- Novel environment-friendly production process for preparing amine product and H - acid through silane chemical reduction of several nitro compounds
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The invention relates to the field of new materials for fine chemicals, and relates to a reduction reaction of a series of nitro compounds, in particular to m-nitroaniline. Several particular important amine compounds such as m-phenylenediamine, 5 - amino o-cresol, 2 - methyl p-phenylenediamine, 1/2 - naphthylamine, H - acid amine and 2, 4, 6 - trimethyl-M-phenylenediamine are prepared from the corresponding mono-or double-nitro compound precursors with a new environmental protection production process technology of and acids derived from the novel process technology. H.
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Paragraph 0037-0042
(2021/09/08)
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- Pd-Pt/modified GO as an efficient and selective heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to amino aromatic compounds by the hydrogen source
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In this work, different nitroaromatic compounds were successfully reduced to their corresponding aromatic amines with excellent conversion and selectivity in methanol at 50?°C by using Pd-Pt nanoparticles immobilized on the modified grapheme oxide (m-GO) and hydrogen as the reducing source. The catalytic efficiency of Pd and Pd-Pt loading on the modified GO was investigated for the reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds, and the Pd-Pt/m-GO system demonstrated the highest conversion and selectivity. The catalyst was characterized by different techniques including FT-IR, Raman, UV–Vis, XRD, BET, XPS, FESEM, EDS, and TEM. The metal nanoparticles with the size of less than 10?nm were uniformly distributed on the m-GO. The catalyst could be reused at least five times without losing activity, showing the stability of the catalyst structure. Finally, the efficiency of the prepared catalyst was compared with Pd-Pt/AC, and Pd-Pt/GO catalysts.
- Salahshournia, Hossein,Ghiaci, Mehran
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- A capping agent dissolution method for the synthesis of metal nanosponges and their catalytic activity towards nitroarene reduction under mild conditions
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We report a general strategy for the synthesis of metal nanosponges (M = Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, and Cu) using a capping agent dissolution method where addition of water to the M@BNHx nanocomposite affords the metal nanosponges. The B-H bond of the BNHx polymer gets hydrolysed upon addition of water and produces hydrogen gas bubbles which act as dynamic templates leading to the formation of nanosponges. The rate of B-H bond hydrolysis has a direct impact on the final nanostructure of the materials. The metal nanosponges were characterized using powder XRD, electron microscopy, XPS, and BET surface area analyzer techniques. The porous structure of these nanosponges offers a large number of accessible surface sites for catalytic reactions. The catalytic activity of these metal nanosponges has been demonstrated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol where palladium exhibits the highest catalytic activity (k = 0.314 min?1). The catalytic activity of palladium nanosponge was verified for the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and the hydrogenation of nitroarenes to arylamines in methanol at room temperature. The reduction of various substituted nitroarenes was proven to be functional group tolerant except for a few halogenated nitroarenes (X = Br and I) and >99% conversion was noted within 30-60 min with high turnover frequencies (TOF) at low catalyst loading (0.1 mol%). The catalyst could be easily separated out from the reaction mixture via centrifugation and was recyclable over several cycles, retaining its porous structure.
- Ghosh, Sourav,Jagirdar, Balaji R.
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p. 17401 - 17411
(2019/01/03)
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- Gold nanoparticles anchored onto the magnetic poly(ionic-liquid) polymer as robust and recoverable catalyst for reduction of Nitroarenes
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Gold nanoparticles supported on poly ionic-liquid magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@PIL@Au) were synthesized by reduction of HAuCl4 with sodium borohydride. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using by AAS, TEM, FT-IR, EDS, TGA and XRD techniques. The performance of the synthesized catalyst was investigated in the reduction of nitroarenes with NaBH4. The reaction was carried out for various nitroarenes in water and mild conditions with high yields. The catalyst selectivity for the reduction of nitro group in the presences of other functional groups such as halides and alkynes was fairly well. The recycling of the catalyst was done 8 times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
- Moghaddam, Firouz Matloubi,Ayati, Seyed Ebrahim,Firouzi, Hamid Reza,Hosseini, Seyed Hassan,Pourjavadi, Ali
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- Unique Chemoselective Hydrogenation using a Palladium Catalyst Immobilized on Ceramic
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A heterogeneous palladium catalyst supported on a ceramic (5 % Pd/ceramic) was developed. The catalyst exhibited a specific chemoselectivity for hydrogenation that has never been achieved by other palladium-catalyzed methods. Either aliphatic or aromatic N-Cbz groups could be deprotected to the corresponding free-amines, while the hydrogenolysis of benzyl esters and ethers did not proceed. Furthermore, aryl chlorides and epoxides were tolerant under the Pd/ceramic-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions. 5 % Pd/ceramic could be reused without any loss of catalyst activity, as no palladium leaching was detected in the reaction media.
