99685-96-8

Basic information

• Product Name: FULLERENE
• Synonyms: C60;CARBON C60;CARBON CLUSTER C60;CARBON 60;FOOTBALLENE;FULLERENE;FULLERENE C60;FULLERENE EXTRACT
• CAS NO: 99685-96-8
• Molecular Formula: C60
• Molecular Weight: 720.64
• Product Categories: C60 & C70;Organic Semiconducting Materials;Functional Materials;olde Materials;OTFT/OFET/OPV Materials;metal or element;fullerene ada@tuskwei.com whatsapp;8618031153937
• Mol File: 99685-96-8.mol
• Article Data: 98

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: >280 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 500-600℃ subl.
• Flash Point: 94 °C
• Appearance: Dark brown to black/sublimed
• Density: 5.568
• Refractive Index: 1.813
• Storage Temp.: Dark Room
• Solubility: organic solvents: soluble
• Water Solubility: Soluble in toluene. Insoluble in water.
• Stability: Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• Merck: 14,1462
• BRN: 5901022
• CAS DataBase Reference: FULLERENE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: FULLERENE(99685-96-8)
• EPA Substance Registry System: FULLERENE(99685-96-8)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 36/37
• Safety Statements: 26-36
• RIDADR: UN1325
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: LS9252500
• HazardClass: 4.1
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 99685-96-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 99685-96-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. High purity carbon 60 fullerenes for use in thermal evaporation systems as either electron acceptors, n-type semiconductors or interface layers.
2. Fullerene powder is useful for biomedical applications such as the design of high-performance MRI contrast agents, x-ray imaging contrast agents and photodynamic therapy. It is also essential for single-walled carbon nanotubes with narrow diameter-distribution. It is used as light-activated antimicrobial agent. It also finds application in the field of nanotechnology, heat resistance and superconductivity.

References

[1] K. Tanigaki, T. W. Ebbesen, S. Saito, J. Mizuki, J. S. Tsai, Kubo & S. Kuroshima (1991) Superconductivity at 33 K in CsxRbyC60, Nature, 352, 222-223 [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene [3] B. C. Yadav, Ritesh Kumar (2008) Structure, properties and applications of fullerenes, International Journal of Nanotechnology and Applications, 2, 15-24

Chemical Properties

black to brown crystalline powder

General Description

This product has been enhanced for energy efficiency.

InChI:InChI:1S/C60/c1-2-5-6-3(1)8-12-10-4(1)9-11-7(2)17-21-13(5)23-24-14(6)22-18(8)28-20(12)30-26-16(10)15(9)25-29-19(11)27(17)37-41-31(21)33(23)43-44-34(24)32(22)42-38(28)48-40(30)46-36(26)35(25)45-39(29)47(37)55-49(41)51(43)57-52(44)50(42)56(48)59-54(46)53(45)58(55)60(57)59

Upstream product

• 198-55-0 PERYLENE 
• 776-74-9 Bromodiphenylmethane 
• 142482-13-1 1,2-Dihydro<60>fullerene 
• 219720-26-0 tert-butyl 61-diphenylmethylideneamino-1,2-methano[60]fullerene-61-carboxylate 
• 151569-29-8 C₇₄H₁₀ 
• 7440-05-3 palladium 
• 67-66-3 chloroform 
• 106-99-0 buta-1,3-diene 
• 1120395-94-9 3,8,13-tribromo-5,10,15-tris-naphthalen-2-ylmethylene-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1',2'-c]fluorene 
• 7440-44-0 pyrographite 
• 13463-40-6 iron pentacarbonyl 
• 16774-21-3 ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate 
• 177904-73-3 penta(cyclopentadienyl)-η(5)-cyclopentadienylmanganesetricarbonyl 

Downstream Products

• 150493-27-9 ethyl 3′H-cyclopropa[1,9](C₆₀-I_h)[5,6]fullerene-3′-carboxylate 
• 156551-17-6 1-(dimethylphenylsilylmethyl)-1,9-dihydro(C₆₀-I_h)[5,6]fullerene 
• 150493-29-1 tert-butyl 3′H-cyclopropa[1,9](C₆₀-I_h)[5,6]fullerene-3′-carboxylate 
• 160558-58-7 bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methano<60>fullerene 
• 174471-79-5 1,1'-bis(4-tert-butoxycarbonylphenyl)-C₆₁ 

Relevant articles and documents

Cage-Expansion of Fullerenes

Despite the first proposal on the cage inflation of fullerenes in 1991, the chemical expansion of fullerenes has been still a formidable challenge. Herein, we provide an efficient methodology to expand [60] and [70]fullerene cages by the inclusion of totally C5N unit, giving nitrogen-containing closed structures as C65N and C75N with double fused heptagons. This method consists of two steps commenced with the construction of an opening by the reaction with triazine as a C3N source, followed by the cage reformation using N-phenylmaleimide as a C2 source. We also synthesized endohedral cages, demonstrating that the encapsulated H2O molecule inside the C75N cage prefers the orientation which maximizes the intramolecular interaction with the carbon wall. Additionally, we revealed the existence of a through-space magnetic dipolar interaction between the encapsulated H2 molecule and the embedded N atom.

