Copper Iodide Nanoparticles Immobolized Porous Polysulfonamide: An Effective Nanocatalyst for Synthesis of Imidazo [1,2-a] Pyridines

Article abstract of DOI:10.1007/s10562-020-03265-1

An efficient route was developed for the synthesis of a new polymer, porous cross-linked poly(ethyleneamine)-polysulfonamide (PEA-PSA), as an organic support for the imobilization of CuI nanoparticles (PEA-PSA@CuI). The resulting catalyst works as an effi

Full text of DOI:10.1007/s10562-020-03265-1

Catalysis Letters
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03265-1
Copper Iodide Nanoparticles Immobolized Porous Polysulfonamide:
An Efective Nanocatalyst for Synthesis of Imidazo [1,2‑a] Pyridines
Fatemeh Hamidi Dastjerdi1 · Ramin Ghorbani‑Vaghei1 · Sedigheh Alavinia1
Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 May 2020
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
An efcient route was developed for the synthesis of a new polymer, porous cross-linked poly(ethyleneamine)-polysulfona-
mide (PEA-PSA), as an organic support for the imobilization of CuI nanoparticles (PEA-PSA@CuI). The resulting catalyst
works as an efcient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a] pyridines from the reaction of
2-aminopyridine, aldehydes and phenylacetylene. The method possesses signifcant advantages including: easy purifcation,
functional group tolerance, recyclability of the catalyst and synthesis of new derivatives in high to excellent yields and short
reaction times.
Graphic Abstract
Keywords Porous polysulfonamide · CuI NPs · Heterogeneous · Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
1 Introduction
superionic conductors and solid-state solar cells to catalysts
for the synthesis of various organic compounds [3]. Besides,
various scafolds have been recently applied in order to
assemble and grow copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) i.e. Mer-
rifeld resin supported phenanthroline copper(I) complex [4],
immobilized copper in organic–inorganic hybrid material
[5], MCM-41 [6], and glycerol ingrained copper [7]. Owing
to the fact that, the organic structure coverage is not a com-
plete one, the NP sized distribution would be broad, and the
NPs’ spatial arrangement is irregular [8]. As a result devel-
oping novel methods for the synthesis of hybrid structures
which aim at controlling the mentioned parameters would
be highly desirable.
A wide variety of research has been done on cuprous iodide
(CuI) due to its distinctive features including: large iconic-
ity and band gap, negative spin–orbit splitting, anomalous
diamagnetism behaviour, and unusually large temperature
dependency [1, 2]. Potential applications of CuI range from
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this
article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03265-1) contains
supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Ramin Ghorbani-Vaghei
rgvaghei@yahoo.com
Organic polymers are promising candidates for the mat-
ric, due to their ease of processing and handling as compared
1
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry,
Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683 Hamadan, Iran
Vol.:(0123456789)
1 3

F. Hamidi Dastjerdi et al.
to metals and inorganic glasses [9]. Ligands having sulfona-
mide groups are excellent in the stabilization of palladium
and bromine species [10, 11]. Polysulfonamides are prepared
from the reaction between various amines and disulfonyl
chloride [10, 11]. In this work, our goal has been to syn-
thesize a novel porous polysulfonamide as a substrate for
the stabilization of CuI NPs (PEA-PSA@CuI) [12]. The
porousity and coordination interaction between copper
and polysulfonamide play an essential role in stabilization
of CuNPs. Therefore, we have prepared organic–inorganic
nanocomposite materials with CuNPs into a porous poly-
mer matric. The development of porous organic–inorganic
nanocomposite with uniform porosity, high loading and a
good surface area can provide interesting applications for
catalytic reactions [13].
pyridine from a three-component reaction of aldehydes,
2-aminopyridines and terminal alkynes [18]. Moreover, in
order to synthesize imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine, various cata-
lysts, i.e. homogeneous [19–22] and heterogeneous catalysts
[23–29], have been developed. Accordingly, further research
must be done on the environmental impact of the synthesis of
imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine. Continuing our research [30–34],
we aimed at describing an efcient method based on a novel
heterogeneous catalyst (PEA-PSA@CuI) (Scheme 1), for the
one-pot synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (Scheme 2).
2 Experimental
2.1 Reagents and Materials
Currently, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is used in medi-
cal applications i.e. cancer, malaria, AIDS treatment etc.
[14–17]. During recent years, Gevorgyan et al. reported
CuCl-Cu(OTf)2 catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]
All materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Acros
and Merck Millipore. Reactions were monitored by thin
layer chromatography (TLC) using Merck silica gel 60F254
Scheme 1 Total illustration of the synthesis procedure of PEA-PSA@CuI
Scheme 2 PEA-PSA@CuI cat-
alyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-
a]pyridines
1 3

