N-benzoin-o-mercaptoaniline as an efficient synthon for organotin(IV) compounds

DOI: 10.1081/SIM-120004437

Source and publish data:

Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry p. 639 - 648 (2002)

Update date:2022-08-03

Topics:

Authors:

Singh Singh

Tawade, Kiran

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Article abstract of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120004437

α-benzoin reacted with o-aminothiophenol to give a diprotic ONS Schiff base H₂L. The preparation of organotin(IV) compounds of N-benzoin-o-mercaptoaniline via monoanion and dianion intermediates is reported. All of the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectral (IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR) studies. Metal coordination occurs via deprotonation of the OH and SH groups, depending upon the reaction conditions.

Full text of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120004437

Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic

Chemistry

ISSN: 0094-5714 (Print) 1532-2440 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/lsrt19

N-BENZOIN-o-MERCAPTOANILINE AS AN EFFICIENT

SYNTHON FOR ORGANOTIN(IV) COMPOUNDS

M.S. Singh , A.K. Singh & Kiran Tawade

To cite this article: M.S. Singh , A.K. Singh & Kiran Tawade (2002) N-BENZOIN-o-

MERCAPTOANILINE AS AN EFFICIENT SYNTHON FOR ORGANOTIN(IV) COMPOUNDS,

Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 32:4, 639-648, DOI: 10.1081/

SIM-120004437

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SIM-120004437

Published online: 15 Feb 2007.

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Date: 26 May 2017, At: 10:21

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ꢍꢋꢌꢉꢅꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢾꢕꢈꢅꢁꢒ ꢌꢇ ꢂꢂꢆ ꢄꢁꢐꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁ ꢅꢈ ꢭꢲꢩ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢫ ꢃꢇꢒ ^ꢱꢚꢊꢏ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢄꢁꢐꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁ ꢅꢈ

ꢅꢁꢅꢄꢃꢆꢁꢅꢋꢎꢐꢅꢌꢇ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢅꢋꢁ ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢇꢕꢤꢐꢁꢕꢍ ꢃꢍ ꢃꢇ ꢌꢇꢅꢁꢄꢇꢃꢐ ꢍꢅꢃꢇꢒꢃꢄꢒ ꢌꢇ ꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢞ

ꢭꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ ꢨꢗꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇꢗꢀꢗꢆꢁꢄꢤꢃꢂꢅꢈꢃꢇꢌꢐꢌꢇꢁ^[ꢘꢘ]ꢥꢃꢍ ꢍꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢣꢁꢒ ꢪꢎ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢤꢈꢇꢒꢁꢇꢍꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇ ꢝꢱꢛꢞꢵ ꢦꢏ ꢛꢞꢛꢽ ꢆꢈꢐꢠ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢀꢗꢃꢆꢌꢇꢈꢅꢋꢌꢈꢂꢋꢁꢇꢈꢐ ꢝꢵꢞꢘꢽ ꢦꢏ

ꢛꢞꢛꢽ ꢆꢈꢐꢠ ꢒꢌꢍꢍꢈꢐꢖꢁꢒ ꢌꢇ ꢘꢽ ꢆꢬ ꢒꢄꢎ ꢁꢅꢋꢃꢇꢈꢐ ꢌꢇ ꢱꢴꢱ ꢆꢈꢐꢃꢄ ꢄꢃꢅꢌꢈꢿ ꢎꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢺꢞꢜꢙ ꢦ

ꢝꢽꢵ%ꢠꢏ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞꢱꢸꢜ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢘꢵ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢘꢽꢘꢵ ꢂꢝꢩꢫꢠ ꢱꢵꢘꢘ ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢿ

^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢘꢛꢛ ꢲꢫꢣꢏ ꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢠꢴ ꢃ ꢵꢞꢵꢸꢁꢙꢞꢘꢱ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢸꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢺꢸ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ

ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢜꢞꢙꢵ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢩꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢱꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢿ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢘꢛꢫ_ꢱꢙꢨꢧꢩ ꢝꢚꢱꢜꢠꢴ

ꢊꢏ ꢙꢽꢞꢘꢽꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢚꢚꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢸꢞꢚꢜꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢱꢛꢞꢛꢚꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢙꢽꢞꢛꢺꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢱꢘꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢸꢞꢛꢸꢿ

