Microwave synthesis, basic spectral and biological evaluation of some copper (II) mesoporphyrinic complexes

Article abstract of DOI:10.3390/molecules15053731

Cu(II) complexes with asymmetrical and symmetrical porphyrinic ligands were synthesized with superior yields using microwave irradiation. The paper presents the synthesis of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II)-porphine in comparison to its symmetrical complex 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxy-methylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II) porphine. The two compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy, which fully confirmed the structures. The spectral molecular absorption properties of the porphyrinic complexes were studied in organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and methylene chloride), and the influence of the solvent polarity on the absorbance maxima is described. In order to establish their future potential in biomedical applications preliminary toxicological studies consisting of viability and proliferation of standard tumor cell lines (MCF7 and B16) testing was performed. The obtained results indicate a low toxicity for both compounds and further recommends them for testing in light activation protocols.

Full text of DOI:10.3390/molecules15053731

Molecules 2010, 15, 3731-3743; doi:10.3390/molecules15053731
OPEN ACCESS
molecules
ISSN 1420-3049
www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
Article
Microwave Synthesis, Basic Spectral and Biological Evaluation
of Some Copper (II) Mesoporphyrinic Complexes
Rica Boscencu 1,*, Mihaela Ilie 1,*, Radu Socoteanu 2, Anabela Sousa Oliveira 3,4, Carolina
Constantin 5, Monica Neagu 5, Gina Manda 5 and Luis Filipe Vieira Ferreira 3
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St.,
020956 Bucharest, Romania
2
“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independenţei,
060021 Bucharest, Romania; E-Mail: psradu@yahoo.com (R.S.)
3
Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Instituto
Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal;
E-Mails: asoliveira@estgp.pt (A.S.O.); luisfilipevf@ist.utl.pt (L.F.V.F)
4
Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Portalegre, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Apartado
148, 7300-901 Portalegre, Portugal
5
“Victor Babeş” National Institute for Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, 99-101
Splaiul Independenţei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; E-Mail: caroconstantin@yahoo.com (C.C.)
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: rboscencu@yahoo.com (R.B.);
m16ilie@yahoo.com (M.I.); Tel.: +4021-3111152; Fax: +4021-3111152.
Received: 27 April 2010; in revised form: 19 May 2010 / Accepted: 24 May 2010 /
Published: 25 May 2010
Abstract: Cu(II) complexes with asymmetrical and symmetrical porphyrinic ligands were
synthesized with superior yields using microwave irradiation. The paper presents the
synthesis of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II)-
porphine in comparison to its symmetrical complex 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxy-
methylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II) porphine. The two compounds were characterized by FT-IR,
UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopy, which fully confirmed the structures. The spectral
molecular absorption properties of the porphyrinic complexes were studied in organic
solvents (methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and
methylene chloride), and the influence of the solvent polarity on the absorbance maxima is
described. In order to establish their future potential in biomedical applications preliminary
toxicological studies consisting of viability and proliferation of standard tumor cell lines

