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Nicorandil

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Name

Nicorandil

EINECS 265-514-1
CAS No. 65141-46-0 Density 1.331 g/cm3
PSA 97.04000 LogP 0.93380
Solubility N/A Melting Point 92 °C
Formula C8H9N3O4 Boiling Point 456.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 211.177 Flash Point 230 °C
Transport Information N/A Appearance White solid
Safety 26-39 Risk Codes 22-41
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 65141-46-0 (Nicorandil) Hazard Symbols Xn
Synonyms

2-Nicotinamidoethylnitrate;Dancor;Ikorel;N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate;N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate ester;N-(2-Nitrooxyethyl)nicotinamide;3-Pyridinecarboxamide,N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-;Perisalol;SG 75;Sigmart;U 64417;

Article Data 12

Nicorandil Synthetic route

6265-73-2

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nitric acid; urea; europium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate at 70℃; for 6h; Schlenk technique;86%
With nitric acid; propionic acid; propionic acid anhydride at 0 - 30℃; for 3.5h; Temperature;85.9%
With nitric acid at -5℃; for 2h;40%
Stage #1: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide With nitric acid; acetic anhydride; acetic acid at 15 - 22℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With ammonia In water at 5 - 35℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity;
40055-37-6

2-(pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole

110-46-3

isopentyl nitrite

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 1,4-dioxane at 100℃; for 5h;80%
40055-37-6

2-(pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylnitrite; oxygen In 1,4-dioxane at 60℃; Sealed tube; Green chemistry;73%
540-80-7

tert.-butylnitrite

40055-37-6

2-(pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene at 100℃; for 5h;60%
20260-53-1

pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride hydrochloride

4665-58-1

2-nitroxyethylammonium nitrate

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine at 5 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #1: pyridine-3-carbonyl chloride hydrochloride; 2-nitroxyethylammonium nitrate With pyridine at 5 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: With sodium hydrogencarbonate In chloroform
614-18-6

3-pyridinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 18 h / 20 - 55 °C
2: nitric acid / 2 h / -5 °C
View Scheme
100-54-9

pyridine-3-carbonitrile

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: zinc(II) chloride / chlorobenzene / 36 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux
2: tert.-butylnitrite; oxygen / 1,4-dioxane / 60 °C / Sealed tube; Green chemistry
View Scheme
500-22-1

3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde

65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: tetra-N-butylammonium tribromide / ethanol / 1 h / 20 °C
2: 1,4-dioxane / 5 h / 100 °C
View Scheme
65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

69-72-7

salicylic acid

C8H9N3O4*C7H6O3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetonitrile Solvent;95%
In water at 20℃; for 48h;55.9%
65141-46-0

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide

65141-47-1

N-(2-nitroxyethyl)isonicotinamide

palladium dichloride

trans-[(2-nitroxyethyl)isonicotinamide-N'][(2-nitroxyethyl)nicotinamide-N]dichloropalladium(II)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With conc. HCl In ethanol; water aq. soln. of PdCl2 added to a soln. of equimolar amts. of the ligands ina mixt.of EtOH:H2O (3:1) at 20-30°C; then conc. HCl added to pH 2-2.5; stirred for 2 h; ppt. filtered off, washed with water and EtOH, and dried in air; elem. anal.;94%

Nicorandil Chemical Properties

Structure of Nicorandil (CAS NO.65141-46-0):

IUPAC Name: 2-(pyridine-3-carbonylamino)ethyl nitrate 
Empirical Formula: C8H9N3O4
Molecular Weight: 211.1748 
EINECS: 265-514-1 
Index of Refraction: 1.547
Molar Refractivity: 50.36 cm3
Molar Volume: 158.6 cm3
Polarizability: 19.96×10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 55.2 dyne/cm
Density: 1.331 g/cm3
Flash Point: 230 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 71.67 kJ/mol 
Melting Point: 92°C
Boiling Point: 456.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 1.58E-08 mmHg at 25°C 
Physical Appearance: White solid 
Product Categories: Pharmaceutical;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Potassium channel 
Synonyms of Nicorandil (CAS NO.65141-46-0): 2-(Nicotinamido)ethyl nitrat ; 2-Nicotinamidoethyl nitrate ; 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, N-(2-(nitroxy)ethyl)- ; N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate ; Nicorandilum

Nicorandil Uses

 Nicorandil (CAS NO.65141-46-0) is used as an antianginal .

Nicorandil Production

 Nicorandil acts by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessels, especially those of the venous system. It does this through two methods. Firstly, by activating potassium channels, and secondly by donating nitric oxide to activate the enzyme guanylate cyclase. Guanylate cyclase causes activation of GMP leading to both arterial and venous vasodilatation. As it is selective for vascular potassium channels, it has no significant action on cardiac contractility and conduction.
Although it can dilate the coronary vessels of a healthy individual, its effects on the coronary vessels of someone with ischaemic heart disease will be little as they will already be completely dilated. Instead, it dilates the venous system, reducing preload and the work of the heart.

Nicorandil Toxicity Data With Reference

1.    

orl-rat LD50:1220 mg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.
2.    

ipr-rat LD50:1100 mg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.
3.    

scu-rat LD50:1200 mg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.
4.    

orl-mus LD50:1150 mg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.
5.    

ipr-mus LD50:990 mg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.
6.    

scu-mus LD50:1350 mg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.
7.    

orl-dog LD50:62,500 µg/kg

    YKYUA6    Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. 35 (1984),1627.

Nicorandil Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRATES.

Nicorandil Specification

 Common side effects include flushing, palpitation, weakness, headache, mouth ulcers, nausea and vomiting. More recently peri-anal, ileal and peri-stomal ulceration has been reported as a side effect. Anal ulceration is now included in the British National Formulary as a reported side effect. It can also give the feeling of severe toothache, and nasal congestion.

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