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Usage

Uses

Used in Cosmetics Industry:
4-Methoxycinnamic acid is used as a UV absorber for its ability to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is commonly incorporated into sunscreens and other skincare products to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays, reducing the risk of skin damage, premature aging, and skin cancer.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
4-Methoxycinnamic acid is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs, particularly anti-adrenergic agents such as esmolol. This application takes advantage of its chemical properties to create compounds that can help regulate heart rate and blood pressure, providing therapeutic benefits for patients with cardiovascular conditions.
Used in Organic Synthesis:
4-Methoxycinnamic acid serves as a starting material in the organic synthesis of various compounds, including esters that are effective absorbers of UV radiation. This makes it a valuable component in the development of new products and materials with enhanced UV protection capabilities.
Used in Avenanthramide Alkaloid Synthesis:
In the synthesis of isolated avenanthramide alkaloids, 4-methoxycinnamic acid serves as a starting material. It can be converted into its acid chloride with thionyl chloride, yielding a 98% conversion rate. This conversion is crucial for the production of avenanthramides, which are bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.

Preparation

4-methoxycinnamic acid synthesis : In a 25-mL, roundbottomed flask, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (0.804 mL, 6.61 mmol) (3), malonic acid (1.75 g, 16.8 mmol), and β-alanine (0.10 g, 1.12 mmol) were dissolved in pyridine (3.0 mL, 37.1 mmol) and heated under reflux for 90 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was placed in an ice bath and 8.0 mL of concentrated HCl was slowly added. The resulting white precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with cold water (2 x 10mL) and dried thoroughly. The product was recrystallized from absolute ethanol (~20 mL).Synthesis of 4-methoxycinnamic acid

InChI:InChI=1/C10H10O3/c1-13-9-5-2-8(3-6-9)4-7-10(11)12/h2-7H,1H3,(H,11,12)/b7-4+

Upstream product

• 79-20-9 acetic acid methyl ester 
• 123-11-5 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 
• 141-82-2 malonic acid 
• 24393-56-4 ethyl (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 
• 51978-98-4 5-[(E)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethenyl]-3-methyl-4-nitroisoxazole 
• 84062-32-8 verbascoside A 
• 104-92-7 1-bromo-4-methoxy-benzene 
• 79-10-7 acrylic acid 
• 97145-52-3 arbortristoside A 
• 696-62-8 para-iodoanisole 
• 75-36-5 acetyl chloride 
• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 
• 768-60-5 4-methoxyphenylacetylen 
• 60-18-4 L-tyrosine 

Downstream Products

• 101595-22-6 3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-propionic acid 
• 637-69-4 4-Methoxystyrene 
• 5406-18-8 3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol 
• 24393-56-4 ethyl (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 
• 23784-83-0 (E)-N,N-diethyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propenamide 
• 19950-54-0 meso-3,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-adipic acid 
• 19950-53-9 racem.-3.4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-adipic acid 
• 59259-39-1 (+/-)-3endo-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-norborn-5-ene-2exo-carboxylic acid 
• 59259-39-1 (+/-)-3exo-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-norborn-5-ene-2endo-carboxylic acid 
• 81509-20-8 (+/-)-6endo-hydroxy-5exo-iodo-3exo-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-norbornane-2endo-carboxylic acid-lactone 
• 35582-69-5 bis-3,3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-propionic acid 
• 133793-09-6 4-methoxy-trans-cinnamic acid-(2-methoxy-phenyl ester) 
• 85676-74-0 (E)-1-chloro-2-(4-methoxystyryl)benzene 
• 109386-28-9 (±)-7-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydrocoumarin 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Highly regio- and stereoselective asymmetric bromoazidation of chiral α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives: Scope and limitations

(Chemical Equation Presented) Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric bromoazidation of chiral α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives was performed using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN 3) as the bromine and azide sources. Among the Lewis acids, Yb(OTf)3 was found to be the best catalyst. Regio- and anti-selectivity of 100% and moderate to good diastereoselectivity (up to 89:11) with good yields were obtained when Oppolzer's bornane sultam chiral auxilairy was used. Diastereoselectivity of > 95:05 was observed when (2S,5S)-2,5-diphenylpyrrolidine was used as the chiral auxiliary.