- Monguchi, Yasunari,Marumoto, Takahisa,Ichikawa, Tomohiro,Miyake, Yutaka,Nagae, Yoshiyuki,Yoshida, Michiyuki,Oumi, Yasunori,Sawama, Yoshinari,Sajiki, Hironao
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p. 2155 - 2160
(2015/11/24)
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- Structure-Activity and Structure-Property Relationship and Exploratory in Vivo Evaluation of the Nanomolar Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor
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Directly disrupting the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is an effective way to activate Nrf2. Using the potent Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor that was reported by our group, we conducted a preliminary investigation of the structure-activity and structure-property relationships of the ring systems to improve the drug-like properties. Compound 18e, which bore p-acetamido substituents on the side chain phenyl rings, was the best choice for balancing PPI inhibition activity, physicochemical properties, and cellular Nrf2 activity. Cell-based experiments with 18e showed that the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor can activate Nrf2 and induce the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins in an Nrf2-dependent manner. An exploratory in vivo experiment was carried out to further evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of 18e in a LPS-challenged mouse model. The primary results indicated that 18e could reduce the level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS and relieve the inflammatory response. (Chemical Equation Presented).
- Jiang, Zheng-Yu,Xu, Li-Li,Lu, Meng-Chen,Chen, Zhi-Yun,Yuan, Zhen-Wei,Xu, Xiao-Li,Guo, Xiao-Ke,Zhang, Xiao-Jin,Sun, Hao-Peng,You, Qi-Dong
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p. 6410 - 6421
(2015/09/08)
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- A synthetic and mechanistic investigation into the cobalt(i) catalyzed amination of aryl halides
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Employing first-row transition metals in catalytic two-electron transformations remains a synthetic challenge. In order to overcome the common and often deleterious single-electron reactivity, an electron rich ligand was targeted on cobalt. Herein, we report the Co(i) catalyzed amination of aryl halides with lithium hexamethyldisilazide. This transformation features (PPh3)3CoCl (1) as the catalyst and affords structurally diverse and electronically varied primary arylamines in good chemical yields, with the scope of the reaction featuring arylamines that cannot be synthesized via traditional metal-catalyzed amination routes, including 4-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester. Stoichiometric reactivity revealed that (PPh3)2CoN(SiMe3)2 (2) is likely generated within the catalytic cycle and could be independently synthesized from the reaction of (PPh3)3CoCl with LiN(SiMe3)2. Catalytic reactivity featuring the Co-amide complex, (PPh3)2CoN(SiMe3)2, showed that it is a competent catalyst, implying that the (PPh3)3CoCl may be serving as a pre-catalyst in the reaction. Both stoichiometric and kinetic studies support the catalytic cycle involving a Co(i) complex. Catalytic reactions featuring Co(ii) complexes resulted in undesired biaryl formation, a product that is not observed under standard catalytic conditions and any productive catalytic reactivity likely arises from an in situ reduction of Co(ii) to Co(i). A Hammett study was carried out to differentiate between a closed-shell or radical mechanism, the results of which are consistent with the proposed closed-shell mechanism. Initial studies indicate that this reactivity may be expanded to other bulky nucleophiles. This journal is
- Brennan, Marshall R.,Kim, Dongyoung,Fout, Alison R.