ꢩꢏ ꢜꢞꢺꢙꢞ

ꢍꢎꢀꢋꢏꢄꢀ Fꢄꢇ ꢄꢇꢐꢉꢀꢄꢋꢅꢀꢑꢅꢒꢓ ꢈꢄꢆꢊꢄUꢀꢔꢍ

641

ꢇꢞꢚꢠꢡꢖꢢꢗ ꢂꢞꢡꢝꢞꢞꢗ ꢊꢙ₃ꢍꢗꢈꢣ ꢚꢗꢛ ꢡꢙꢞ ꢍꢢꢛꢖꢤꢥ ꢍꢚꢣꢡ ꢢꢦ ꢀꢁꢂꢞꢗzꢢꢖꢗꢁoꢁ

ꢥꢞꢜꢠꢚꢧꢡꢢꢚꢗꢖꢣꢖꢗꢞ ꢖꢗ 1:1 ꢆꢢꢣꢚꢜ ꢇꢚꢡꢖꢢ

ꢯ ꢾꢕꢃꢇꢅꢌꢅꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢛꢞꢛꢺꢵ ꢦ ꢝꢚꢞꢽꢺ ꢆꢆꢈꢐꢠ ꢈꢉ ꢍꢈꢒꢌꢕꢆ ꢋꢎꢒꢄꢌꢒꢁ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢘꢛ ꢆꢬ ꢈꢉ ꢒꢄꢎ

ꢌꢍꢈꢂꢄꢈꢂꢃꢇꢈꢐ ꢥꢁꢄꢁ ꢂꢐꢃꢤꢁꢒ ꢌꢇ ꢃ ꢱꢛꢛ ꢆꢬ ꢅꢋꢄꢁꢁꢗꢇꢁꢤꢔꢁꢒꢏ ꢄꢈꢕꢇꢒ ꢪꢈꢅꢅꢈꢆ ¯ꢃꢍꢔ

ꢁꢾꢕꢌꢂꢂꢁꢒ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢃꢇ ꢁꢤꢌꢁꢇꢅ ꢆꢃꢦꢇꢁꢅꢌꢤ ꢍꢅꢌꢄꢄꢁꢄꢏ ꢃꢇ ꢃꢒꢒꢌꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢉꢕꢇꢇꢁꢐꢏ ꢃ ꢤꢈꢇꢒꢁꢇꢍꢁꢄ

ꢃꢇꢒ ꢃ ꢅꢥꢈꢗꢥꢃꢎ ꢪꢃꢐꢐꢈꢈꢇ ꢍꢎꢍꢅꢁꢆꢞ ꢡꢅ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢍꢅꢌꢄꢄꢁꢒ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢃꢪꢈꢕꢅ ꢋꢃꢐꢉ ꢃꢇ ꢋꢈꢕꢄ ꢅꢌꢐꢐ ꢃ

ꢤꢐꢁꢃꢄ ꢍꢈꢐꢕꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢍꢈꢒꢌꢕꢆ ꢌꢍꢈꢂꢄꢈꢂꢈꢼꢌꢒꢁ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢈꢪꢅꢃꢌꢇꢁꢒꢞ ꢭꢋꢁꢇ ꢱꢞꢱꢸꢽ ꢦ

ꢝꢚꢞꢽꢺ ꢆꢆꢈꢐꢠ ꢈꢉ ꢨꢗꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇꢗꢀꢗꢆꢁꢄꢤꢃꢂꢅꢈꢃꢇꢌꢐꢌꢇꢁ ꢌꢇ ꢘꢛ ꢆꢬ ꢈꢉ ꢒꢄꢎ ꢪꢁꢇꢣꢁꢇꢁ ꢥꢃꢍ

ꢃꢒꢒꢁꢒ ꢍꢐꢈꢥꢐꢎꢏ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢆꢌꢼꢅꢕꢄꢁ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢄꢁ¯ꢕꢼꢁꢒꢞ ꢯꢉꢅꢁꢄ ꢋꢃꢐꢉ ꢃꢇ ꢋꢈꢕꢄ ꢃ ꢐꢌꢦꢋꢅꢗꢖꢌꢈꢐꢁꢅ

ꢤꢈꢐꢈꢄ ꢃꢂꢂꢁꢃꢄꢁꢒ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ ꢤꢋꢃꢇꢦꢁꢒ ꢅꢈ ꢒꢃꢄꢔ ꢎꢁꢐꢐꢈꢥ ꢃꢉꢅꢁꢄ ꢅꢋꢄꢁꢁ ꢋꢈꢕꢄꢍꢞ ꢩꢕꢪꢍꢁꢗ

