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Acetamide

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Name

Acetamide

EINECS 200-473-5
CAS No. 60-35-5 Density 0.947 g/cm3
PSA 43.09000 LogP 0.19190
Solubility 2000 g/L (20 °C) in water Melting Point 78-80 °C(lit.)
Formula C2H5NO Boiling Point 221.1 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 59.0678 Flash Point 90.1 °C
Transport Information UN 3077 9/PG 3 Appearance colourless deliquescent crystals
Safety 36/37 Risk Codes 40
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 60-35-5 (Acetamide) Hazard Symbols HarmfulXn
Synonyms

Aceticacid amide;Acetimidic acid;Ethanamide;Ethanimidic acid;Methanecarboxamide;NSC 25945;

Article Data 547

Acetamide Synthetic route

75-05-8

acetonitrile

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With manganese(IV) oxide; water In isopropyl alcohol at 70℃; under 5171.62 Torr; for 0.25h;99%
With C43H42Cl2NRu; water at 20℃; for 4h; Catalytic behavior;99%
With (PN3P)Ni(OH); water In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; for 24h; Mechanism; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube;99%

α-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone sodium

A

60-35-5

acetamide

B

517-23-7

3-acetyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethyl hydrazine hydrochloride In methanol at 10 - 20℃; for 2h; Temperature;A 98.9%
B 98.29%

C4H11NO2

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium at 90℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Pressure; Time; Autoclave;98.5%
79-20-9

acetic acid methyl ester

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium hydroxide at 36℃; under 525.053 Torr; for 8h; Temperature; Pressure;98%
With ammonia; water
64-19-7

acetic acid

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Candida antarctica lipase B; ammonium carbamate In various solvent(s) at 35℃; for 72h; Substitution;98%
With ammonia; zirconium(IV) oxide In benzene at 150℃;97%
With ammonium hydroxide; tin(IV) oxide at 200℃;3%
62-55-5

thioacetamide

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bismuth(III) nitrate In acetonitrile for 0.166667h; Heating;97%
With tetrabutylammonium periodite In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.0333333h;96%
With Oxone for 0.0833333h;95%
79-07-2

Chloroacetamide

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With borohydride exchange resin; nickel diacetate In methanol for 1h; Ambient temperature;97%

C8H11NO2

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium at 140℃; for 5h; Autoclave;96.2%

C9H13NO2

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium at 140℃; for 4h; Autoclave;95.6%
120157-98-4

N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)acetamide

60-35-5

acetamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With trifluoroacetic acid In dichloromethane for 1h; Ambient temperature;95%

Acetamide Specification

The IUPAC name of this chemical is acetamide. With the CAS registry number 60-35-5 and EINECS 200-473-5, it is also named as Acetic acid amide. The product's categories are Pharmaceutical Intermediates; Acetamide. It is colourless deliquescent crystals which is soluble in liquid ammonia, aliphatic amines, water, alcohol, pyridine, chloroform, glycerol, hot benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, isoamyl alcohol, slightly soluble in benzene, insoluble in ether. It will produce toxic nitrogen oxide fumes when buring. So the storage environment should be well-ventilated, low-temperature and dry.

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)ACD/LogP: -1.23; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.23; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.23; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 5.08; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 5.08; (9)#H bond acceptors: 2; (10)#H bond donors: 2; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (12)Polar Surface Area: 20.31 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.392; (14)Molar Refractivity: 14.87 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 62.3 cm3; (16)Surface Tension: 29.9 dyne/cm; (17)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 45.76 kJ/mol; (18)Vapour Pressure: 0.109 mmHg at 25°C; (19)Tautomer Count: 2; (20)Exact Mass: 59.037114; (21)MonoIsotopic Mass: 59.037114; (22)Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.1; (23)Heavy Atom Count: 4; (24)Complexity: 33.

Preparation of Acetamide: In laboratory, it can be obtained by dehydration of ammonium acetate: CH3COONH4 → CH3CONH2 + H2O. It is also typically produced by hydrolysis of acetonitrile in industry: CH3CN + H2O → CH3C(O)NH2.

Uses of Acetamide: It is used as plasticizer, stabilizing agent, analytical reagent and industrial solvent. It is also used in organic synthesis, pharmacy industry and dye preparation. Besides, it can react with propionyl chloride to get acetyl-propionyl-amine. This reaction needs reagent pyridine by heating. The reaction time is 1 hours. The yield is 72%.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It has limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. If you want to contact this product, you must wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.

People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure. 
1. SMILES:O=C(N)C
2. InChI:InChI=1/C2H5NO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H2,3,4)
3. InChIKey:DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYAC

The following are the toxicity data which has been tested.

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
chicken LDLo intravenous 33410mg/kg (33410mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 20, Pg. 1242, 1970.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Vol. 62, Pg. 911, 1979.
mouse LD50 intravenous 10gm/kg (10000mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(1), Pg. 42S, 1968.
mouse LD50 oral 12900mg/kg (12900mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(1), Pg. 42S, 1968.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 8300mg/kg (8300mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)

CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: "SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXANT (MECHANISM UNDEFINED, SPASMOLYTIC)"
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 4, Pg. 451, 1970.
rabbit LD50 intravenous 7500mg/kg (7500mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(1), Pg. 42S, 1968.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 10300mg/kg (10300mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 20, Pg. 1242, 1970.
rat LD50 intravenous 12500mg/kg (12500mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 64(1), Pg. 42S, 1968.
rat LD50 oral 7gm/kg (7000mg/kg)   Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Vol. 4, Pg. 219, 1962.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 10gm/kg (10000mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: "SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXANT (MECHANISM UNDEFINED, SPASMOLYTIC)"

CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 4, Pg. 451, 1970.
rat LD50 unreported 2300mg/kg (2300mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 18, Pg. 645, 1968.
 

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