Molecules 2010, 15
(MCF7 and B16) testing was performed. The obtained results indicate a low toxicity for
3732
both compounds and further recommends them for testing in light activation protocols.
Keywords: copper (II) mesoporphyrinic complexes; FT-IR spectroscopy; solvatochromy;
cytotoxicity
1. Introduction
Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins represent one of the most widely studied of all known
macrocyclic ring systems [1]. The synthesis of metalloporphyrins and the investigation of their
chemical and biological properties has attracted increased interest in both bioinorganic chemistry and
medical chemistry, mainly due to their possible use in unconventional treatment of various diseases by
means of photodynamic therapy (PDT) [2], which is a selective method of treatment of several
diseases, amongst which the most cited are cancer and psoriasis. The technique involves the
administration of a pharmaceutical formulation containing a specific photosensitizer, its selective
localization at the level of the sick cells, laser irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded tissue, followed
by the generation of a very reactive chemical species, the singlet oxygen (1O2), that destroys the cells
[3–9]. The most important advantage of photodynamic therapy consists in the use of visible light
range, having much lower energies compared to those used in the classical radiological therapy.
The first porphyrins used in the PDT were the hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD). A purified HPD
fraction (the sodium porphymer) represents the active component of the pharmaceutical formulation
PHOTOFRIN®, used in the treatment of esophageal cancer. The results obtained using PHOTOFRIN®
in PDT proved that it presented a series of disadvantages as follows: its composition included several
inactive PDT derivatives; it was slowly eliminated from healthy tissues so patients remained photo-
sensitive to the solar radiation, in certain cases more than a month after the procedure. However, the
greatest disadvantage of PHOTOFRIN® is connected to its spectral properties, its strongest light
absorption band being situated in a rather inefficient spectral range for PDT [2,10–12].
A second generation of photosensitizers includes porphyrinic structures as tetra-(m-hydroxyphenyl)
chlorine or m-THPC, the active substance of the pharmaceutical formulation FOSCAN®, used in the
treatment of head and neck cancers. The doses for an individual administration are rather low
compared to PHOTOFRIN® (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and the irradiation wavelength is at
λ = 652 nm [13].
Recently, research has been directed towards obtaining new photosensitizers that meet the following
requirements: a high purity and simple production under laboratory conditions; photoactivity at
wavelengths higher than 630–680 nm; acceptable solubility in biologic fluids for an easy localization
at the cellular and subcellular level; great selectivity for the malignant or other targeted tissue; lack of
toxicity in the absence of the exciting light; rapid elimination from the body after the treatment is
performed and non-toxic metabolites [14–22].
This paper presents the characteristics of a newly synthesized asymmetrical Cu(II) porphyrinic
complex, namely 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23 Cu(II) porphine
(denoted as Cu(II)TCMPOHm - Figure 1) and a comparison to the corresponding symmetrical

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compound - 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II) porphine (denoted as
Cu(II)TCMP - Figure 1), obtained using microwave irradiation, aiming at further investigation of the
theoretical and preclinical aspects of their possible use in PDT.
Figure 1. Structures of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20–tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)–21,
23 Cu(II) porphine (Cu(II)TCMOHm) (top) and 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxy-
methylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II) porphine (Cu(II)TCMP) (bottom).
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Infrared spectra
The important band frequencies of the ligand and copper complexes and corresponding assignments
are presented in Table 1. The IR spectra of the porphyrinic ligands TCMPOHm and TCMP were
analyzed in a previous paper [23]. The IR bands of the ligands at approx. 3,310 cm-1 and 963 cm-1 are
due to the N-H stretching and bending vibration of the porphyrinic core, but they disappear in the
complexes because the hydrogen atom in the N-H bonding is replaced by the Cu(II) ion. The bands at
3,503 cm-1 are assigned to O-H stretching vibration of the –OH functional group in the TCMPOHm and
Cu(II)TCMPOHm . Other bands observed in the higher wavenumber region (2,957–2,923 cm-1) are due
to the stretching vibration of C-H bond of the porphyrinic ring. The bands of the compounds in the
range of 1,715–1,720 cm-1 are assigned to C=O stretching vibrations. The IR spectrum of the free-base

