85549-54-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Inversion of cpADH5 Enantiopreference and Altered Chain Length Specificity for Methyl 3-Hydroxyalkanoates
Ensari, Yunus,Dhoke, Gaurao V.,Davari, Mehdi D.,Bocola, Marco,Ruff, Anna Jo?lle,Schwaneberg, Ulrich
, p. 12636 - 12645 (2017/09/18)
Expanding the substrate scope of enzymes opens up new routes for synthesis of valuable chemicals. Ketone-functionalized fatty acid derivatives and corresponding chiral alcohols are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of chemicals including pharmaceuticals. The alcohol dehydrogenase from Candida parapsilosis (cpADH5) catalyzes the reversible oxidations of chiral alcohols and has a broad substrate range; a challenge for cpADH5 is to convert alcohols with small substituents (methyl or ethyl) next to the oxidized alcohol moiety. Molecular docking studies revealed that W286 is located in the small binding pocket and limits the access to substrates that contain aliphatic chains longer than ethyl substituent. In the current manuscript, we report that positions L119 and W286 are key residues to boost oxidation of medium chain methyl 3-hydroxy fatty acids; interestingly the enantiopreference toward methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate was inverted. Kinetic characterization of W286A showed a 5.5 fold increase of Vmax and a 9.6 fold decrease of Km values toward methyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate (Vmax: 2.48 U mg? and Km: 4.76 mm). Simultaneous saturation at positions 119 and 286 library yielded a double mutant (L119M/W286S) with more than 30-fold improved activity toward methyl 3-hydroxyoctanoate (WT: no conversion; L119M/W286S: 30 %) and inverted enantiopreference (S-enantiomer ≥99 % activity decrease and R-enantiomer >20-fold activity improvement) toward methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate-based 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and its derivatives as a platform of bioactive compounds
Radivojevic, Jelena,Skaro, Sanja,Senerovic, Lidija,Vasiljevic, Branka,Guzik, Maciej,Kenny, Shane T.,Maslak, Veselin,Nikodinovic-Runic, Jasmina,OConnor, Kevin E.
, p. 161 - 172 (2016/01/09)
A library of 18 different compounds was synthesized starting from (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid which is derived from the bacterial polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Ten derivatives, including halo and unsaturated methyl and benzyl esters, were synthesized and characterized for the first time. Given that (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids are known to have biological activity, the new compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity and in vitro antiproliferative effect with mammalian cell lines. The presence of the carboxylic group was essential for the antimicrobial activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations against a panel of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungi (Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum) in the range 2.87.0 mM and 0.16.3 mM, respectively. 3-Halogenated octanoic acids exhibited the ability to inhibit C. albicans hyphae formation. In addition, (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic and (E)-oct-2-enoic acids inhibited quorum sensing-regulated pyocyanin production in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Generally, derivatives did not inhibit mammalian cell proliferation even at 3-mM concentrations, while only (E)-oct-2-enoic and 3-oxooctanoic acid had IC50 values of 1.7 and 1.6 mM with the human lung fibroblast cell line.
Fatty acyl incorporation in the biosynthesis of WAP-8294A, a group of potent anti-MRSA cyclic lipodepsipeptides
Chen, Haotong,Olson, Andrew S.,Su, Wei,Dussault, Patrick H.,Du, Liangcheng
, p. 105753 - 105759 (2015/12/26)
WAP-8294A is a family of at least 20 cyclic lipodepsipeptides exhibiting potent anti-MRSA activity. These compounds differ mainly in the hydroxylated fatty acyl chain; WAP-8294A2, the most potent member of the family that reached clinical trials, is based on (R)-3-hydroxy-7-methyloctanoic acid. It is unclear how the acyl group is incorporated because no acyl-CoA ligase (ACL) gene is present in the WAP-8294A gene cluster in Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11. Here, we identified seven putative ACL genes in the OH11 genome and showed that the yield of WAP-8294A2 was impacted by multiple ACL genes with the ACL6 gene having the most significant effect. We then investigated several (R)-3-hydroxy fatty acids and their acyl SNAC (N-acetylcysteamine) thioesters as substrates for the ACLs. Feeding (R)-3-hydroxy-7-methyloctanoate-SNAC to the ACL6 gene deletion mutant restored the production of WAP-8294A2. Finally, we heterologously expressed the seven ACL genes in E. coli and purified six of the proteins. While these enzymes exhibit a varied level of activity in vitro, ACL6 showed the highest catalytic efficiency in converting (R)-3-hydroxy-7-methyloctanoic acid to its CoA thioester when incubated with coenzyme A and ATP. These results provided both in vivo and in vitro evidence to support the fact that ACL6 is the main player for fatty acyl activation and incorporation in WAP-8294A2 biosynthesis. The results also suggest that the molecular basis for the acyl chain diversity in the WAP-8294A family is the presence of functionally overlapping ACLs.
Characterization of FabG and FabI of the Streptomyces coelicolor dissociated fatty acid synthase
Singh, Renu,Reynolds, Kevin A.
