85163-16-2

Upstream product

• 129866-61-1 1-Diazo-6-phenylhexan-2-one 
• 120853-06-7 2-Benzyl-5-oxo-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid methyl ester 
• 930-30-3 cyclopent-2-enone 
• 100-44-7 benzyl chloride 
• 153788-36-4 3-benzyl-1-trimethylsilyloxylcyclopent-1-ene 
• 20371-41-9 5-phenylvaleric acid chloride 
• 67100-39-4 3-benzyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one 
• 22627-70-9 3-ethoxycyclopent-2-en-1-one 
• 5281-18-5 benzaldehyde, hydrazone 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Ground-State Electron Transfer as an Initiation Mechanism for Biocatalytic C-C Bond Forming Reactions

The development of non-natural reaction mechanisms is an attractive strategy for expanding the synthetic capabilities of substrate promiscuous enzymes. Here, we report an "ene"-reductase catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkylation of olefins using α-bromoketones as radical precursors. Radical initiation occurs via ground-state electron transfer from the flavin cofactor located within the enzyme active site, an underrepresented mechanism in flavin biocatalysis. Four rounds of site saturation mutagenesis were used to access a variant of the "ene"-reductase nicotinamide-dependent cyclohexanone reductase (NCR) from Zymomonas mobiles capable of catalyzing a cyclization to furnish β-chiral cyclopentanones with high levels of enantioselectivity. Additionally, wild-type NCR can catalyze intermolecular couplings with precise stereochemical control over the radical termination step. This report highlights the utility for ground-state electron transfers to enable non-natural biocatalytic C-C bond forming reactions.

Carbonyls as Latent Alkyl Carbanions for Conjugate Additions

Conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles to electron-deficient olefins is one of the most powerful methods for forming carbon–carbon bonds. Despite great achievements in controlling the selectivity, variation of the carbon nucleophiles remains largely underexplored, with this approach relying mostly on organometallic reagents. Herein, we report that naturally abundant carbonyls can act as latent carbon nucleophiles for conjugate additions through a ruthenium-catalyzed process, with water and nitrogen as innocuous byproducts. The key to our success is homogeneous ruthenium(II) catalysis, combined with phosphines as spectator ligands and hydrazine as the reducing agent. This chemistry allows the incorporation of highly functionalized alkyl fragments into a vast array of electron-deficient olefins under mild reaction conditions in a reaction complementary to the classical organometallic-reagent-based conjugate additions mediated or catalyzed by “soft” transition metals.

Asymmetric 1,4-reductions of and 1,4-additions to enoates and related systems

One aspect of the present invention relates to methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of a nucleophile, e.g., hydride, to cyclic and acyclic enoates and enones. In certain embodiments of the methods of the present invention, th

Simple construction of bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, and related benzo derivatives by palladium-catalyzed cycloalkenylation

(equation presented) Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanes (hydrindanes) and bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes (octahydropentalenes) are easily synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cycloalkenylations. Additionally, benzo-fused bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes are prepared for the first time thro

Allylbarium reagents: Unprecedented regio- and stereoselective allylation reactions of carbonyl compounds

The first direct preparation of allylbarium reagents by reaction of in situ generated reactive barium with various allylic chlorides and their new and unexpected selective allylation reactions with carbonyl compounds are disclosed. Highly reactive barium was readily prepared by the reduction of barium iodide with 2 equiv of lithium biphenylide in dry THF at room temperature. A variety of carbonyl compounds reacted with barium reagents generated from (E)- or (Z)-allylic chlorides in THF at -78 °C. All reactions resulted in high yields with remarkable α-selectivities not only with aldehydes but also with ketones. The double bond geometry of the starting allylic chloride was completely retained in each case. Stereochemically homogeneous (E)- and (Z)-β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids were easily prepared in good yields by highly α-selective carboxylation of allylic barium reagents with carbon dioxide. A selective Michael addition reaction with α,β-unsaturated cycloalkanone was also achieved using an allylbarium reagent. Treatment of 2-cyclopentenone (1 equiv) with allylbarium chloride (2 equiv) in THF at -78 °C for 20 min afforded 3-allylcyclopentanone in 94% yield with a 1,4/1,2 ratio of >99/1. Furthermore, the in situ generated barium enolate was efficiently trapped with various kinds of electrophiles (Me2C=CHCH2Br, nC5H11CHO, and CH3COCl).

The Intramolecular Buchner Reaction of Aryl Diazoketones. Substituent Effects and Scope in Synthesis

Rhodium(II) acetate-catalysed cyclisation of α-diazoketones derived from 3-arylpropionic acid produces bicyclodecatrienones or 2-tetralones depending on the substitution pattern of the aryl ring in the precursor; the former products are transformed into the latter catalytically with trifluoroacetic acid.Precursors with methyl, methoxy, and acetoxy substituents have been examined, efficient cyclisation occurring in all cases.When the precursor contains a meta-methoxy substituent, 2-tetralones are obtained directly.The efficient conversion of 3-phenylpropionicacid into trans-1-methylbicyclodecan-2-one is also described, partial asymmetric synthesis having been realised through the use of rhodium (S)-mandelate as the cyclisation catalyst.Cyclisations of diazoketones derived from 4-phenylbutyric acid and 5-phenylpentanoic acid have also been studied; the former provides a new entry into the bicycloundecane system whereas the latter produces a 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentanone via C-H insertion.Aspects of the cycloheptatriene-norcaradiene equilibrium in fused ring systems are discussed.