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p. 4831 - 4839
(2015/02/19)
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- Systematic evaluation of the palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation under flow conditions
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Four types of heterogeneous Pd catalysts (10% Pd/C, 10% Pd/HP20, 0.5% Pd/MS3A, and 0.3% Pd/BN) were applied to the flow hydrogenation to systematically evaluate the appropriate conditions for the reduction of a wide variety of reducible functionalities. The use of 10% Pd/C and 10% Pd/HP20 allowed the hydrogenation of various reducible functionalities by a single-pass of the substrate-MeOH solution through the catalyst cartridge, while 0.5% Pd/MS3A and 0.3% Pd/BN catalyzed a novel chemoselective hydrogenation; only alkene, alkyne, azide, and nitro functionalities could be reduced with other coexisting reducible functionalities intact.
- Hattori, Tomohiro,Tsubone, Aya,Sawama, Yoshinari,Monguchi, Yasunari,Sajiki, Hironao
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p. 4790 - 4798
(2014/06/24)
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- Process for the production of the toluene diisocyanate
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The invention relates to a process for the production of toluene diisocyanate, in which the crude toluenediamine obtained from the hydrogenation is purified and then phosgenated. The purification step reduces the total amount of cyclic ketones to less than 0.1 % by weight, based on 100% by weight of the toluenediamine.
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Page/Page column 5; 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Clean and efficient hydrogenative cleavage of azo compounds using polymer-supported formate and zinc
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Azo compounds, both symmetric and asymmetric, were chemoselectively reduced to the corresponding amine(s) using recyclable polymer-supported formate as a hydrogen donor in the presence of zinc at room temperature. Copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc.
- Srinivasa,Abiraj,Channe Gowda
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p. 1161 - 1165
(2007/10/03)
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- Polymer-supported formate and magnesium: An efficient transfer hydrogenation system for the facile reduction of azo compounds
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A mild and efficient method was developed for the chemo-selective reduction of azo compounds to the corresponding amine/s using recyclable polymer-supported formate as hydrogen donor in the presence of low cost magnesium powder at room temperature.
- Srinivasa,Abiraj,Gowda, D. Channe
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p. 123 - 125
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium-catalyzed simple and efficient hydrogenative cleavage of azo compounds using recyclable polymer-supported formate
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Palladium-catalyzed room temperature transfer hydrogenation of azo compounds using recyclable polymer-supported formate as the hydrogen donor produces corresponding amine(s) in excellent yields (88%-98%). This method was found to be highly facile with selectivity over a number of other functional groups such as halogen, alkene, nitrile, carbonyl, amide, methoxy, and hydroxyl.
- Abiraj, Keelara,Srinivasa, Gejjalagere R.,Gowda, D. Channe
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p. 517 - 520
(2007/10/03)
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- Hydrogenative cleavage of azo compounds catalyzed by commercial zinc dust using ammonium acetate
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Addition of ammonium acetate followed by commercial zinc dust to the solution of azo compounds in methanol appears to offer a general and convenient means for reducing both symmetrical and unsymmetrical azo compounds to the corresponding amine/s at ambient temperature. Many other reducible and hydrogenolysable groups like -OCH3, -OH, -COOH, -CH3, -COCH3 and halogens are tolerated. The reduction is fast, clean, high yielding and inexpensive compared to earlier methods.
- Srinivasa,Abiraj,Gowda, D. Channe
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p. 192 - 195
(2007/10/03)
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- Facile Transfer Hydrogenation of Azo Compounds to Hydrazo Compounds and Anilines by Using Raney Nickel and Hydrazinium Monoformate
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Azo compounds are conveniently reduced to either partially reduced hydrazo compounds or completely reduced anilines by employing Raney nickel in presence of hydrazinium monoformate depending upon reaction conditions. The other reducible moieties like -COOH and halogens are tolerated. The reduction process is selective, rapid and high yielding.
- Prasad,Gowda, Shankare,Gowda, D. Channe
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- Reductive cleavage of azo compounds by zinc and ammonium chloride
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Azo compounds are reduced to corresponding anilines with zinc dust in the presence of ammonium chloride in methanol at room temperature.