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porphyrins and Cu(II) complexes clearly indicates the presence of the -O-CH3 group in the spectral
range 2,848–2,853 cm-1.
Table 1. Characteristic IR vibrations of the free base porphyrins and their Cu(II)
complexes (KBr pellet).
Wavenumber of the IR band (cm-1)
Characteristic vibration
TCMP1
-
Cu(II)TCMP
-
TCMPOHm
3503m
3312m
2952m
2923v.s
2853m
1718s
Cu(II) TCMPOHm
1
νO-H
νN-H
νC-H
3493m
-
3310w
2950m
2923m
2851s
1717v.s.
1603m
1400m
1156s
1018m
963m
-
2954m
2924m
2853s
1715s
1604m
1402w
1164m
1014m
-
2957m
2923m
2848s
1720m
1600s
1410w
1164m
1010w
-
νC-H
νC-H from -O-CH3
νC=O
νC-N
νC-H pyrrole
νC-O
δC-H
δN-H pyrrole
γC-C
1597s
1401m
1156s
1020w
964m
869w
797s
858w
790m
862w
795s
γC-N pyrrole
798m
The intensities of the signals are described as weak (w), medium (m), strong (s) and very strong
(v.s.); 1 Data for this compound were taken from [23].
2.2. Molecular electronic spectra
Molecular electronic spectra were studied for the free-base porphyrins, Cu(II)TCMP and
Cu(II)TCMPOHm in different solvents (methanol - MeOH, ethanol - EtOH, isopropanol - iso-PrOH,
dimethylsulfoxide - DMSO, dimethylformamide - DMF, dichloromethane - CH2Cl2). For this purpose,
porphyrin solutions were freshly prepared in spectrally pure solvents at a concentration of
2.5 × 10-6 M. Solutions were kept in dark to prevent photodegradation. All the absorption spectra were
recorded for the same samples. The obtained results are presented in Figures 2 and 3 and Table 2.
Figure 2. Absorption spectra of 2.5 × 10-6 M Cu(II)TCMP in different solvents (a-Soret
band; b-Q bands).

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Figure 2. Cont.
Figure 3. Absorption spectra of 2.5 × 10-6 M Cu(II)TCMPOHm in different solvents (a-
Soret band; b-Q bands).

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3736
Table 2. Maximum wavelength and molar absorptivity of the porphyrinic ligands,
Cu(II)TCMP and Cu(II)TCMPOHm in different solvents (c = 2.5 × 10-6 M).
λ
(nm) [lgε (L mol-1 cm-1)]
max
Solvent
Soret B(0,0)
Qy(1,0)
Qy(0,0)
Qx(1,0)
Qx(0,0)
5, 10, 15, 20-meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxymethylphenyl) - 21,23-H porphine
MeOH
415.3 [5.528]
416.4 [5.546]
416.8 [5.511]
419.6 [5.699]
420.9 [5.602]
419.3 [5.662]
514.8 [4.415]
512.5 [4.428]
513.5 [4.301]
515.2 [4.344]
515.6 [4.310]
514.3 [4.326]
544.3[4.387]
547.4 [4.283]
546.9 [4.049]
550.0 [4.000]
550.0 [4.049]
548.7 [4.017]
591.9[4.265]
590.4 [4.225]
592.4 [3.857]
590.1 [3.806]
590.1 [4.000]
589.6 [3.833]
646.9 [4.342]
647.4 [4.146]
648.4 [3.602]
645.5 [3.643]
645.6 [3.833]
645.3 [3.716]
EtOH
iso-PrOH
CH2Cl2
DMSO
DMF
5, 10 ,15 ,20–meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23-Cu(II)porphine
MeOH
EtOH
412.5 [5.637]
413.0 [5.709]
413.1 [5.527]
416.4 [5.697]
421.6 [5.582]
417.0 [5.627]
-
-
-
-
-
-
538.2 [4.024]
537.7 [4.107]
537.0 [4.274]
539.4 [4.387]
544.1 [4.334]
540.3 [4.310]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
iso-PrOH
CH2Cl2
DMSO
DMF
574.8(sh)
574.5(sh)
584.6 [3.681]
578.0 (sh)
5- (3-hydroxyphenyl)-10, 15, 20–tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl) – 21,23-H porphine
MeOH
EtOH
422.4 [5.582]
424.1 [5.561]
424.6 [5.577]
420.1 [5.607]
429.3 [5.546]
426.5 [5.519]
513.1 [4.158]
513.4 [4.134]
513.1 [4.146]
515.2 [4.121]
516.1 [4.170]
514.9 [4.107]
554.8 [4.193]
556.3 [4.158]
556.0 [4.182]
548.8 [4.146]
558.6 [4.182]
556.8 [4.121]
595.5 [3.924]
596.1 [3.857]
596.7 [3.881
588.9 [3.716]
598.8 [3.944]
597.9 [3.833]
647.6 [3.643]
649.4 [3.556]
650.3 [3.602]
647.9 [3.556]
648.8 [3.681]
648.2 [3,556]
iso-PrOH
CH2Cl2
DMSO
DMF
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10, 15, 20-tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23- Cu(II)porphine
MeOH
EtOH
412.7 [5.486]
413.1 [5.598]
413.6 [5.593]
416.1 [5.598]
421.0 [5.468]
417.0 [5.525]
-
-
-
-
-
-
538.3 [4.255]
537.1 [4.318]
537.7 [4.342]
539.5 [4.310]
544.0 [4.265]
540.0 [4.283]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
iso-PrOH
CH2Cl2
DMSO
DMF
570.3(sh)
-
585.9(sh)
579.6(sh)
sh
–
shoulder; MeOH= methanol, EtOH=ethanol, iso-PrOH=isopropyl alcohol,
DMSO=dimethylsulfoxide, DMF=dimethylformamide, CH2Cl2 = dichloromethane.
The electronic absorption spectrum of the free-base porphyrins is dominated by a typical Soret band
and four Q bands located in the spectral range 415–650 nm, depending on the solvent [23]. The Q
bands of the free base porphyrins consist of four absorption peaks which are typical to the Qx(0,0),
Qx(0,1), Qy(0,0), Qy(0,1) transitions in the free base porphyrin (D2h symmetry). After the metal ion
entered into the body of the porphyrin, the number of Q bands decreases and the absorption
frequencies shifts due to the increasing of the molecular symmetry from D2h to D4h.
The UV-VIS spectra of the Cu(II)TCMPOHm and Cu(II)TCMP exhibited one Soret band in the
spectral range of 412–421 nm accompanied by two Q bands, respectively in the 538–544 nm and
570–585 nm spectral range. Also, in the Cu(II)TCMP and Cu(II)TCMPOHm the Q bands are

