Reference

Investigational treatments for postoperative surgical site infections

All Rights Reserved. Investigational treatments for postoperative surgical site infections. Poulakou, Garyphallia; Giamarellou, Helen (University General Hospital Attikon, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 12462, Greece). Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 16(2), 137-155 (English) 2007 Informa Healthcare. CODEN: EOIDER. ISSN: 1354-3784. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) A review. Surgical site infections rank third among nosocomial infections, representing a global threat, assocd. with the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has recently curtailed developmental programs; however, the need for new compds.Several reagents with their cas registry numbers 392659-38-0 and 372151-71-8 are used here. is extremely important. This article reviews new antimicrobials and immunointerventional targets for their potential to treat surgical site infections in comparison with recently licensed compds. Daptomycin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, telavancin, iclaprim and ranbezolid seem to be promising agents against infections caused by Gram-pos. pathogens and effectively address the present problems of multi-resistance in Gram-pos. infections. Peptide deformylase inhibitors and immunostimulating agents open new perspectives in this field; however, very few compds. targeting Gram-neg. problematic pathogens are in the pipeline of the future. Tigecycline (recently marketed) ceftobiprole, ceftaroline and doripenem seem to possess an extended anti-Gram-pos. and -neg. spectrum. Among these compds., only doripenem demonstrates activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for which there is a clear unmet need for new compds., focusing on new targets. .

Daptomycin: graduation day

All Rights Reserved. Daptomycin: graduation day. Ammerlaan, H. S. M.; Bonten, M. J. M. (Eijkman-Winkler Centre for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Inflammation, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Neth.). Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 12(Suppl. 8), 22-28 (English) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. CODEN: CMINFM. ISSN: 1198-743X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) A review. Gram-pos. infections, both community- and hospital-acquired, have a huge impact on healthcare. The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is on the increase, probably due to the rising nos. of patients with risk-factors for these infections. Antibiotic resistance has seriously compromised treatment options for Gram-pos. infections, most notably those caused by staphylococci and enterococci. Until recently, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was obsd. mainly in healthcare-assocd. infections, but a significant rise in community-assocd. MRSA is being reported, esp. in the USA. In the last decade, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become the second most important group of pathogens among intensive care patients in US hospitals, and VRE outbreaks are currently emerging in European hospitals. The changing patterns of both MRSA and VRE are assocd. with a changing mol. epidemiol., in which sub-populations with obvious enhanced epidemic potential are rapidly becoming more prominent. These recent epidemiol. observations suggest an increase in difficult-to-treat Gram-pos. infections in European hospitals in the coming years, and underscore the need for new treatment options. Daptomycin, the first cyclic lipopeptide, is a novel antibiotic with potent in-vitro activity against Gram-pos. organisms, including MRSA and VRE. It has been approved for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by Gram-pos. bacteria, and registration for treatment of infective endocarditis and bacteremia is anticipated. The novel mode of action, rapid in-vitro bactericidal activity against growing and stationary-phase bacteria, once-daily dosing regimen, and no requirement for drug monitoring, could all make daptomycin an attractive option for the treatment of Gram-pos. infections.