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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and characterization of a host (a new thiol based dendritic polymer)-guest (Pd nanoparticles) nanocomposite material: An efficient and reusable catalyst for C-C coupling reactions

The catalytic activity of a new thiol based dendritic polymer immobilized on nano silica containing palladium nanoparticles was studied in C-C coupling reactions. In this manner, functionalized silica nanoparticles were reacted with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl and then with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Finally, this new dendritic material was used as host for carrying of Pd nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric and elemental analyses are in a proper correlation and confirm the successful synthesis of the dendritic polymer. The characterization of the catalyst by transmission electron microscopy, EDX and elemental mapping, show a uniform dispersed, nano-scaled Pd particles in denderimer's cavities and also on the surface functional groups. This insoluble nanosilica thiolated dendritic polymer-supported Pd nanoparticles, showed a set of favorable properties to be used as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck C-C coupling reactions.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and catalytic activity of bridged-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) palladium(II) complexes in selective Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions

A series of three 1,3-propanediyl bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) complexes (Pd-BNH1, Pd-BNH2, and Pd-BNH3), with + I effect order of the N-substituents of the ligand (isopropyl > benzyl > methoxyphenyl), was the subject of a spectroscopic, structural, computational and catalytic investigation. The bis(NHC)PdBr2 complexes were evaluated in Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions of aryl bromides with styrene or acrylate derivatives and showed high catalytic efficiency to produce diarylethenes and cinnamic acid derivatives. The X-ray structure of the most active palladium complex Pd-BNH3 shows that the Pd(II) center is bonded to the two carbon atoms of the bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) and two bromide ligands in cis position, resulting in a distorted square planar geometry. The NMR data of Pd-BNH3 are consistent with a single chair-boat rigid conformer in solution with no dynamic behavior of the 8-membered ring palladacycle in the temperature range 25–120 °C. The catalytic activities of three Pd-bridged bis(NHC) complexes in the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions were not found to have a direct correlation with +I effect order of the N-substituents of the ligand. However, a direct correlation was found between the DFT calculated absolute softness of the three complexes with their respective catalytic activity. The highest calculated softness, in the case of Pd-BNH3, is expected to favor the coordination steps of both the soft aryl bromides and alkenes in the Heck catalytic cycle.

Multidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel and Palladium: Structural Analysis and Catalytic Application in Mizoroki–Heck Coupling Reaction

Two series of electron-rich metal (Ni and Pd) complexes, namely a pyridine-coordinated tridentate NHC/amidate/phenoxy metal complex and a tetradentate complex bearing an extra pyridyl group, were synthesized. Two carbene moieties, imidazole-based and benzimidazole-based NHCs, were also incorporated into the ligand backbones. Seven of the new complexes were structurally characterized and comparative structural analysis revealed that the tetradentate complex with a flanking pyridyl side-arm was less distorted, leading to chelation-assisted stronger NHC coordination and hence a shorter metal–carbene bond. The catalytic activities of the two sets of palladium complexes for the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction were investigated. The comparative data showed that despite the higher thermal stability and the presence of the flanking hemilabile pyridyl side-arm which provided unsaturation to the metal center, the catalytic performance was slightly inferior to that of the tridentate palladium complex with a “throw-away” pyridine ligand. The tridentate palladium complex with the benzimidazole-based NHC moiety was the most effective catalyst, allowing the utilization of a range of aryl chlorides including deactivated substrates with a low 0.2 mol-% Pd loading in molten n-tetrabutylammonium bromide.

Regioselective Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles immobilized on DNA-modified MWCNTs

This is the first report of regioselective Heck reaction of aryl iodides with 2,3-dihydrofuran using heterogonous nanocatalyst. Herein, palladium nanoparticles is immobilized on DNA-modified multi walled carbon nanotubes and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma and elemental analysis. DNA as a well-defined structure and biodegradable natural polymer generate the palladium catalyst which showed high activity in common and regioselective Heck reaction in excellent yields and good selectivity under ligand-free and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered and reused at least nine times without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity.

SPIONs-bis(NHC)-palladium(II): A novel, powerful and efficient catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling reactions

A novel, stable and powerful nano Pd-NHC complex utilizing N-methylimidazole bounded to 1,3,5-triazine-tethered SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) as a bidentate NHC ligand is reported. This well-defined complex was used as an efficient (

Ultrasound-assisted C-C coupling reactions catalyzed by unique SPION-A-Pd(EDTA) as a robust nanocatalyst

A novel and highly stable Pd(EDTA)2- salt was synthesized as a catalyst, using a counter-cation of N-methylimidazolium bonded to 1,3,5-triazine-tethered SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles). This well-defined complex efficiently