Molecules 2010, 15
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hypsochromically shifted and partially overlapped, as already reported in the literature for other
metalloporphyrins of the same type [14,24–27].
It should be noticed that the wavelength of the Soret band maximum changes in the various
solvents. As well, the relative intensities of the Soret band to the Q bands differ in some solvents. The
Soret band of TCMP is shifted by about 3 nm, whereas this shift is larger for TCMPOHm,
Cu(II)TCMPOHm and Cu(II)TCMP (about 9 nm). That could be explained by the stronger interactions
of the porphyrinic compounds with the solvent dipoles. The changes in Soret and Q bands can be
associated with the solvent polarity [28] and the interactions between the porphyrinic substitutents and
the solvent molecule.
The blue-shift of the bands with increasing polarity of the solvents should be noticed for
porphyrinic ligands and their Cu(II) complexes. Thus, the absorption bands of the ligands and Cu(II)
complexes in alcohol was blue-shifted which can be ascribed to the formation of proton bridges
between the alcohol molecules and the porphyrinic compounds due to the polarity-induced and proton
properties of the alcohol.
2.3. EPR spectra
EPR spectra of the newly synthesized complexes were recorded on powders at room temperature. It
provides information about the environment of the Cu(II) within the porphyrinic ligand and the
coordination geometry. The EPR spectrum of the synthesized complexes indicates the presence of the
Cu(II) in tetrahedral surroundings with D4h symmetry.
The values of the magnetic parameters g||, g⊥, A|| and A⊥ for Cu(II)TCMPOHm and Cu(II)TCMP
were calculated and are presented in Table 3. These magnetic parameter values, obtained from the EPR
spectra of Cu(II) with the porphyrinic ligands are close to those reported in the literature [29,30]. Also,
the g|| value (g|| < 2.3) indicates a covalent character of the Cu-N bonds in the copper-porphyrinic
complexes [31].
Table 3. Magnetic parameter values corresponding to Cu(II) complex combinations with
porphyrinic ligands.
Complex combination
g||
g⊥
A|| x 104 (cm-1)
A⊥ x 104 (cm-1)
1
Cu(II)TPPOHm
2.113
2.162
2.170
2.055
2.042
2.045
202
203
201
28
32
33
Cu(II)TCMP
Cu(II)TCMPOHm
1 Data for this compound were taken from [25].
2.4. Preliminary toxicological tests
As the foreseen application of the compounds will be PDT, we have used standard cell lines that
originated from tumors like skin melanoma and breast cancer that can be treated by photodynamic
therapy. Different incubation times were used in order to test the short and longer term effects on the
cell physiology. For MCF7 line, after a short 2 h incubation no major effect was registered in the
concentration ranges, but after 24 h at higher doses (> 50 μM), the LDH release was slightly enhanced
while proliferation was reduced (Figure 4), mainly for Cu(II)TCMPOHm.

