83036-64-0

Upstream product

• 30220-46-3 ingenol 
• 77573-43-4 (6S,6aR,7aR,9R,9aS,12S,12aR,12bR)-12,12a-dihydroxy-2,2,7,7,9,11-hexamethyl-4,6,6a,7,7a,8,9,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,9a-methanocyclopenta[9,10]cyclopropa[5,6]cyclodeca[1,2-d][1,3]dioxin-13-one 
• 98-88-4 benzoyl chloride 
• 65-85-0 benzoic acid 

Downstream Products

• 59086-90-7 Ingenol dibenzoate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Total synthesis of natural derivatives and artificial analogs of 13-oxyingenol and their biological evaluation

We have established an efficient synthetic methodology for the 13-oxyingenol natural derivative (13-oxyingenol-13-dodecanoate-20-hexanoate), featuring a ring-closing olefin metathesis reaction for the “direct” construction of a highly strained inside-outside framework and a Mislow-Evans-type [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement for the stereoselective introduction of the hydroxy group at C5. We also synthesized artificial analogs of 13-oxyingenol and ingenol by using our synthetic strategy. In vitro activation assays of protein kinase C (PKC) α and δ revealed that the dodecanoyl group at O13 on 13-oxyingenol analogs had a significant role in PKCδ activation. The PKCα- or PKCδ-activating 13-oxyingenol and ingenol analogs induced both distinct morphological changes and increases of CD11b expression in HL-60 cells, which would be typical signs of HL-60 cell differentiation to macrophage-like cells, as expected by previous reports. Intriguingly, however, similar differentiation phenotypes were observed with the use of 13-oxyingenol natural derivatives and 13-oxyingenol-13-dodecanoate showing a remarkably less potent PKCα or PKCδ activation ability, which the PKC inhibitor G?6983 diminished. This indicated the involvement of other PKC isozymes or related kinase activities. 13-Oxyingenol analogs, which induced HL-60 cell differentiation, also induced HL-60 cell death, similar to the action of a phorbol ester, a strong PKC activator.

Syntheses, biological evaluation and SAR of ingenol mebutate analogues for treatment of actinic keratosis and non-melanoma skin cancer

Ingenol mebutate is the active ingredient in Picato a new drug for the treatment of actinic keratosis. A number of derivatives related to ingenol mebutate were prepared by chemical synthesis from ingenol with the purpose of investigating the SAR and potency in assays relating to pro-inflammatory effects (induction of PMN oxidative burst and keratinocyte cytokine release), the potential of cell death induction, as well as the chemical stability. By modifications of the ingenol scaffold several prerequisites for activity were identified. The chemical stability of the compounds could be linked to an acyl migration mechanism. We were able to find analogues of ingenol mebutate with comparable in vitro properties. Some key features for potent and more stable ingenol derivatives have been identified.

Synthesis of modified ingenol esters

Synthetic protocols for the manipulation of the polyhydroxylated southern region of ingenol (1a) were developed, and a series of isosteres of the anticancer compound ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate (1b) was prepared. The biological evaluation of these compounds showed that cytotoxicity was relatively tolerant to changes at C-20, while PKC activation was markedly affected by these modifications. These data suggest that chemical manipulation can effectively dissect cytotoxicity and tumour-promoting activity (or potential) of ingenoids, affording more optimal candidates for development, like 20-deoxy-20-fluoroingenol 3,20-dibenzoate (5b). In mild acidic medium, an unexpected vinylogous retro-pinacol rearrangement of ingenol to a tigliane derivative was observed.

On the Chemistry of Ingenol, II. Esters of Ingenol and δ7,8-Isoingenol

Preparation and purification of 3-acylated of ingenol (1a) structurally related to naturally occuring, irritant and cocarcinogenic principles are described.It is shown that 3-acylated partly rearrange to corresponding 5-acylates when they are chromatograp