- Sridhara,Srinivasa,Gowda, D. Channe
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p. 1441 - 1446
(2007/10/03)
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- 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene derivatives and colorants containing said compounds
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1,3-Dihydroxybenzene derivatives of general formula (I) or (Ia) or physiologically tolerated, water-soluble thereof wherein R′1 denotes substituted pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a group of formula (IIa) or (IIIa) and the dyeing agents for keratin fibers containing these compounds.
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- Nitroarene reduction using Raney nickel alloy with ammonium chloride in water
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Aromatic nitroarenes are reduced in high yields using a user-friendly combination of Raney nickel alloy and ammonium chloride in water at 80-90°C.
- Bhaumik, Kankan,Akamanchi
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p. 197 - 198
(2007/10/03)
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- Rapid cleavage of azo compounds to amine/s using Raney nickel and ammonium formate or formic acid
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Azo compounds, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical are cleaved to amine/s by using Raney nickel and ammonium formate or formic acid in methanol at room temperature. The reductive cleavage is very fast, clean, cost effective and high yielding as compared to earlier methods and many other functionality such as -OH, -CH3 -OCH3, -COOH, -COCH3 and halogen remained unaffected.
- Gowda, D. Channe,Gowda, Shankare,Abiraj
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p. 1774 - 1776
(2007/10/03)
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- Magnesium-catalysed cost effective and rapid reductive cleavage of azo compounds using ammonium formate
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Azo compounds, both symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted, are reduced to the corresponding amine/s with low cost magnesium powder using ammonium formate within 20 minutes.
- Abiraj,Gowda, Shankare,Gowda, D. Channe
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p. 299 - 300
(2007/10/03)
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- Enhanced color deposition for hair with sequestering agents
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Hair coloring compositions which comprise: (A) non-nitrogenous chelating agents from the group consisting of polyphosphate; phosphonates; hydroxycarboxylates; polyacrylates; zeolite; and mixtures thereof; (B) an oxidative dye primary intermediate; and (C) an oxidative dye coupler; (D) and water are described. The present invention also relates to a method for coloring hair which comprises contacting said hair with a hair coloring composition as described above.
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- Means and method for dying keratinic fibers
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Composition for coloring keratin fibers based on a developer-coupler combination characterized in that it contains as the coupler 3-(2,4-diaminophenoxy)-1-propanol and as the developer a p-phenylenediamine derivative monosubstituted on the benzene ring and having general formula (I) ?and/or a 4,5-diamino-1H-pyrazole derivative of general formula (II) ?and/or a p-aminophenol derivative of general formula (III) ?as well as a method for the oxidative coloring of hair, and the use of said composition.
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- Process for separating mixtures of materials having different boiling points
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A mixture of materials having different boiling points is separated into fractions having different boiling points. The separated fraction containing the desired product is stripped using the vapors of a lower boiling fraction. The process of the present invention is particularly useful for recovering a desired isomer or isomer mixture from a technical mixture obtained during production of an aromatic amine such as toluenediamine. Little or no unwanted isomer or by-product is present in the isomer or isomer mixture product of this process.
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Page column 7
(2008/06/13)
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- Reductive cleavage of azo compounds catalyzed by commercial zinc dust using ammonium formate or formic acid
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Azo compounds, both symmetric and unsymmetric, are cleaved to amine(s) by using commercial zinc dust and ammonium formate or formic acid in methanol, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane at room temperature. The reductive cleavage occurs without hydrogenolysis or hydrogenation of reducible moieties, such as -OH, -CH3, -OCH3, -COOH, -COCH3, halogen, etc. The cleavage is very fast, clean, cost effective and high-yielding if compared with earlier methods, such as those using cyclohexene/5% Pd on asbestos, cyclohexene/10% Pd-C or hydrazine/10% Pd-C or Raney nickel.
- Gowda, Shankare,Abiraj,Gowda, D.Channe
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p. 1329 - 1331
(2007/10/03)
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- Reductive cleavage of azo compounds catalysed by commercial zinc dust and hydrazinium monoformate as a new hydrogen donor for heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation
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Azo compounds are reductively cleaved to amine/s at reflux temperature within 15 min by employing less expensive commercial zinc dust and hydrazinium monoformate, a new hydrogen donor for catalytic transfer hydrogenation.