Molecules 2010, 15
Figure 4. Cellular response of MCF7 line after 24 h incubation with Cu(II)TCMPOHm.
3738
However at low doses of both copper complexes, the viability and proliferation were not related to
the applied dose, results that support the low toxicity of both compounds. Regarding B16 skin
melanoma standard cell line, the results were quite similar to those obtained for MCF7 line (Figure 5),
namely after short periods of incubation no major effect is registered. After 24 h of incubation in low
doses this cell line is as well not affected by the compounds. The lack of dark toxicity on a large
concentration domain recommends these compounds for further testing in experimental approaches for
activation upon light irradiation.
Figure 5. Cellular response of B16 line after 2 h incubation with Cu(II)TCMPOHm and
Cu(II)TCMP (a – viability, b – proliferation).

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3. Experimental
3.1. Materials and Methods
Commercially available chemicals and solvents were used as received from Sigma-Aldrich and
Merck. IR spectra were recorded with a FT-IR 400D Nicolet Impact spectrophotometer. The
substances under analysis, previously dried for 24 h at 150 ºC, were processed as KBr (spectrally pure)
pellets. The spectra were recorded in the 4,000–500 cm-1 spectral range.
The molecular absorption spectra were recorded on a Lambda 35 Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer
in solution, using a 10 mm path length quartz cell (Hellma), in single beam mode. UV-Visible spectra
were obtained for Cu(II)TCMP and Cu(II)TCMPOHm in different solvents: MeOH, EtOH, iso-PrOH,
DMSO, DMF, CH2Cl2. The porphyrin solutions were freshly prepared in the spectrally pure solvents at
the concentration 2.5 × 10-6 M. The solutions were kept in dark to prevent photodegradation.
EPR spectra of the newly synthesized complexes were recorded using a ART-6 spectrometer,
operating in the X band (9.01 GHz), equipped with a field modulation unit of 100 KHz. Mn(II) salt in
MgO was used as a reference for the magnetic field calibration. The spectra were recorded on powders
at room temperature.
For preliminary toxicological studies viability and proliferation in presence of copper porphyrinic
complexes was performed on standard cell lines provided by the European Collection of Cell Cultures
(ECACC) as following: MCF7 (human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line – ECACC 86012803) and
B16 (murine cutaneous melanoma cell line – ECACC 94042254) cells. The compounds were used in
sterile conditions after resuspension in DMSO followed by sonication at 22000 Hz for 30 seconds. The
stock solutions were diluted in the appropriate culture medium for each cell line at the stated
concentrations. The complexes were studied in two concentration ranges (3.125–100 μM and
0.195–6.26 μM), following 2 h. and 24 h incubation with the mentioned cell lines. For viability we
have used lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release test [32], with CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive
Cytotoxicity Test (Promega) and the cell proliferation by means of the tetrazolium salt (MTS)
reduction test [33], using CellTiter 96® AQeous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay kit (from
Promega). Results were expressed as triplicates mean of optical density (OD) at 490 nm for the
mentioned viability and proliferation tests.
3.2. Synthesis of copper porphyrinic complexes
We have previously reported the synthesis of porphyrinic complexes from the corresponding
tetrapyrrolic ligand and appropriate metal salts in the presence of a basic catalyst, 2,6-dimethylpyridine
[24,25]. However, in recent years, synthesis via microwave irradiation has attracted considerable
attention, as microwave-assisted reactions are believed to facilitate the polarization of the substrates
thereby promoting the reactions [34–37]. Microwave-assisted reactions have become increasingly
important in the synthesis of tetrapyrrolic compounds due to advantages such as significant reduction
in reaction times and side reactions, increased yields, ease of purification and minimization of the
amount of solvent used [38,39]. These are the reasons why in this paper the synthesis of the copper
porphyrinic complexes was carried out using microwave irradiation assisted synthesis.

