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| CAS No.: | 2086-83-1 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Berberine |
| Molecular Structure: | |
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| Formula: | C20H18NO4 |
| Molecular Weight: | 336.367 |
| Synonyms: | Berbinium,7,8,13,13a-tetradehydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2,3-(methylenedioxy)- (8CI);Umbellatine(6CI);Berbericine;Berberin;Majarine;Thalsine;Umbellatin;5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium; |
| EINECS: | 218-229-1 |
| Density: | 1.2976 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point: | 204-206 °C (dec.) |
| Boiling Point: | 486.8°C (rough estimate) |
| Solubility: | SOLUBLE IN COLD WATER |
| Appearance: | Yellow |
| Transport Information: | UN 1544 |
| PSA: | 40.80000 |
| LogP: | 3.09630 |

C21H19NO6


berberine

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sodium cyanoborohydride In methanol | 96% |

canadine


berberine

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With iodine In ethanol at 20℃; | 90% |
| Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: 81 percent / mCPBA / CHCl3 / 20 °C 2.1: TFAA / CH2Cl2 / -30 - 20 °C 2.2: NaOAc / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.5 h / 20 °C View Scheme | |
| With (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase; tris hydrochloride at 37℃; for 2h; pH=8.8; Enzymatic reaction; |


berberine

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With methanesulfonyl chloride; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 6h; | 88% |

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: (+/-)-trans-canadine N-oxide With trifluoroacetic anhydride In dichloromethane at -30 - 20℃; Elimination; Polonovski-Potier reaction; Stage #2: potassium cyanide With sodium acetate In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 0.5h; Addition; tautomerization; aromatization; | A n/a B 29% |


canadine

A

oxyberberine

B

berberine

C

3-<3,4-dihydro-1-oxo-6,7-(methylenedioxy)-2H-isoquinolin-2-yl>-4,5-dimethoxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With iodosylbenzene; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h; | A 6% B 15% C 25% |


| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With (S)-protoberberine oxidase; oxygen Equilibrium constant; enzyme activity for the substrate; |

9,10-dimethoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-dioxolano[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinoline-8-carbonitrile


berberine

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: NaBH4 2.1: 81 percent / mCPBA / CHCl3 / 20 °C 3.1: TFAA / CH2Cl2 / -30 - 20 °C 3.2: NaOAc / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.5 h / 20 °C View Scheme |

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1.1: NaBH4 / methanol 2.1: 81 percent / mCPBA / CHCl3 / 20 °C 3.1: TFAA / CH2Cl2 / -30 - 20 °C 3.2: NaOAc / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.5 h / 20 °C View Scheme | |
| Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1.1: 95 percent / methanol; H2O 2.1: NaBH4 3.1: 81 percent / mCPBA / CHCl3 / 20 °C 4.1: TFAA / CH2Cl2 / -30 - 20 °C 4.2: NaOAc / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.5 h / 20 °C View Scheme | |
| With sodium tetrahydroborate In pyridine at 20℃; |

C21H21NO6


berberine

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 93 percent / silver carbonate / benzene / Heating 2: 96 percent / sodium cyanoborohydride / methanol View Scheme |

spirobenzylisoquinoline


berberine

| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 94 percent / methanol / Ambient temperature 2: 93 percent / silver carbonate / benzene / Heating 3: 96 percent / sodium cyanoborohydride / methanol View Scheme |
The Berberine, with the CAS registry number 2086-83-1, is also known as 5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium. Its EINECS number is 211-195-9. This chemical's molecular formula is C20H18NO4 and molecular weight is 336.37. What's more, its systematic name is 9,10-Dimethoxy-5,6-dihydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinolin-7-ium. Its classification code is Mutation data. This chemical is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells because of a strong yellow fluorescence. As a traditional medicine or dietary supplement, it has showed some activity against fungal infections, Candida albicans, yeast, parasites and bacterial/viral infections. Berberine is considered as an ineffective antibiotic and is a component of some eye drop formulations.
Physical properties of Berberine are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.053; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.05; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.05; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 25.46; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 25.46; (9)#H bond acceptors: 5; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 2; (12)Polar Surface Area: 40.8 Å2.
Preparation: this chemical can be prepared by C21H19NO6. This reaction will need reagent sodium cyanoborohydride and solvent methanol. The yield is about 96%.

Uses of Berberine: it can be used to produce 9,10-dimethoxy-5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline by heating. It will need reagents In, aq. NH4Cl and solvent ethanol with the reaction time of 10 hours. The yield is about 83%.
![Berberine can be used to produce 9,10-dimethoxy-5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline by heating](/UserFilesUpload/Uses of Berberine.jpeg)
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: O1c2c(OC1)cc5c(c2)c4cc3ccc(OC)c(OC)c3c[n+]4CC5
(2)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C20H18NO4/c1-22-17-4-3-12-7-16-14-9-19-18(24-11-25-19)8-13(14)5-6-21(16)10-15(12)20(17)23-2/h3-4,7-10H,5-6,11H2,1-2H3/q+1
(3)Std. InChIKey: YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 329mg/kg (329mg/kg) | Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 82, Pg. 726, 1962. | |
| mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 18mg/kg (18mg/kg) | Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 31, Pg. 129, 1968. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
| rat | LD | intraperitoneal | > 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) | National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Chemical-Biological Coordination Center, Review. Vol. 5, Pg. 17, 1953. |