Copper Iodide Nanoparticles Immobolized Porous Polysulfonamide: An Efective Nanocatalyst…
glass plate with 0.25 mm thickness. 1H NMR and 13C NMR
spectra were recorded at 400 MHz and 100 MHz, respec-
tively, on a Bruker Avance HD apparatus in CDCl3. Chemi-
cal shifts are given on the δ-scale in ppm and residual sol-
vent peaks were used as internal standards.
6.79 (t, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=4 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, 8H),
7.73(s, 3H), 8.04 (s, 1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)
δ:=29.5, 113.2, 118.1, 123.4, 125.3, 127.1, 127.6, 127.9,
128.1, 128.6, 129.1, 133.1, 136.2. MS: m/z=283.36 [M+].
3-Benzyl-2-(p-tolyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (5a).
M.p. 159–161 °C [24]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3026, 2917, 1654,
1627, 1527 cm−1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 2.31 (s,
3H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 6.79 (t, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8 Hz,
2H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.28–7.39 (m, 5H), 7.51 (s, 2H), 7.65
(s, 2H) ppm; 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ:=21.2, 29.8,
112.7, 114.57, 117.0, 123.7, 124.8, 126.9, 128.0, 128.6,
129.7, 131.5, 136.8, 137.9, 142.2, 145.0, 149.7, 152.8. MS:
m/z=298.1[M+].
2.2 General Procedure for the Synthesis
of Imidazo[1,2‑a]Pyridines
A mixture of 2-aminopyridine (1 mmol) and benzaldehyde
(1.1 mmol) was stirred in a 10 mL round bottomed fask.
After 5 min, phenylacetylene (1.2 mmol), PEA-PSA@CuI
(3.5 mol%, 0.05 g) and EtOH (2 mL) were added and, then,
the resulting mixture was stirred under refux conditions for
an appropriate reaction time. Thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) was applied to monitor the progress of the reaction.
When the reaction was completed, the catalyst was sepa-
rated by centrifugation. Afterwards, the obtained solid was
recrystallized from ethanol in order to give the pure product.
3-Benzyl-2-(3-bromophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine
(6a). M.p. 152–154 °C [24]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3060, 2917,
1
1655, 1631, 1498 cm−1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
4.39 (s, 2H), 6.81 (t, J=4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H),
7.12 (s, 1H), 7.29–7.41 (m, 7H), 7.53 (d, J= 12 Hz, 2H),
7.73 (s,1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3) δ:=29.1, 113.1, 114.9, 123.0, 127.1, 127.9, 128.6,
129.1, 129.3, 130.3, 130.8, 131.2, 132.0, 136.5. MS:
m/z=363.2[M+].
2.3 Analytical Data of the Products
3-Benzyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (1a).
M.p. 142–144 °C [24]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3061, 2926, 1634,
1600, 1487 cm−1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.28 (s,
2H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=4 Hz, 2H), 7.17–7.24 (m, 5H),
7.42 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 8 Hz,
1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ:=29.7, 113.1, 115.0,
125.3, 127.1, 127.5, 127.9, 128.6, 129.1, 129.5, 129.6,
129.9, 130.2, 130.6, 130.9, 131.3, 132.0, 134.0, 136.1. MS:
m/z=318.1[M+].
3-Benzyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine
(7a). M.p. 129–131 °C [24]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3058, 2932,
1
1633, 1600, 1505 cm−1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
3.76 (s, 3H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 6.78 (t, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s,
2H), 7.09 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=4 Hz,
3H), 7.33 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (s, 2H), 7.97 (s, 1H),
8.46 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ:=30.1, 55.2,
113.1, 113.7, 115.3, 117.1, 124.9, 127.1, 129.1, 130.3,
131.8, 136.3, 141.7, 149.6, 150.1, 152.5, 159.5, 165.1. MS:
m/z=314.3[M+].
3-Benzyl-2-(4-fuorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine
(2a). M.p. 84–87 °C [24]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3060, 2926, 1657,
4-(3-benzylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethy-
laniline (9a). M.p. 123–126 °C [25]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3072,
2883, 1617, 1600, 1515, 1400 cm−1; 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 2.96 (s, 6H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 6.71 (t, J=4 Hz, 2),
6.75 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H), 7.24–7.33 (m, 3H),
7.70 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ:=30.1, 40.4,
112.1, 112.3, 123.9, 126.8, 127.7, 128.9, 137.1, 150.1. MS:
m/z=327.43[M+].
1
1634, 1501 cm−1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.35(s,
2H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 2H), 7.29–7.33
(m, 5H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 2H), 8.22(s, 1H). 13C NMR
(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: = 30.1, 112.8, 114.8, 114.9, 115.7,
115,8, 124.8, 127.1, 127.8, 127.9, 128.0, 129.1, 129.5,
129.8, 129.9, 131.9, 136.4, 161.3, 163.8. MS: m/z= 319
[M+].
3-Benzyl-2-(3-nitrophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyri-
dine (3a). M.p. 121–124 °C; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3065, 2926,
1
1651, 1627, 1527 cm−1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
3 Result and Discussion
4.40 (s, 2H), 6.76 (t, J=4 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H),
7.19–7.25 (m, 4H), 7.47 (d, J = 4 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H),
7.83 (s, 1H),8.09 (d, J=8, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H) ppm;13C NMR
(100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: = 29.7, 113.5, 115.3, 122.7, 122.9,
127.3, 127.7, 128.0, 128.7, 129.3, 129.4, 132.1, 135.8,
147.9. MS: m/z=329.36 [M+].
Through the synthesis of imidazopyridines, the efect of
PEA-PSA@CuI as a catalyst was investigated in the synthe-
sis of 3-benzyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (4a) as the
model compound. At frst, we investigated the efect of dif-
ferent amounts of the catalyst on the reaction progress in the
model reaction (Table 1, entries 1–3). Results of our studies
indicated the formation of the highest yield using 3.5 mol%
of the catalyst (Table 1, entry 1). It is worth mentioning
3-Benzyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (4a). M.p.
118–121 °C [24]; FT-IR (KBr) ν: 3029, 2946, 1635, 1623,
1
1493 cm−1; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.42(s, 2H),
1 3