Reusable, magnetic Raney nickel based palladium catalysts for the Heck coupling in aqueous media

Hybrid materials based on Pd- and Cu-doped Raney nickel appeared to be highly efficient catalysts for the Heck reaction in aqueous media in the absence of organic cosolvents. The catalysts can be easily removed by an external magnet and reused without losing catalytic activity.

Larvicidal activity and in silico studies of cinnamic acid derivatives against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cinnamic acid derivatives (CAD's) represent a great alternative in the search for insecticides against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes since they have antimicrobial and insecticide properties. Ae. aegypti is responsible for transmitting Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses, among other arboviruses associated with morbimortality, especially in developing countries. In view of this, in vitro analyses of n-substituted cinnamic acids and esters were performed upon 4th instar larvae (L4) of Ae. aegypti, as well as, molecular docking studies to propose a potential biological target towards this mosquitoes species. The larvicide assays proved that n-substituted ethyl cinnamates showed a more pronounced activity than their corresponding acids, in which p-chlorocinnamate (3j) presented a LC50 value of 8.3 μg/mL. Thusly, external morphologic alterations (rigid and elongated body, curved bowel, and translucent or darkened anal papillae) of mosquitoes’ group exposed to compound 3j, were observed by microscopy. In addition, an analytical method was developed for the quantification of the most promising analog by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Molecular docking studies suggested that the larvicide action is associated with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Therefore, expanding the larvicidal study with the cinnamic acid derivatives against the vector Ae. aegypti is important for finding search for more effective larvicides and with lower toxicity, since they have already shown good larvicidal properties against Ae. aegypti.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole hybrids of 4-methoxy ethyl cinnamate isolated from Hedychium spicatum (Sm) rhizomes: identification of antiproliferative lead actives against prostate cancer

A series of 1, 2, 3- triazole hybrids (9a-9n) were synthesised from major phenolic constituent, 4-methoxy ethyl cinnamate (5) isolated from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum (Sm), a traditional medicinal plant used in variety of disease conditions. All the synthesised analogues were tested for their in vitro antiproliferative potential against HCT 116 (colon cancer), A549 (lung cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer), Hep G2 (hepatoma) and HEK-293 (normal) cell lines. Among the compounds tested, compounds 9i and 9k potently arrested proliferation of DU-145 (prostate cancer) cell line. Compound 9i displayed 20 times better antiproliferative potential than parent compound and almost identical inhibitory activity to that of the standard drug, doxorubicin. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that 9i arrested cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Overall, the hybrid derivative 9i was found to be a potential antiproliferative lead against prostate cancer.

Quorum sensing and nf-κb inhibition of synthetic coumaperine derivatives from piper nigrum

Bacterial communication, termed Quorum Sensing (QS), is a promising target for virulence attenuation and the treatment of bacterial infections. Infections cause inflammation, a process regulated by a number of cellular factors, including the transcription Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB); this factor is found to be upregulated in many inflammatory diseases, including those induced by bacterial infection. In this study, we tested 32 synthetic derivatives of coumaperine (CP), a known natural compound found in pepper (Piper nigrum), for Quorum Sensing Inhibition (QSI) and NF-κB inhibitory activities. Of the compounds tested, seven were found to have high QSI activity, three inhibited bacterial growth and five inhibited NF-κB. In addition, some of the CP compounds were active in more than one test. For example, compounds CP-286, CP-215 and CP-158 were not cytotoxic, inhibited NF-κB activation and QS but did not show antibacterial activity. CP-154 inhibited QS, decreased NF-κB activation and inhibited bacterial growth. Our results indicate that these synthetic molecules may provide a basis for further development of novel therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.