ꢾꢕꢁꢇꢅꢐꢎꢏ ꢃ ꢍꢈꢐꢕꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢱꢞꢚꢺꢱ ꢦ ꢝꢚꢞꢽꢺ ꢆꢆꢈꢐꢠ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢄꢌꢂꢋꢁꢇꢎꢐꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢤꢋꢐꢈꢄꢌꢒꢁ ꢌꢇ

ꢘꢽ ꢆꢬ ꢈꢉ ꢒꢄꢎ ꢪꢁꢇꢣꢁꢇꢁ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢃꢒꢒꢁꢒ ꢒꢄꢈꢂꢗꢥꢌꢍꢁ ꢃꢅ ꢄꢈꢈꢆ ꢅꢁꢆꢂꢁꢄꢃꢅꢕꢄꢁ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢃ

ꢒꢄꢈꢂꢂꢌꢇꢦ ꢉꢕꢇꢇꢁꢐ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢖꢁꢍꢍꢁꢐꢞ ꢯꢉꢅꢁꢄ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢅꢁ ꢃꢒꢒꢌꢅꢌꢈꢇꢏ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢆꢌꢼꢅꢕꢄꢁ

ꢅꢕꢄꢇꢁꢒ ꢦꢄꢁꢁꢇꢌꢍꢋ ꢎꢁꢐꢐꢈꢥꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢇꢅꢁꢇꢅ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢉꢕꢄꢅꢋꢁꢄ ꢄꢁ¯ꢕꢼꢁꢒ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢘ ꢋ ꢅꢈ ꢁꢇꢍꢕꢄꢁ

ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢒꢕꢄꢌꢇꢦ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ ꢇꢈ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢌ®ꢤ ꢤꢋꢃꢇꢦꢁ ꢥꢃꢍ

ꢈꢪꢍꢁꢄꢖꢁꢒꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢍꢈꢐꢕꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢅꢋꢁꢇ ®ꢐꢅꢁꢄꢁꢒ ꢅꢈ ꢄꢁꢆꢈꢖꢁ ꢨꢃꢊꢐ ꢉꢈꢄꢆꢁꢒ ꢒꢕꢄꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢤꢈꢕꢄꢍꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢈꢇꢞ ꢰꢁꢆꢈꢖꢃꢐ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢍꢈꢐꢖꢁꢇꢅ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢅꢋꢁ ®ꢐꢅꢄꢃꢅꢁ ꢕꢇꢒꢁꢄ

ꢄꢁꢒꢕꢤꢁꢒ ꢂꢄꢁꢍꢍꢕꢄꢁ ꢁꢂꢃ ꢃ ꢄꢈꢅꢃꢄꢎ ꢁꢖꢃꢂꢈꢄꢃꢅꢈꢄ ꢦꢃꢖꢁ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢒꢁꢍꢌꢄꢁꢒ ꢂꢄꢈꢒꢕꢤꢅꢏ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ

ꢥꢃꢍ ꢄꢁꢤꢄꢎꢍꢅꢃꢐꢐꢌꢣꢁꢒ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢃ ꢱꢴꢱ ꢪꢁꢇꢣꢁꢇꢁꢗꢂꢁꢅꢄꢈꢐꢁꢕꢆ ꢁꢅꢋꢁꢄ ꢝꢸꢛꢁꢵꢛ^ꢁꢠ ꢆꢌꢼꢅꢕꢄꢁꢞ ꢯꢐꢐ

ꢈꢅꢋꢁꢄ ꢈꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢒꢁꢄꢌꢖꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢨꢗꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇꢗꢀꢗꢆꢁꢄꢤꢃꢂꢅꢈꢃꢇꢌꢐꢌꢇꢁ ꢥꢁꢄꢁ ꢍꢎꢇꢗ

ꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢣꢁꢒ ꢃꢇꢃꢐꢈꢦꢈꢕꢍꢐꢎ ꢃꢍ ꢆꢁꢇꢅꢌꢈꢇꢁꢒ ꢃꢪꢈꢖꢁꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢂꢁꢄꢅꢌꢇꢁꢇꢅ ꢒꢃꢅꢃ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢅꢋꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢈꢅꢋꢁꢄ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢐꢌꢍꢅꢁꢒ ꢪꢁꢐꢈꢥꢞ