Molecules 2010, 15
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Methyl 4-formyl benzoate (0.45 mol), 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (0.15 mol), fresh distilled pyrrole
(0.60 mol), copper chloride anhydrous (0.15 mol), 2,6-dimethylpyridine (1 mL) and silicagel 60
(200–500 μm, 35–70 mesh, 8 g) dry silica were mixed at room temperature in a Pyrex bottle. 2,6-
Dimethylpyridine is a Lewis base and captures the hydrogen of the porphyrinic ring to produce the
porphyrin dianion (P2−), the copper ion (Cu2+) is attracted by the P2− to form the copper porphyrin. The
mixture reaction was irradiated in a 475W domestic microwave oven at 180 ºC (final temperature), for
8 min. Extraction of samples for monitoring the synthesis was performed after every 2 min of
irradiation. The presence of the complex in the reaction mixture was monitored by UV–Vis
spectroscopy. The crude product was then purified on chromatography column by several elutions,
using dichloromethane as eluent and silica gel (100–200 mesh size) as stationary phase; to obtain the
final copper porphyrinic complexes, preparative TLC (on 2 mm silicagel 60 plates) was used. The
same procedure was adopted in the preparation of 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-
21, 23 Cu(II) porphine. The yields obtained were 68% for Cu(II)TCMPOHm and 83% for
Cu(II)TCMP, respectively. Following the preparation the copper porphyrins were characterized by IR,
UV-VIS and EPR spectrometry.
To compare the two synthesis procedures, the synthesis of the copper porphyrin complexes was also
carried following the method described in a previous paper [33]. Solutions (~10–4 M) of the
porphyrinic ligands TCMP and TCMPOHm [33] in dichloromethane were gently heated while stirred,
until the ligand crystals were completely dissolved. Then, several drops of 2,6-dimethylpyridine were
added, together with the appropriate amount of anhydrous CuCl2 in methanol solution, to yield the
copper metal complexes in a 1:1 molar ratio. The reaction mixture was refluxed, under continuous
stirring, for 1 h, at 55 ºC. The presence of the complex in the reaction mixture was monitored during
the reaction by thin layer chromatography. After cooling, the reaction mixture was purified passing it
through a silica gel chromatographic column. The solutions of the complexes in dichloromethane were
concentrated by simple distillation. The violet crystals were dried at about 100 ºC, for 12 h.
The physical-chemical data of copper porphyrins prepared via the two different methods described
above are identical; in addition the reactions presented in this paper have been successfully repeated
several times with the same results.
4. Conclusions
The paper presents the non-conventional synthesis of a new asymmetrical Cu(II) porphyrinic
complex, 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23 Cu(II) porphine and its
corresponding symmetrical compound 5,10,15,20-meso-tetrakis(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-21,23 Cu(II)
porphine, by means of microwave irradiation assisted solvent-free synthesis. The copper porphyrinic
complexes were synthesized to be used as PDT sensitizers.
The spectral properties of the Cu(II) porphyrinic complexes were investigated by FTIR, EPR and
UV-Vis spectroscopy. The influence of the solvent polarity on the molecular absorption band maxima
was also described. A blue shift of the spectral bands was observed with increasing solvent polarity,
determined by interactions between porphyrinic substituents and the solvent molecule.
Preliminary viability and proliferation in vitro tests were performed on MCF7 (human mammary
carcinoma) and B16 (murine cutaneous melanoma) cell lines, for different doses and incubation times.

Molecules 2010, 15
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The results of the biological in vitro tests indicated a low cytotoxicity of the compounds for the studied
cells. The concentration ranges tested would give valuable information for further settling of a
concentration for the compounds to be tested in view of PDT applications.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by CNMP project No. 41-047/2007
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors.
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