Photocatalytic Oxidative [2+2] Cycloelimination Reactions with Flavinium Salts: Mechanistic Study and Influence of the Catalyst Structure

Flavinium salts are frequently used in organocatalysis but their application in photoredox catalysis has not been systematically investigated to date. We synthesized a series of 5-ethyl-1,3-dimethylalloxazinium salts with different substituents in the positions 7 and 8 and investigated their application in light-dependent oxidative cycloelimination of cyclobutanes. Detailed mechanistic investigations with a coumarin dimer as a model substrate reveal that the reaction preferentially occurs via the triplet-born radical pair after electron transfer from the substrate to the triplet state of an alloxazinium salt. The very photostable 7,8-dimethoxy derivative is a superior catalyst with a sufficiently high oxidation power (E=2.26 V) allowing the conversion of various cyclobutanes (with Eox up to 2.05 V) in high yields. Even compounds such as all-trans dimethyl 3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate can be converted, whose opening requires a high activation energy due to a missing pre-activation caused by bulky adjacent substituents in cis-position.

Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C-H methylation

A practical and general iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabling aldehyde C-H methylation for the synthesis of methyl ketones has been developed. This mild, operationally simple method uses ambient air as the sole oxidant and tolerates sensitive functional groups for the late-stage functionalization of complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.

Amino Group Functionalized Hf-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Knoevenagel-Doebner Condensation

A Hf(IV) metal-organic framework (MOF) with di-amino functionalized linker was obtained as a crystalline solid with UiO-67 topology under solvothermal reaction conditions. The guest free form of Hf(IV) MOF (1′) was efficiently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst to synthesize cinnamic acid derivatives via Knoevenagel-Doebner reaction for the first time. The catalyst (1′) was efficiently active to directly achieve cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde and malonic acid. The solid retained its activity up to 6th cycle with no decay in its activity. The noticeable advantages of the catalyst are its milder reaction conditions, high yield, high stability, recyclable nature towards catalysis and wide substrate scope as well as shape-selective behaviour. The possible mechanism of the reaction was also studied thoroughly with suitable control experiments.

Enantioselective Rauhut–Currier Reaction with β-Substituted Acrylamides Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

β-Substituted acrylamides have low electrophilicity and are yet to be exploited in the enantioselective Rauhut–Currier reaction. By exploiting electron-withdrawing protection of the amide and moderate nucleophilicity N-heterocyclic carbenes, such substrates have been converted to enantioenriched quinolones. The reaction proceeds with complete diastereoselectivity, good yield, and modest enantioselectivity. Derivatizations are reported, as are computational studies, supporting decreased amide bond character with electron-withdrawing protection of the nitrogen.

Discovery of 3-cinnamamido-n-substituted benzamides as potential antimalarial agents

Background: Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, yet the discovery of antimalarial agents remains profoundly challenging. Very few new antimalarials have been developed in the past 50 years, while the emergence of drug-resistance continues to appear. Objective: This study focuses on the discovery, design, synthesis, and antimalarial evaluation of 3- cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamides. Methods: In this study, a screening of our compound library was carried out against the multidrugsensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. Derivatives of the hit were designed, synthesized and tested against P. falciparum 3D7 and the in vivo antimalarial activity of the most active compounds was evaluated using the method of Peters’ 4-day suppressive test. Results: The retrieved hit compound 1 containing a 3-cinnamamido-N-substituted benzamide skeleton showed moderate antimalarial activity (IC50 = 1.20 μM) for the first time. A series of derivatives were then synthesized through a simple four-step workflow, and half of them exhibited slightly better antimalarial effect than the precursor 1 during the subsequent in vitro assays. Additionally, compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 displayed potent activity with IC50 values of approximately 0.1 μM, and weak cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. However, in vivo antimalarial activity is not effective, which might be ascribed to the poor solubility of these compounds. Conclusion: In this study, the phenotypic screen of our compound library resulted in the first report of a 3-cinnamamide framework with antimalarial activity and 40 derivatives were then designed and synthesized. Subsequent structure-activity studies showed that compounds 11, 23, 30 and 31 exhibited the most potent and selective activity against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain with IC50 values around 0.1 μM. Our work herein sets another example of phenotypic screen-based drug discovery, leading to potentially promising candidates of novel antimalarial agents once given further optimization.