Stereoselective synthesis of amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes promoted by magnesium perchlorate/ferric perchlorate

A facile one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with cinnamaldehydes and amines promoted by magnesium perchlorate/ferric perchlorate under air conditions afforded a series of rare amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes in moderate to good yields. Stereoselectivity was readily achieved. Secondary amines exclusively produced N,N-disubstituted cyclopentafullerenes as cis isomers, while arylamines gave N-monosubstituted cyclopentafullerenes with a preference of cis isomers as major products. N-Monosubstituted cyclopentafullerenes could be further converted into other scarce cyclopentafullerenes in the presence of acid chloride or paraformaldehyde. A possible reaction pathway was proposed to elucidate the formation of amino-substituted cyclopentafullerenes.

Lewis base-catalyzed double nucleophilic substitution reaction of N-tosylaziridinofullerene with thioureas or guanidines

Lewis base-catalyzed double nucleophilic substitution reaction of N-tosylaziridinofullerene with thioureas or guanidines affords the fullerothiazolidin-2-imine or fulleroimidazolidin-2-imine derivatives, respectively. In the case of unsymmetrical thiourea

Lu2@C2n (2n = 82, 84, 86): Crystallographic Evidence of Direct Lu-Lu Bonding between Two Divalent Lutetium Ions Inside Fullerene Cages

Although most of the M2C2n-type metallofullerenes (EMFs) tend to form carbide cluster EMFs, we report herein that Lu-containing EMFs Lu2C2n (2n = 82, 84, 86) are actually dimetallofullerenes (di-EMFs), namely, Lu2@Cs(6)-C82, Lu2@C3v(8)-C82, Lu2@D2d(23)-C84, and Lu2@C2v(9)-C86. Unambiguous X-ray results demonstrate the formation of a Lu-Lu single bond between two lutetium ions which transfers four electrons in total to the fullerene cages, thus resulting in a formal divalent state for each Lu ion. Population analysis indicates that each Lu atom formally donates a 5d electron and a 6s electron to the cage with the remaining 6s electron shared with the other Lu atom to form a Lu-Lu single bond so that only four electrons are transferred to the fullerene cages with the formal divalent valence for each lutetium ion. Accordingly, we confirmed both experimentally and theoretically that the dominating formation of di-EMFs is thermodynamically very favorable for Lu2C2n isomers.

CF2-Bridged C60 Fullerene Dimers and their Optical Transitions

Fullerene dyads bridged with perfluorinated linking groups have been synthesized through a modified arc-discharge procedure. The addition of Teflon inside an arc-discharge reactor leads to the formation of dyads, consisting of two C60 fullerenes bridged by CF2 groups. The incorporation of bridging groups containing electronegative atoms lead to different energy levels and to new features in the photoluminescence spectrum. A suppression of the singlet oxygen photosensitization indicated that the radiative decay from singlet-to-singlet state is favoured against the intersystem crossing singlet-to-triplet transition.

DMAP-Mediated Synthesis of Fulleropyrrolines: Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Aromatic Aldehydes and Arylmethanamines in the Absence or Presence of Manganese(III) Acetate

A series of scarce fulleropyrrolines were synthesized via DMAP-mediated one-step reaction of [60]fullerene with commercially inexpensive aromatic aldehydes and arylmethanamines in the absence or presence of manganese(III) acetate. In the case of aminodiphenylmethane, novel 2,5,5-trisubstituted fulleropyrrolines could be easily obtained without the addition of manganese(III) acetate. As for arylmethanamines without α-substitutions, the addition of manganese(III) acetate was required to suppress the formation of fulleropyrrolidines, in order to generate the desired 2,5-disubstituted fulleropyrrolines. Two tautomers were produced as expected when different aryl groups (Ar1 ≥ Ar2) from aromatic aldehydes and arylmethanamines were employed in the synthesis. A plausible reaction mechanism for the formation of fulleropyrrolines is proposed.