F. Hamidi Dastjerdi et al.
Table 1 Optimization of the reaction conditions in model reaction
Entry
Catalyst loading
Solvent
Time (h)
Temp. (°C)
Yield (%)a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol %)
PEA-PSA@CuI (7 mol %)
PEA-PSA@CuI (1.7 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%)
PEA-PSA@Nib
EtOH
EtOH
EtOH
1.5
1.5
4
5
5
6
6
6
6
3
3
3
6
6
6
6
6
Refux
Refux
Refux
80
Refux
Refux
Refux
Refux
Refux
r.t
88
89
68
50
65
50
73
Trace
60
53
70
65
Trace
34
22
30
40
55
Solvent-free
CH3CN
H2O
EtOH:H2O (1:1)
CH2Cl2
Toluene
EtOH
EtOH
Solvent-free
EtOH
EtOH
EtOH
EtOH
EtOH
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
50
100
Refux
Refux
Refux
Refux
Refux
Refux
PEA-PSA@Pdb
CuClb
CuBrb
CuIb
CuINPsb
EtOH
6
Reaction conditions: benzaldehyde (1.1 mmol), 2-aminopyridine (1 mmol), phenylacetylene (1.2 mmol), PEA- PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%, 0.05 g),
solvent (2 mL)
aIsolated yields
bReaction conditions: benzaldehyde (1.1 mmol), 2-aminopyridine (1 mmol), phenylacetylene (1.2 mmol), catalyst, 0.05 g, solvent (2 mL)
that increasing the amount of PEA-PSA@CuI would not
afect the reaction progress (Table 1, entry 2). Accordingly,
diferent solvents were applied in order to investigate the
catalytic potential of PEA-PSA@CuI i.e. EtOH, H2O and
EtOH:H2O mixture, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, toluene
and solvent-free condition (Table 1, entries 4–9). According
to the obtained results, the model reaction was well pro-
ceeded with polar solvents including: CH3CN, EtOH and
EtOH:H2O (1:1). On the contrary, in non-polar solvents, i.e.
toluene and dichloromethane, the reaction did not proceed
well. When ethanol was applied for the model reaction, a
signifcant increase in the catalytic activity was witnessed
with 88% of yield (Table 1, entry 1). When ethanol was used
as solvent, more copper nanoparticles were accessible for
the catalytic system. Consequently, the catalytic activity was
increased. Afterwards, the model reaction was performed
at diferent temperatures (Table 1, entries 10–12). Results
demonstrate high catalytic activity in ethanol under refux
condition (Table 1, entry 1). Finally, we examined various
catalytic systems including PEA-PSA@Ni (Table 1, entry
13), PEA-PSA@Pd (Table 1, entry 14), CuCl, CuBr, CuI
and CuI NPs (Table 1, entries 15–18) comparision to PEA-
PSA@CuI (Table 1, entry 1). As can be seen in Table 1, the
nanocatalyst exhibited superior behavior in the synthesis of
4a compared with unsupported CuI NPs or other commercial
catalyst. The reaction was selective. The starting material are
almost consumed and no by-products was observed (based
on yield).
With the optimized conditions in hand (Table 1, entry
1), the mentioned conditions’ generality to other sub-
strates—applying different electron-withdrawing and
electron-donating aromatic aldehydes—were examined.
As indicated in Table 2, it is worth mentioning that aro-
matic aldehydes; containing, –F, –Br, –Cl, –CH3, –OCH3,
–N(CH3)2, and NO2 groups, were converted to the corre-
sponding product. Benzaldehydes bearing electron-donating
1 3