- Gowda, Shankare,Abiraj,Gowda, D. Channe
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p. 384 - 385
(2007/10/03)
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- Indium Mediated Reduction of Nitro and Azide Groups in the Presence of HCl in Aqueous Media
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Indium mediated reduction of azide and nitro groups in the presence of HCl (1.5 equiv based on indium) at room temperature in aqueous THF successfully provided the corresponding amine in high to quantitative yields. Under the some reaction conditions, selective reduction of azide and nitro group in the presence of vinyl group could be accomplished.
- Lee, Jung Gyu,Choi, Kyung Il,Koh, Hun Yeong,Kim, Youseung,Kang, Yonghan,Cho, Yong Seo
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- Process for dyeing keratinous fibers with aminoindoles and oxidation dye precursors at basic Ph's and dyeing agents
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The invention relates to a process for dyeing keratinous fibres, which consists in applying to these fibres a composition containing, in a suitable medium for dyeing, at least one coupler of formula: STR1 where R1 denotes hydrogen or alkyl, R2 and R3 denote hydrogen, alkyl, COOR' where R' is alkyl or hydrogen, at least one of the groups R2 and R3 denoting hydrogen, R4 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl, Z1 and Z2 denote hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, halogen, alkoxy, at least one of the groups Z1 and Z2 is other than hydrogen at least one oxidation dye precursor, at least one oxidizing agent, the pH of the composition applied to the fibres being higher than 7.
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- Methods for dyeing keratinous fibers with compositions which contain aminoindole couplers, oxidation dye precursors, and oxidizing agents at acid pHs
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A method for dyeing keratin fibers, wherein a composition is applied to said fibers which contains, in a suitable dyeing medium, at least one coupler having formula (I) STR1 wherein R1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R2 and R3 are hydrogen, alkyl, COOR', where R' is alkyl or hydrogen; R4 is hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl or acetyl or aminoalkyl wherein the amine may be mono- or disubstituted by alkyl; Z1 and Z2 are hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy or a salt thereof; at least one precursor of an oxidation hair dye; and at least one oxidizing agent, the pH of the composition applied to the fibers being less than 7.
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- Process for dyeing keratinous fibers with 2,4-diamino-1,3-dimethoxybenzene at an acid ph and compositions employed
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Process for dyeing keratinous fibres, especially human keratinous fibres such as the hair, characterised in that a composition containing, in a medium suitable for dyeing, at least 2,4-diamino-1,3-dimethoxybenzene as a coupler; an oxidation dye precursor; and an oxidising agent; is applied to these fibres, the pH of the composition applied to the fibres being less than 7.
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- Process for dyeing keratinous fibres with oxidation bases combined with an iodide and dyeing composition employed
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A process for dyeing keratinous fibers employs a dye composition containing an oxidation base selected from a paraphenylenediamine, an N,N'-diphenylalkylene diamine, a para-aminophenol, an ortho-aminophenol, an ortho-phenylenediamine or a heterocyclic oxidation base, in combination with iodide ions. The application of this dyeing composition to the keratinous fibers is preceded or followed by the application to the fibers of a composition containing hydrogen peroxide.
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- The Willgerodt-Kindler Reactions. 6. Isomerization of the Carbonyl Group in Alkanones and Cycloalkanones
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The most unusual feature of the Willgerodt-Kindler Reactions is the facile isomerization of the carbonyl function along a chain of unbranched methylene groups, or around a cycloaliphatic ring containing several connected methylene groups.We have demonstrated that the first step in the Kindler process is the formation of enamines by reaction of the carbonyl function with secondary aliphatic amines, followed by reaction of the enamine with certain sulfur-amine catalysts to form reactive heterocyclic sulfur intermediates that facilitate the elimination-readdition of the amines reversibly along the chain.It was shown that compounds of the type R2N-S-S-NR2 are effective catalysts but not compounds of the type R2N-S-NR2.Some cyclohexanone derivatives undergo aromatization, with anomalous results in certain cases.