, p. 631 - 640 (2015/03/31)
Streptomyces coelicolor produces fatty acids for both primary metabolism and for biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite undecylprodiginine. The first and last reductive steps during the chain elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis are catalyzed by FabG and FabI. The S. coelicolor genome sequence has one fabI gene (SCO1814) and three likely fabG genes (SCO1815, SCO1345, and SCO1846). We report the expression, purification, and characterization of the corresponding gene products. Kinetic analyses revealed that all three FabGs and FabI are capable of utilizing both straight and branched-chain β-ketoacyl-NAC and enoyl-NAC substrates, respectively. Furthermore, only SCO1345 differentiates between ACPs from both biosynthetic pathways. The data presented provide the first experimental evidence that SCO1815, SCO1346, and SCO1814 have the catalytic capability to process intermediates in both fatty acid and undecylprodiginine biosynthesis.
N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed radical reactions for highly enantioselective β-hydroxylation of enals
Zhang, Yuexia,Du, Yu,Huang, Zhijian,Xu, Jianfeng,Wu, Xingxing,Wang, Yuhuang,Wang, Ming,Yang, Song,Webster, Richard D.,Chi, Yonggui Robin
supporting information, p. 2416 - 2419 (2015/03/04)
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed β-hydroxylation of enals is developed. The reaction goes through a pathway involving multiple radical intermediates, as supported by experimental observations. This oxidative single-electron-transfer reaction allows for highly enantioselective access to β-hydroxyl esters that are widely found in natural products and bioactive molecules.
The synthesis of medium-chain-length β-hydroxy esters via the reformatsky reaction
Sailer, Miloslav,Dubicki, Krystyn I.,Sorensen, John L.
, p. 79 - 82 (2015/02/02)
The synthesis of medium-chain-length β-hydroxy esters in good yield via the Reformatsky reaction is described. This work will be used as the basis for further investigation of hydroxyalkanoate polymers as potential feedstock for biofuel production.
Biochemical Studies of Mycobacterial Fatty Acid Methyltransferase: A Catalyst for the Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel
Petronikolou, Nektaria,Nair, Satish K.
, p. 1480 - 1490 (2015/12/01)
Summary Transesterification of fatty acids yields the essential component of biodiesel, but current processes are cost-prohibitive and generate waste. Recent efforts make use of biocatalysts that are effective in diverting products from primary metabolism to yield fatty acid methyl esters in bacteria. These biotransformations require the fatty acid O-methyltransferase (FAMT) from Mycobacterium marinum (MmFAMT). Although this activity was first reported in the literature in 1970, the FAMTs have yet to be biochemically characterized. Here, we describe several crystal structures of MmFAMT, which highlight an unexpected structural conservation with methyltransferases that are involved in plant natural product metabolism. The determinants for ligand recognition are analyzed by kinetic analysis of structure-based active-site variants. These studies reveal how an architectural fold employed in plant natural product biosynthesis is used in bacterial fatty acid O-methylation. Mycobacterial fatty acid methyltransferases are employed as biocatalysts for the production of biodiesel. Petronikolou and Nair describe structural and biochemical characterization of a mycobacterial fatty acid methyltransferase, reveal an unexpected homology to enzymes involved in plant primary metabolism, and provide insights into substrate preference.
Systematic investigation of the kinetic resolution of 3-hydroxy fatty acid esters using Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and the influence of competing oligomerization on the enantiomeric ratios
Braner, Markus,Zielonka, Stefan,Auras, Sylvia,Huettenhain, Stefan H.
experimental part, p. 1019 - 1025 (2012/02/01)
The kinetic resolution of 3-hydroxy fatty acid esters C8:0 to C16:0 with Candida antarctica lipase B shows common plots of the enantiomeric excesses of the product and substrate, respectively, versus the conversion and an enantiomeric ratio E of 27 calculated from ee(p). Differences in E, either calculated from the products or the substrates, could be explained by competing oligomerization as a second substrate-consuming process. This reaction is slow compared to acylation, and the remaining enantiomer was oligomerized. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Kinetic resolution of aliphatic acyclic β-hydroxyketones by recombinant whole-cell Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases-Formation of enantiocomplementary regioisomeric esters
Rehdorf, Jessica,Lengar, Alenka,Bornscheuer, Uwe T.,Mihovilovic, Marko D.
scheme or table, p. 3739 - 3743 (2010/02/28)
A set of various linear aliphatic β-hydroxyketones was investigated as substrates in the enzymatic kinetic and regioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation catalyzed by 12 Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases from different bacterial origin. Excellent enantioselect
Asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydrolipstatin and valilactone
Case-Green, Stephen C.,Davies, Stephen G.,Roberts, Paul M.,Russell, Angela J.,Thomson, James E.
experimental part, p. 2620 - 2631 (2009/04/06)
The highly diastereoselective aldol reaction between acyl complexes of the iron chiral auxiliary [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)] and β-hydroxy aldehydes (obtained via a Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation), followed by a tandem oxidative decomplexation-cyclisation process gives access to β-substituted and α,β-disubstituted β-lactones in high ee. This methodology has been employed in the asymmetric syntheses of tetrahydrolipstatin and valilactone.