Copper Iodide Nanoparticles Immobolized Porous Polysulfonamide: An Efective Nanocatalyst…
Table 2 Synthesis of
imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using
PEA-PSA@CuI
Comp
1a
Aldehyde
Product
Time (min)
100
Yield (%)a
85
p-ClC6H4
2a
3a
p-FC6H4
100
120
90
78
m-NO2C6H4
4a
5a
6a
C6H5
90
88
80
87
p-MeC6H4
m-BrC6H4
60
120
7a
8a
p-OMeC6H4
o-ClC6H4
60
93
83
120
9a
p-NMe2C6H4
60
90
1 3

F. Hamidi Dastjerdi et al.
Table 2 (continued)
Comp
10a
Aldehyde
Product
Time (min)
100
Yield (%)a
92
p-NO2C6H4
Reaction conditions: benzaldehyde (1.1 mmol), 2-aminopyridine (1 mmol), phenylacetylene (1.2 mmol),
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%), solvent (2 mL)
aIsolated yields
Scheme 3 Suggested mechanism for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines catalyzed by PEA-PSA@CuI
Table 3 Comparison of the
Entry Catalyst
Condition
Time (h) Yield (%)
[Refs.]
present methodology with
other reported catalysts for
the synthesis of 3-benzyl-2-
phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine
(4a)
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
PEA-PSA@CuI (3.5 mol%) EtOH, refux
InBr3 (10 mol%) Toluene, refux
CuI-NaHSO4.SiO2 (5 mol%) Toluene, refux
1.30
12
12
88, 88, 87, 87, 86, 85 [This work]
82
91
89
85
90
90
91
[21]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
Nano-Fe3O4.SiO2 (10 mol%) Toluene, 110 °C
24
Cu-nanoparticles (1 mol%)
Solvent-free, 120 °C 12
MNP@BiimCu (1.2 mol%) CTAB, H2O, refux
Nano copper/nano ZnAl2O4 Solvent-free, 90 °C
5
6
6 h
CuO/rGO (0.015 g)
DMSO, 110 °C
and electron-withdrawing substituents gave the desired prod-
ucts in good to excellent yield. All products were character-
ized on the basis of their spectroscopic data such as FT-IR,
1H and 13C NMR spectra and Mass.
The efficiency of PEA-PSA@CuI for the synthesis of
3-benzyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (4a) was compared
to some other related reports (Table 3). In the present work,
using PEA-PSA@CuI as a recyclable catalyst can remarkably
enhance the product yield and shorten the reaction time.
1 3