Cu-catalyzed C-H amination of Hydrofullerenes leading to 1,4-Difunctionalized Fullerenes

A novel and highly efficient Cu-catalyzed C-H amination of the monofunctionalized hydrofullerenes for the synthesis of 1,4-difunctional fullerenes has been reported. A new series of 1,4-fullerene derivatives having various monoamine addends were synthesized in good to high yields under mild reaction conditions. The controlled experiments revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of a fullerene monoradical as a key intermediate followed by coupling with an amine radical.

Modification of fulleropyrazolines modulates their cleavage by light

The extraordinary electrochemistry and the tunability of their energy levels allows the use of fulleropyrazolines in photovoltaics and charge-transfer systems. Here we show that substitution in position 1 tunes photolytic stability; electron-donating groups facilitate 1,3-dipolar cycloreversion to fullerene. This discovery has implications not only for photovoltaic stability but also highlights a potential strategy for photo-controlled fullerene release systems ('photo-caged'/'photo-activated' fullerene). This journal is

Method for the synthesis of amine-functionalized fullerenes involving set-promoted photoaddition reactions of -silylamines

A novel method for the preparation of structurally diverse fullerene derivatives, which relies on the use of single electron transfer (SET)-promoted photochemical reactions between fullerene C60 and α-trimethylsilylamines, has been developed. Photoirradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing C60 and α-silylamines leads to high-yielding, regioselective formation of 1,2-adducts that arise through a pathway in which sequential SET-desilylation occurs to generate α-amino and C60 anion radical pair intermediates, which undergo C-C bond formation. Protonation of generated α-aminofullerene anions gives rise to formation of monoaddition products that possess functionalized α-aminomethyl-substituted 1,2-dihydrofullerene structures. Observations made in this effort show that the use of EtOH in the solvent mixture is critical for efficient photoproduct formation. In contrast to typical thermal and photochemical strategies devised previously for the preparation of fullerene derivatives, the new photochemical approach takes place under mild conditions and does not require the use of excess amounts of substrates. Thus, the method developed in this study could broaden the scope of fullerene chemistry by providing a simple photochemical strategy for large-scale preparation of highly substituted fullerene derivatives. Finally, the α-aminomethyl-substituted 1,2-dihydrofullerene photoadducts are observed to undergo photoinduced fragmentation reactions to produce C60 and the corresponding N-methylamines.

A Series of inorganic solid nitrogen sources for the synthesis of metal nitride clusterfullerenes: The dependence of production yield on the oxidation state of nitrogen and counter ion

A series of nitrogen-containing inorganic solid compounds with variable oxidation states of nitrogen and counter ions have been successfully applied as new inorganic solid nitrogen sources toward the synthesis of Sc-based metal nitride clusterfullerenes (Sc-NCFs), including ammonium salts [(NH 4)xH3-xPO4 (x = 0-2), (NH 4)2SO4, (NH4)2CO 3, NH4X (X = F, Cl), NH4SCN], thiocyanate (KSCN), nitrates (Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3), and nitrite (NaNO2). Among them, ammonium phosphates ((NH4) xH3-xPO4, x = 1-3) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) are revealed to behave as better nitrogen sources than others, and the highest yield of Sc-NCFs is achieved when NH4SCN was used as a nitrogen source. The optimum molar ratio of Sc2O 3:(NH4)3PO4·3H2O: C and Sc2O3:NH4SCN:C has been determined to be 1:2:15 and 1:3:15, respectively. The thermal decomposition products of these 12 inorganic compounds have been discussed in order to understand their different performances toward the synthesis of Sc-NCFs, and accordingly the dependence of the production yield of Sc-NCFs on the oxidation state of nitrogen and counter ion is interpreted. The yield of Sc3N@C80 (Ih + D5h) per gram Sc2O3 by using the N 2-based group of nitrogen sources (thiocyanate, nitrates, and nitrite) is overall much lower than those by using gaseous N2 and NH4SCN, indicating the strong dependence of the yield of Sc-NCFs on the oxidation state of nitrogen, which is attributed to the in-situ redox reaction taking place for the N2-based group of nitrogen sources during discharging. For NH3-based group of nitrogen sources (ammonium salts) which exhibits a (-3) oxidation states of nitrogen, their performance as nitrogen sources is found to be sensitively dependent on the anion, and this is understood by considering their difference on the thermal stability and/or decomposition rate. Contrarily, for the N2-based group of nitrogen sources, the formation of Sc-NCFs is independent to both the oxidation state of nitrogen (+3 or +5) and the cation.