Each phase of matter has its own chemical and physical properties. The phases of matter you need to know are:
Solid - a solid has a definite shape and volume.
Liquid
Life on earth depends on the chemical element , which is present in every living thing. Carbon is so important, it forms the basis for two branches of chemistry, organic chemistry and bioche
Chemical bonds hold atoms together.
Ionic Bond - formed when an electron transfers from one atom to another.
Covalent Bond - formed when two atoms share one or more e
A chemical formula is a shorthand way of showing the elements contained in a molecule/compound and their ratio. For example, H2O, the chemical formula for water, shows that two atoms of hydr
The periodic table is a chart which organizes the chemical elements. The elements are categorized according to the following attributes:
Atomic Number - number of protons in t
An atom has an inner core called a nucleus, which is where the protons and neutrons are located. The electrons orbit around the outside of the nucleus.
An atom consists of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. An atom does not need to have all three particles, but will always contain at least protons.
Dissolution is the process by which a solid solute enters a solution. In the pharmaceutical industry, it may be defined as the amount of drug substance that goes into solution per unit time
A chemical reaction is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. The important terms to remember are:
Chemical Equation- name given t
In vertebrates, vigorously contracting skeletal muscles do not receive enough oxygen to meet the energy demand, and so they shift to anaerobic metabolism, converting glucose to lactate. The
In aerobic cells with sufficient oxygen, like most human cells, the pyruvate is further metabolized. It is irreversibly converted to acetyl-CoA, giving off one carbon atom as the waste produ
is mainly metabolized by a very important ten-step pathway called glycolysis, the net result of which is to break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; this also prod
The simplest type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, which among other properties contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, mostly in a ratio of 1:2:1.
, one of the most important ca
Two monosaccharides can be joined together using dehydration synthesis, in which a hydrogen atom is removed from the end of one molecule and a hydroxyl group (—OH) is removed from the
A triglyceride with a glycerol molecule on the left and three coming off it. Lipids are usually made from one molecule of glycerol combined with other molecules. In triglycerides, the main
A molecule of sucrose (glucose + fructose), a disaccharide.Carbohydrates are made from monomers called monosaccharides. Some of these monosaccharides include glucose (C6H12O6), fructose (C6H
The four main classes of molecules in biochemistry are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many biological molecules are polymers: in this terminology, monomers are relativel
Like carbohydrates, some proteins perform largely structural roles. For instance, movements of the proteins actin and myosin ultimately are responsible for the contraction of skeletal muscle
Nucleic acids are the molecules that make up DNA, an extremely important substance which all cellular organisms use to store their genetic information. The most common nucleic acids are deox
Originally, it was generally believed that life was not subject to the laws of science the way non-life was. It was thought that only living beings could produce the molecules of life. Then,