Copper Iodide Nanoparticles Immobolized Porous Polysulfonamide: An Efective Nanocatalyst…
Fig. 1 Recycling
of
the
PEA-PSA@CuI
for
3-benzyl-
2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (4a)
Scheme 3 illustrates a plausible mechanism for the novel
catalyst. As regenerated at the end of the cycle, PEA-PSA@
CuI appears to be an active catalytic species. As a point of
fact, the formation of iminium from the activated aldehyde
and 2-aminopyridine can be regarded as the initial event.
First, in order to aford the intermediate A, PEA-PSA@CuI
which activates aldehyde is followed by nucleophilic addi-
tion of 2-aminopyridine. Subsequently, the catalyst would
be efective in activating the imine A. Moreover, in order
to form intermediate B, the phenyl acetylene should react
with the intermediate imine A. Consequently, we came to
this understanding that in order to reach the fnal product,
cyclization and aromatization of the intermediate B are nec-
essarily needed [23–29].
Fig. 2 Hot-fltration test for PEA-PSA@CuI in the reaction of
4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-aminopyridine and phenylacetylene, a hot
fltered test, b normal reaction
The recyclability of PEA-PSA@CuI as the cata-
lyst was investigated in the synthesis of 3-benzyl-
2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (4a) as the model com-
pound. After 5 times, as the FT-IR spectra and Fe-SEM
show, the structure of the catalyst didn’t signifcantly change
(Figs. 3, 4).
The typical FT-IR spectra of SiO2/PEA-PSA (a), porous
PEA-PSA (b), and PEA-PSA@CuI (c) are shown in Fig. 5.
The characteristic peak of SiO2 at 1112 cm−1 is ascribed to
Si–O stretching vibrations of silica nanoparticles trapped in
polymer chains [35]. This peak does not appear in the FT-IR
spectra of the PEA-PSA and CuI@PEA-PSA (Fig. 5b, c).
In the spectrum of PEA-PSA, the absorption bands at 1334
and 1163 cm−1 are indexed to the S=O stretching vibrations
(Fig. 5b). After the coordination of CuI nanoparticles to
these situations, the S=O bonds shifted to lower wavenum-
ber (i.e., 1327 and 1152 cm−1) in the spectrum of the fnal
product (Fig. 5c). As can be inferred from these changes, the
metal ions are coordinated with the oxygen donor atoms of
the PEA-PSA as a ligand. The FT-IR analysis of recycled
catalyst showed the stability of the PEAPSA@CuI during
the recycling procedure (Fig. 6).
In the next step, PEA-PSA@CuI recyclability was evalu-
ated in the model reaction (Fig. 1). Results indicated that the
catalyst was successfully recovered and reused for six con-
secutive runs with a small decrease in the activity (88, 88,
87, 87, 86, 85, respectively). When the reaction was com-
pleted, the catalyst was recovered by washing with H2O/
EtOH and dried at 50–60 °C in an oven.
The fltration test for the reaction between 4-methoxy-
benzaldehyde, 2-aminopyridine and phenylacetylene using
PEA-PSA@CuI as a catalyst was performed to check the
leaching of CuI NPs during the reaction. A catalytic run
was started as for a standard reaction, and after reaction for
30 min (the reaction was completed in 60 min), correspond-
ing to 50% conversion, the reaction mixture was stopped
and centrifuged to aford a clear fltrate. Then the mixture
without the solid catalyst was treated as a standard catalytic
run for another 30 min, and the conversion did not proceed
signifcantly. The results were compared with that of a stand-
ard catalytic run. Figure 2 clearly shows that after removal
of the heterogeneous catalyst, slow progression of the reac-
tion was observed. This proposes that the prepared catalyst
is stable and the leaching of CuI NPs species from the solid
support is low.
4 Conclusion
In conclusion, we used porous polymer for stabilization of
CuI NPs. Using this nanocomposite as a heterogeneous and
recyclable catalyst, variety of aldehydes were converted
to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good to excellent yield. The
method provided advantages; including, excellent yields,
recyclability of the catalyst, short reaction times, easy puri-
fcation and simple procedure.
1 3

F. Hamidi Dastjerdi et al.
Fig. 3 FE-SEM image of PEA-
PSA@CuI a before the reaction
b after the reaction
Fig. 4 EDX spectra a before the
reaction, b after the reaction
Fig. 6 FT-IR spectra of PEA-PSA@CuI after the reaction
Fig. 5 FT-IR spectra of SiO2/PEA-PSA (a), porous PEA-PSA (b),
and PEA-PSA@CuI (c)
1 3

Copper Iodide Nanoparticles Immobolized Porous Polysulfonamide: An Efective Nanocatalyst…
20. Guchhait SK, Chandgude AL, Priyadarshani G (2012) J Org Chem
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