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Acetylene

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Name

Acetylene

EINECS 200-816-9
CAS No. 74-86-2 Density 0.568 g/cm3
PSA 0.00000 LogP 0.24940
Solubility 0.106 g/100 mL in water Melting Point -88°C
Formula C2H2 Boiling Point -28°C
Molecular Weight 26.0379 Flash Point -18°C
Transport Information UN 1001 Appearance colorless gas with a faint garlic-like odor
Safety 9-16-33 Risk Codes 5-6-12
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 74-86-2 (Acetylene) Hazard Symbols HighlyF+
Synonyms

Acetylene(8CI);Vinylene (7CI);Ethine;Narcylen;

Article Data 1178

Acetylene Synthetic route

188290-36-0

thiophene

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
under 1 Torr; Product distribution; plasma desulfurization: 10-100 W;100%
75-20-7

calcium carbide

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water Hydrolysis;100%
With water In water decompn.;;
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Ca; at 2275°C pressure of H2 1 atm;;

Lu0.5La0.5C2

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

74-84-0

ethane

C

74-85-1

ethene

D

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) hydrolysis in water vapor (11.0E2 Nm**2);A 0.1%
B 1.13%
C 2.2%
D 96.5%
In neat (no solvent) hydrolysis of the annealed sample in water vapor (11.0E2 Nm**2);A 0.11%
B 5.2%
C 2.5%
D 92.2%
1165952-92-0

cyclohexa-1,4-diene

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; silica gel; Pt/Al2O3 at 170℃; for 48h; examination of hydrogenation var. time and reag;;95%
115-19-5

2-methyl-but-3-yn-2-ol

A

67-64-1

acetone

B

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
potassium hydroxide In water at 80 - 84℃; for 12 - 45h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 93.8%
B 95%
With [Mg0751Al0.249(OH)2](C(01)O3)25*0.71H2O at 149.84℃; under 3000.3 Torr; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Inert atmosphere;

Ce0.50Er0.50C2

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

74-84-0

ethane

C

74-85-1

ethene

D

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) hydrolysis in water vapor (11.0E2 Nm**2);A 0.03%
B 2.7%
C 2.7%
D 94.6%

Ho0.50La0.50C2

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

74-84-0

ethane

C

74-85-1

ethene

D

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) hydrolysis in water vapor (11.0E2 Nm**2);A 0.12%
B 4.6%
C 2.8%
D 92.4%

holmium dicarbide

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

74-84-0

ethane

C

74-85-1

ethene

D

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) hydrolysis in water vapor (11.0E2 Nm**-2);A 0.9%
B 1.8%
C 5.21%
D 92.1%
420-12-2

thirane

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

74-85-1

ethene

C

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In gas Quantum yield; Mechanism; Irradiation;A n/a
B 90%
C n/a
142-30-3

2,5-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne

A

67-64-1

acetone

B

74-86-2

acetylene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
potassium fluoride on basic alumina at 100℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity; Neat (no solvent);A 90%
B n/a
With potassium hydroxide at 100℃; for 2h; Neat (no solvent);A 89%
B n/a

Acetylene History

In 1836, Acetylene was discovered  by Edmund Davy who identified it as a "new carburet of hydrogen".
In 1860, it was rediscovered  by French chemist Marcellin Berthelot, who coined the name "acetylene". Berthelot was able to prepare this gas by passing vapours of organic compounds (methanol, ethanol, etc.) through a red-hot tube and collecting the effluent. He also found acetylene was formed by sparking electricity through mixed cyanogen and hydrogen gases. He was also able to form acetylene directly by combining pure hydrogen with carbon using electrical discharge of a carbon arc.

Acetylene Consensus Reports

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Acetylene Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: CL 2500 ppm
ACGIH TLV: Simple asphyxiant
NIOSH REL: (Acetylene) 10H TWA no exposure >2500 ppm
DOT Classification:  Forbidden; DOT Class 2.1; Label: Flammable Gas

Acetylene Specification

The Acetylene, with the CAS registry number 74-86-2, is also known as Ethyne. It belongs to the product categories of Industrial/Fine Chemicals; Organics. Its EINECS registry number is 200-816-9. This chemical's molecular formula is C2H2 and molecular weight is 26.04. Its IUPAC name is called acetylene. What's more, this chemical's classification code is Human Data. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. It is unstable in pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution.

Physical properties of Acetylene: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.37; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.37; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.37; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.13; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.13; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 37.87; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 37.87; (8)Index of Refraction: 1.315; (9)Molar Refractivity: 8.96 cm3; (10)Molar Volume: 45.7 cm3; (11)Surface Tension: 16 dyne/cm; (12)Density: 0.568 g/cm3; (13)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 21.12 kJ/mol; (14)Vapour Pressure: 69700 mmHg at 25°C.

Preparation of Acetylene: Today acetylene is mainly manufactured by the partial combustion of methane or appears as a side product in the ethylene stream from cracking of hydrocarbons. It was prepared by the hydrolysis of calcium carbide. calcium carbide production requires extremely high temperatures, ~2000 °C, necessitating the use of an electric arc furnace:

CaC2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

Uses of Acetylene: this colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. Walter Reppe discovered that in the presence of metal catalysts, acetylene can react to give a wide range of industrially significant chemicals. It can react with alcohols, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, or carboxylic acids to give vinyl compounds; with aldehydes to give ethynyl diols; with carbon monoxide to give acrylic acid, or acrylic esters, which can be used to produce acrylic glass; cyclicization to give benzene and cyclooctatetraene. 1,4-Butynediol is produced industrially in this way from formaldehyde and acetylene:

1,4-Butynediol is produced industrially in this way from formaldehyde and acetylene

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
This chemical is extremely flammable. It may explosive with or without contact with air. In addition, you should keep container in a well-ventilated place and away from sources of ignition - No smoking. When using it, please take precautionary measures against static discharges.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: C#C
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/C2H2/c1-2/h1-2H
(3)InChIKey: HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
human LCLo inhalation 50pph/5M (500000ppm)   Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933.
human TCLo inhalation 20pph (200000ppm) BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 67, 1969.
mammal (species unspecified) LCLo inhalation 50pph/5M (500000ppm)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928.

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