Reference

Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels

Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels. Jarowski, Charles Ignatius (USA ). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US 2003139465 A1 24 Jul 2003,3 pp. (English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXCO. CLASS: ICM: A61K031-405. ICS: A61K031-198. NCL: 514419000; 514561000; 514562000; 514564000. APPLICATION: US 2002-53265 23 Jan 2002. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 18 (Animal Nutrition) Section cross-reference(s): 63 Depending upon the quantity of protein being consumed, one or more unit doses of a blend consisting of L-Tryptophan (80), L-Methionine (90), L-Valine (103) and L-Lysine Monohydrochloride (128 mg), added as a dietary supplement, will improve the efficiency of amino acid utilization and thereby lower urinary urea excretion and control peak post-prandial blood glucose levels. The levels of supplementation are derived by taking into consideration the av. human fasting plasma concns. of essential amino acids and L-Tyrosine and L-Cystine.

Apoptosis induction in lymphoma cells: Thiol deprivation versus thiol excess

Apoptosis induction in lymphoma cells: Thiol deprivation versus thiol excess. Kovar, J.; Stybrova, H.; Truksa, J.; Spevakova, K.; Valenta, T. (Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20/4, Czech Rep.). Folia Biologica (Prague, Czech Republic), 48(2), 58-68 (English) 2002 Institute of Molecular Genetics. CODEN: FOBLAN. ISSN: 0015-5500. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) The authors studied the effects of thiol availability on apoptosis induction in B-cell lymphoma 38C13, T-cell lymphoma EL4, and also other cells. Compds. with a free SH group are required for survival and growth of 38C13 cells but not of EL4 cells. Thiol deprivation (2-mercaptoethanol concns. ￡ 0.3 mM) induced apoptosis in 38C13 cells. On the other hand, thiol excess (2-mercaptoethanol concns. > 300 mM) induced apoptosis in 38C13 cells and EL4 cells as well as in other cells (e.g. Raji, HeLa). L-Cystine and non-thiol antioxidant ascorbic acid were unable to support survival of 38C13 cells. Ascorbic acid induced cell death at concns. > 600 mM. Thiol crosslinking compd. diamide (100 mM and higher) abrogated the survival-supporting effect of 2-mercaptoethanol (50 mM). Apoptosis induction by thiol deprivation and by thiol excess was not directly related to a specific significant change in the p53 level or p53 activation. Apoptosis induction by thiol excess was assocd. with a certain decrease in the Bcl-2 level while the Bax level did not change. The authors conclude that both thiol deprivation and thiol excess can induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells. Apoptosis induction by thiol deprivation is specifically related to the presence of a free SH group. However, apoptosis induction by thiol excess does not seem to be specifically related to the presence of a free SH group. It probably results from the excess of a reductant. Apoptotic control protein p53 does not seem to play a significant role in apoptosis induction either by thiol deprivation or by thiol excess.