- Carmack, Marvin,Behforouz, Mohammad,Berchtold, Glenn A.,Berkowitz, Samuel M.,Wiesler, Donald,Barone, Ralph
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p. 1305 - 1318
(2007/10/02)
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- Triazinyl reactive dyestuffs in which triazinyl group is further substituted with a beta-chloroethylsulfonyl- or vinylsulfonylbutyrylamino moiety
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Reactive dyes of the formula STR1 in which D is the radical of an organic dye of the monoazo, polyazo, metal complex azo, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, formazan, azomethine, dioxazine, phenazine, stilbene, triphenylmethane, xanthene, thioxanthrone, nitroaryl, naphthoquinone, pyrenequinone or perylenetetracarbimide series, R is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 -alkyl, X is a substituent which is detachable as an anion, B is a radical of the formula STR2 R1 and R2, independently of each other, are hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 -alkyl or phenyl, A is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic bridge member, Y is a --CO--Z or --SO2 --Z radical, Z is an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic reactive radical, and n is 1 or 2, are suitable for dyeing or printing cellulose-containing and nitrogen-containing materials and in high dyeing yield produce dyeings and prints having good fastness properties.
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- NITRO DERIVATIVES OF AROMATIC AZOXY COMPOUNDS. PART I. 2,2'- AND 4,4'-DIMETHYLAZOXYBENZENE NITRATION PRODUCTS
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By nitration of 2,2'-dimethylazoxybenzene (1) with concentrated nitric acid under conditions of increasing severity we obtained in succession nitro derivatives having their nitro groups in position: 4; 3',4 and 2,3',4.From 4,4'-dimethylazoxybenzene (2) we obtained similar products with nitro groups in positions: 2,3' (plus 2,6-isomer) and 2,3',6.Trinitro derivatives were obtained also by nitration of dinitro compounds, while tetranitro derivatives: 2,3',4,5' and 2,3',5',6 were obtained by nitrating trinitro compounds (in the presence of phosphoric acid).By reduction with stannous chloride in a strongly acidic medium we obtained, parallel to monocyclic aromatic amines and the conventional benzidine rearrangement products, also 4,4'-dimethyl-2,3'-diaminoazoxybenzene from dinitro derivative 2b, and 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine from mononitro derivative 1a, the latter being quite unexpected.
- Urbanski, Jerzy,Wolak, Ireneusz
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p. 1035 - 1045
(2007/10/02)
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- N,N'-dihalo-1,4-benzoquinonediimines as antitumor agents
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Ten N,N'-dichloro- and N,N'-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinonediimines have been synthesized and tested against the ascitic from of the Sarcoma 180 tumor in Swiss mice. Although these compounds have nitrogen-halogen bonds they are relatively stable in water at pH 7.0 and 24.8°C and are good cytostatic agents.
- Hodnett,Prakash
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p. 101 - 104
(2007/10/02)
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- Chemical process
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Aromatic amines (e.g., aniline) are selectively alkylated in an ortho nuclear position by reaction with an olefin (e.g., ethylene) in the presence of an aluminum anilide catalyst. Hydrogen halides (e.g., HCl) are added to increase the reaction rate.
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- Triazine dyestuffs
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Reactive azine dyestuffs of the formula: SPC1 Wherein Am is selected from a group consisting of anilino, di(lower alkyl)amino and N(lower alkyl)benzylamino radicals, one of Y1 and Y2 is H or SO3 H and the other is H or an alkyl or alkoxy group of 1-4 carbon atoms, One of X1 or X2 is H, SO3 H, --SO2 CH2 CH2 OSO3 H or --SO2 CH=CH2 and the other is H, an alkyl or alkoxy group of 1-4 carbon atoms, Cl or CO2 H, X3 is H, an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms or SO3 H, when the dotted fused ring is present B is absent and when the dotted fused ring is absent B is H or an alkyl or alkoxy group of 1-4 carbon atoms, At least one of the pendant benzene nuclei contains a NHQ group where Q is a cellulose-reactive group except when X1 or X2 is --SO2 CH2 CH2 OSO3 H or --SO2 CH=CH2 and the dyestuff as a whole contains at least 2 sulphonic acid groups. The products are reactive dyes for cellulose which are colored in strong bright blue or reddish-blue shades of excellent fastness to washing and of a reasonable fastness to light, especially in respect of wet fading.
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