96-38-8Relevant articles and documents
Isoprene synthesis from formaldehyde and isobutene over Keggin-type heteropolyacids supported on silica
Sushkevich,Ordomsky,Ivanova
, p. 6354 - 6364 (2016/08/18)
Gas phase Prins condensation of isobutene with formaldehyde has been studied over different Keggin-type heteropolyacids supported on amorphous silica. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, low temperature nitrogen adsorption, TPD of ammonia, FTIR of adsorbed pyridine and NMR spectroscopy. The activity of the supported heteropoly compounds was found to increase in the following order: H4SiMo12O40 3PMo12O40 4SiW12O40 ≈ H3PW12O40. The lower activity of the supported molybdenum heteropolyacids was attributed to their low thermal stability and partial decomposition during catalyst activation, which resulted in lower acidity. The variation of HPA content from 5 to 33 wt% was also shown to increase catalyst activity. Based on the relationship between the content of weak Br?nsted sites, the amount and type of carbonaceous deposits and the catalytic activity, it was concluded that the generation of working active sites over HPA catalysts involves the formation of unsaturated branched surface species over weak Br?nsted sites. These active carbonaceous species are responsible for selective isoprene synthesis. The best catalyst performance is observed over the catalyst with 20 wt% of H3PW12O40, which shows an isoprene yield of 48% with a selectivity of 63%.
On the Thermal Cycloisomerization of Long-Chain Alkylacetylenes in the Gas Phase
Ondruschka, Bernd,Zimmermann, Gerhard,Remmler, Matthias,Ziegler, Ulrich,Kopinke, Frank-Dieter,et.al.
, p. 715 - 720 (2007/10/02)
The thermal cycloisomerization of some alkylacetylenes was investigated in a tubular quartz reactor.At 570 deg C 1-hexyne (1) rearranges to 3-methyl-1-cyclopentene (5) with a selectivity of about 27 by a reaction sequence including an acetylene-vinylidene rearrangement and 1,5-C,H insertion of the intermediately formed alkylidenecarbene species. 5-methyl-1-hexyne (2) behaves analogously forming 3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclopentene (6), while 2-hexyne (3) provides 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene (7) indicating that the acetylene-vinylidene rearrangement is obviuosly not restricted to 1,2-H shifts.The mechanism of the cycloisomerization of alkylacetylenes is investigated by means of D-labeled parent alkynes.The results show that the unimolecular cycloisomerization via alkylidenecarbenes obviously can be an important channel despite the dominance of a radical chain course. - Keywords: Alkyne/ Carbene/ Cycloisomerization/ Pyrolysis