956-41-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
TiO2-photocatalyzed reactions of some benzylic donors
Cermenati, Laura,Fagnoni, Maurizio,Albini, Angelo
, p. 560 - 566 (2007/10/03)
TiO2-photocatalyzed oxidation of toluene (1a), benzyltrimethylsilane (1b), and 4-methoxybenzyltrimethylsilane (1c) has been carried out in acetonitrile under oxygen, under nitrogen, and in the presence of electrophilic alkenes under various conditions (using Ag2SO 4 as electron acceptor, adding 2.5% H2O, changing solvent to CH2Cl2). Benzyl radicals, formed via electron transfer and fragmentation, are trapped. A good material balance is often obtained. The overall efficiency of the process depends on the donor Eox, on the rate of fragmentation of the radical cation, and on the acceptor present (Ag+ is an efficient oxidant, an electrophilic alkene a poor one, O2 is intermediate). With ring-unsubstituted benzyl derivatives 1a and 1b, oxidative fragmentation occurs mainly close to the catalyst surface. The benzyl radicals form at a high local concentration and give benzaldehyde under O2, bibenzyl under N2 and dibenzylated derivatives by attack on the alkenes (acrylonitrile, fumaronitrile, maleic acid). In this case, using CH2Cl2-O2 enhances the yield of benzaldehyde. With methoxylated 1c, however, the radical cation migrates into the solution before fragmentation and, therefore, the free benzyl radical is formed. This radical in part is oxidized to the cation, giving a considerable amount of benzylacetamide (or of the alcohol with water), and in part is trapped by the alkenes. The last reaction is less efficient in this case and yields monobenzyl derivatives.
Titanium dioxide photocatalysed alkylation of maleic acid derivatives
Cermenati, Laura,Mella, Mariella,Albini, Angelo
, p. 2575 - 2582 (2007/10/03)
The irradiation of a nitrogen-flushed acetonitrile suspension of titanium dioxide in the presence of benzyltrimethylsilane, its 4-methoxy derivative or 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid as the donors and maleic acid, maleic anhydride or related nitriles as the accepters leads to the corresponding benzylsuccinic acid derivatives via electron, hole transfer and fragmentation of the benzyl radical cation (such a cleavage is too slow with 4-methoxytoluene). A rationale of the reaction and an evaluation of the synthetic significance of the method are given.
Solar light induced carbon-carbon bond formation via TiO2 photocatalysis
Cermenati, Laura,Richter, Christoph,Albini, Angelo
, p. 805 - 806 (2007/10/03)
Solar light irradiation of a TiO2 suspension in MeCN containing maleic anhydride and 4-methoxybenzyl(trimethyl)silane gives benzylated succinic acid (or anhydride) on a gram scale.