ꢊꢙ₃ꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓꢈꢏꢑꢄꢏꢓꢊꢙ] ꢑ1ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢱꢞꢽꢽ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢽ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢜꢱꢁꢜꢚ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢘꢺ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢽꢙꢺ

ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢚꢚꢘ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢱꢺ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢨꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢺꢸꢁꢙꢞꢚꢘ

ꢝꢆꢏ ꢘꢜꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢙꢵꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢘꢵ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ

ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢘꢸꢞꢵꢁꢱꢸꢱꢞꢚ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢸ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢵꢘꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ ꢱꢸꢙꢞꢵ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢵ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢞ

^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢀꢱꢜꢵꢞꢘꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢚꢺꢫ_ꢚꢱꢨꢧꢩꢩꢇ

ꢝꢵꢵꢺꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢺꢞꢘꢵꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢵꢸꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢛꢜꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢸꢞꢙꢜꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢙꢞꢺꢱꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢺꢞꢱꢘꢏ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢚꢺꢿ

ꢨꢏ ꢱꢞꢺꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢸꢞꢽꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢙꢞꢸꢽꢞ

nꢁꢂꢤ₃ꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢄꢏꢓꢊꢙ] ꢑꢨꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢛꢞꢺꢚ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢘ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢜꢚꢁꢜꢽ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢚꢛ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢽꢙꢸ

ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢚꢚꢵ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢘꢘ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢨꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢜꢘꢁꢙꢞꢸꢵ

ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢸꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢵꢵ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢘꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢱꢺꢁꢱꢞꢘꢵ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢺꢫꢏ

ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢏ ꢛꢞꢺꢺ ꢝꢅꢏ ꣂ ꢂ ꢺ ꢫꢣꢏ ꢜꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢘꢚꢞꢵꢹ

ꢱꢚꢜꢞꢚ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢺ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢵꢘꢞꢵ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ ꢱꢸꢵꢞꢺ ꢝꢊꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ ꢜꢞꢸꢘꢁꢘꢵꢞꢵꢺ

64ꢨ

ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢉꢀꢔꢋꢉWꢉꢔꢃ

ꢝꢄꢗꢢꢕꢠꢞ^{[ꢘꢚ] ꢱꢱꢜ}ꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢀꢘꢚꢸꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ

ꢊ_ꢚꢘꢫ_ꢸꢚꢨꢧꢩꢩꢇ ꢝꢵꢛꢺꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢚꢞꢱꢵꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢙꢞꢛꢙꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢚꢛꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢽꢞꢘꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢜꢞꢽꢙꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ

ꢊꢏ ꢵꢚꢞꢸꢘꢏ ꢫꢏ ꢙꢞꢚꢺꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢵꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢽꢞꢽꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢜꢞꢘꢽꢞ

ꢆꢞ_ꢨꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢄꢏꢓꢊꢙ]ꢈꢣ ꢑ3ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢱꢞꢸꢙ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢺ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢺꢱꢁꢺꢚ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢘꢘ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢽꢺꢛ

ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢚꢸꢛ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢘꢵ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢨꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢙꢺꢁꢙꢞꢱꢘ

ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢸꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢙꢛ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢱꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢱꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢵꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ

ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢱꢜꢞꢵꢁꢱꢚꢺꢞꢚ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢵꢘꢞꢱ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ

ꢱꢸꢵꢞꢺ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢺ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ ꢵꢞꢸꢸꢏ ꢵꢞꢸꢜ ꢝꢲꢁꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ

ꢀꢘꢸꢸꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢘꢘꢫ_ꢘꢘꢨꢧꢩꢩꢇꢊꢐ ꢝꢽꢛꢚꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢽꢘꢞꢸꢜꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢚꢙꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢙꢺꢿ

ꢩꢏ ꢵꢞꢚꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢚꢞꢵꢺꢏ ꢊꢐꢏ ꢙꢞꢛꢵꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢽꢘꢞꢙꢘꢏ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢵꢺꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢸꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢵꢞꢽꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ

ꢘꢚꢞꢘꢽꢏ ꢊꢐꢏ ꢵꢞꢺꢵꢞ

nꢁꢂꢤ_ꢨꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢄꢏꢓꢊꢙ]ꢈꢣ ꢑ4ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢱꢞꢸꢚ ꢦ ꢝꢙꢱ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢱꢺꢵꢁꢱꢺꢺ ꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢚꢘ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ

ꢁ

ꢱꢽꢺꢵ ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢚꢚꢸ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢘꢺ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢨꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ

ꢵꢞꢙꢺꢁꢙꢞꢱꢘ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢸꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢵꢵ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢘꢸ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢘꢘꢁꢱꢞꢚꢸ

ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢘꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢘꢠꢏ ꢛꢞꢜ ꢝꢅꢏ ꣂ ꢂ ꢺꢫꢣꢏ ꢵꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ

ꢱꢘꢛꢞꢵꢁꢱꢚꢙꢞꢵ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢜ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢵꢘꢞꢺ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ ꢱꢸꢵꢞꢚ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ

ꢜꢞꢸꢸꢁꢘꢵꢞꢸꢜ ꢝꢄꢗꢢꢕꢠꢞ^{[ꢘꢚ] ꢱꢱꢜ}ꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢀꢘꢽꢸꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ

ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢘꢺꢫ_ꢚꢸꢨꢧꢩꢩꢇꢊꢐ ꢝꢽꢺꢙꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢽꢙꢞꢘꢸꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢙꢜꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢚꢜꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢽꢞꢸꢽꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢛꢞꢘꢺꢏ ꢊꢐꢏ

ꢵꢞꢛꢽꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢽꢙꢞꢵꢘꢏ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢸꢺꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢸꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢽꢞꢵꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢛꢞꢵꢽꢏ ꢊꢐꢏ ꢵꢞꢸꢵꢞ

ꢆꢞ_ꢨꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢊꢙꢓꢄꢏ]_ꢨꢑ5ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢛꢞꢙꢺ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢺ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢺꢙꢁꢺꢜ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢘꢵ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢽꢙꢵ

ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢚꢚꢺ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢘꢸ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢨꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢙꢺꢁꢙꢞꢱꢘ

ꢝꢆꢏ ꢘꢺꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢵꢛ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢘꢫꢏ ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢱꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢘꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢛꢸ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢵꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ

^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢘꢘꢞꢵꢁꢱꢚꢺꢞꢵ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢵꢘꢞꢱ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ

ꢱꢸꢵꢞꢙ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢺ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ ꢵꢞꢚꢸꢀꢵꢞꢚꢜ ꢝꢲꢁꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ

ꢀꢚꢸꢸꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢸꢘꢫ_ꢚꢺꢨ_ꢘꢧ_ꢘꢩ_ꢘꢩꢇ ꢝꢙꢺꢵꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢸꢞꢱꢘꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢺꢚꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢚꢞꢽꢵꢿ

ꢩꢏ ꢺꢞꢱꢽꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢽꢞꢱꢽꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢸꢞꢸꢘꢏ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢸꢵꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢚꢞꢚꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢺꢞꢸꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢽꢞꢚꢽꢞ

nꢁꢂꢤ_ꢨꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢊꢙꢓꢄꢏ]_ꢨꢑ6ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢛꢞꢵꢱ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢘ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢜꢽꢁꢜꢙ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢚꢸꢚꢸ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢽꢺꢸ

ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢚꢸꢛ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢘꢵ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢨꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢺꢺꢁꢙꢞꢘꢵ

ꢍꢎꢀꢋꢏꢄꢀ Fꢄꢇ ꢄꢇꢐꢉꢀꢄꢋꢅꢀꢑꢅꢒꢓ ꢈꢄꢆꢊꢄUꢀꢔꢍ

643

ꢝꢆꢏ ꢘꢺꢫꢏ ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢽꢞꢵꢛ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢘꢫꢏ ꢧꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢚꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢘꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢘꢛꢁꢱꢞꢚꢘ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢘꢫꢏ

ꢊꢫ_ꢘꢠꢏ ꢛꢞꢜꢵ ꢝꢅꢏ ꣂ ꢂ ꢺꢫꢣꢏ ꢵꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ

ꢱꢘꢘꢞꢵꢁꢱꢚꢺꢞꢵ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢵꢘꢞꢱ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ ꢱꢸꢵꢞꢙ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢺ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ

ꢜꢞꢚꢸꢁꢘꢙꢞꢱꢜ ꢝꢄꢗꢢꢕꢠꢞ^{[ꢘꢚ] ꢱꢱꢜ}ꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢀꢚꢽꢸꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ

ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢸꢺꢫ_ꢽꢛꢨ_ꢘꢧ_ꢘꢩ_ꢘꢩꢇ ꢝꢺꢙꢛꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢵꢞꢘꢱꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢽꢙꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢚꢞꢘꢘꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢙꢞꢚꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢚꢞꢵꢜꢞ

ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢵꢞꢵꢘꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢚꢺꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢚꢞꢸꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢙꢞꢵꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢱꢚꢞꢚꢽꢞ

ꢆꢞ_ꢨꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢊꢙꢓꢄ] ꢑ7ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢛꢞꢵꢛ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢵ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢱꢸꢛꢁꢱꢸꢱ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢱꢵꢘꢛ ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ

ꢚꢚꢵ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢺꢽ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢧꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢙꢘꢁꢙꢞꢚꢘ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢸꢫꢏ

ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢚꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢛꢘ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢵꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ

ꢱꢘꢱꢞꢵꢁꢱꢚꢺꢞꢚ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢸ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ ꢱꢽꢵꢞꢽ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ ꢱꢸꢘꢞꢘ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢜ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ ꢵꢞꢚꢵꢏ

ꢵꢞꢚꢘ ꢝꢲꢁꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢚꢽꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ

ꢊ_ꢘꢘꢫ_ꢘꢱꢨꢧꢩꢩꢇ ꢝꢸꢵꢵꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢽꢵꢞꢵꢽꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢽꢱꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢚꢞꢛꢛꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢵꢞꢺꢙꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢽꢞꢽꢚꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ

ꢊꢏ ꢽꢵꢞꢸꢘꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢸꢞꢙꢺꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢚꢞꢚꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢵꢞꢸꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢽꢞꢘꢽꢞ

nꢁꢂꢤ_ꢨꢍꢗ[ꢍꢈ₆ꢏ₄ꢀ=ꢈꢑꢊꢙꢓ´ꢈꢏꢑꢊꢙꢓꢄ] ꢑ8ꢓ

ꢷꢌꢁꢐꢒ ꢛꢞꢙꢜ ꢦ ꢝꢵꢺ%ꢠꢿ ꢆꢞ ꢂꢞ ꢱꢽꢙꢁꢱꢽꢜ ^ꢁꢊꢞ ꢡꢰ ꢝꣀꢢꢄꢏ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠꢴ ꢱꢵꢘꢵ ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ

ꢚꢚꢙ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠꢏ ꢸꢺꢺ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢧꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢵꢞꢺꢺꢁꢙꢞꢘꢜ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢸꢫꢏ

ꢯꢄꢗꢫꢠꢏ ꢸꢞꢱꢵ ꢝꢍꢏ ꢱꢫꢏ ꢊꢫꢠꢏ ꢱꢞꢱꢺꢁꢱꢞꢘꢙ ꢝꢆꢏ ꢱꢘꢫꢏ ꢊꢫ_ꢘꢠꢏ ꢛꢞꢺꢵ ꢝꢅꢏ ꣂ ꢂ ꢺꢫꢣꢏ ꢵꢫꢏ

ꢊꢫ_ꢚꢠꢞ ^ꢱꢚꢊ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢘꢘꢞꢘꢁꢱꢚꢜꢞꢵ ꢝꢯꢄꢗꢊꢠꢏ^[ꢘꢚ]ꢙꢵꢞꢜ ꢝꢊ_ꢙꢠꢏ

ꢱꢽꢵꢞꢱ ꢝꢊ_ꢺꢠꢏ ꢱꢸꢘꢞꢙ ꢝꢊ_ꢜꢠꢏ ꢱꢙꢸꢞꢚ ꢝꢊ_ꢱꢛꢠꢏ ꢜꢞꢵꢸꢁꢘꢙꢞꢘꢸ ꢝꢄꢗꢢꢕꢠꢞ^{[ꢘꢚ] ꢱꢱꢜ}ꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ

ꢝꢀꢲꢩꢧꢗꢒ_ꢵꢏ ꢃ ꢂꢂꢆꢠꢴ ꢱꢚꢘꢞꢵꢞ ꢯꢇꢃꢐꢞ ꢊꢃꢐꢤꢒꢞ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢊ_ꢘꢺꢫ_ꢚꢚꢨꢧꢩꢩꢇ ꢝꢽꢽꢛꢠꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢱꢞꢛꢜꢿ

ꢫꢏ ꢵꢞꢛꢛꢿ ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢽꢽꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢽꢞꢺꢘꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢱꢞꢵꢚꢞ ꣁꢈꢕꢇꢒꢴ ꢊꢏ ꢵꢱꢞꢸꢘꢿ ꢫꢏ ꢽꢞꢺꢺꢿ

ꢨꢏ ꢘꢞꢺꢙꢿ ꢩꢏ ꢽꢞꢵꢵꢿ ꢩꢇꢏ ꢘꢱꢞꢚꢽꢞ

ꢇꢃꢍUꢌꢋꢍ ꢉꢀꢔꢔꢅꢍꢈUꢍꢍꢅꢄꢀ

ꢭꢄꢌꢈꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢒꢌꢈꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢒꢁꢄꢌꢖꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢨꢗꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇꢗꢀꢗ

ꢆꢁꢄꢤꢃꢂꢅꢈꢃꢇꢌꢐꢌꢇꢁ ꢋꢃꢖꢁ ꢪꢁꢁꢇ ꢍꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢣꢁꢒ ꢪꢎ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢤꢈꢄꢄꢁꢍꢂꢈꢇꢒꢌꢇꢦ

ꢅꢄꢌꢗ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢒꢌꢈꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢤꢋꢐꢈꢄꢌꢒꢁꢍ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢇꣃꢕꢦꢃꢅꢁ ꢪꢃꢍꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ

ꢝꢂꢄꢁꢂꢃꢄꢁꢒ ꢂꢄ ꢅꢂꢆꢇꢠ ꢌꢇ ꢒꢁꢍꢌꢄꢁꢒ ꢆꢈꢐꢃꢄ ꢄꢃꢅꢌꢈꢍ ꢁꢆꢂꢐꢈꢎꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢉꢈꢐꢐꢈꢥꢌꢇꢦ ꢄꢈꢕꢅꢁꢍꢞ

644

ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢉꢀꢔꢋꢉWꢉꢔꢃ

ꢩꢌꢆꢌꢐꢃꢄꢐꢎꢏ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢒꢌꢍꢈꢒꢌꢕꢆ ꢍꢃꢐꢅ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ ꢥꢃꢍ ꢅꢄꢁꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢰ_ꢘꢩꢇꢊꢐ_ꢘꢌꢇ

ꢱꢴꢱ ꢆꢈꢐꢃꢄ ꢄꢃꢅꢌꢈ ꢅꢈ ꢦꢌꢖꢁ ꢃ ꢤꢎꢤꢐꢌꢤ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢞ

ꢭꢋꢌꢍ ꢍꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢌꢇꢖꢈꢐꢖꢁꢍ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢌꢇꢌꢅꢌꢃꢐ ꢉꢈꢄꢆꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢒꢌꢃꢇꢌꢈꢇ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ

ꢃꢅꢅꢃꢤꢔꢍ ꢰ_ꢘꢩꢇꢊꢐ_ꢘꢐꢁꢃꢒꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢉꢈꢄꢆꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ7ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ8ꢓ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ

ꢁꢐꢌꢆꢌꢇꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢨꢃꢊꢐꢞ ꢯꢐꢐ ꢅꢋꢁꢍꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢍꢈꢐꢕꢪꢐꢁ ꢌꢇ ꢤꢈꢆꢆꢈꢇꢏ ꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢗ

ꢇꢃꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢈꢄꢦꢃꢇꢌꢤ ꢍꢈꢐꢖꢁꢇꢅꢍꢞ

ꢅꢗꢦꢜꢚꢜꢞꢛ ꢍꢧꢞꢠꢡꢜꢚ

ꢭꢋꢁ ꢡꢰ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢋꢃꢖꢁ ꢪꢁꢁꢇ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢃꢄꢁꢒ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ

ꢃꢇꢒ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢍꢋꢌꢉꢅꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢉꢄꢁꢾꢕꢁꢇꢤꢎ ꢃꢇꢒ=ꢈꢄ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢌꢇꢅꢁꢇꢍꢌꢅꢎ ꢐꢈꢥꢁꢄꢌꢇꢦꢏ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢍꢌꢅꢁꢍ ꢋꢃꢖꢁ ꢪꢁꢁꢇ ꢃꢍꢤꢁꢄꢅꢃꢌꢇꢁꢒꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢡꢰ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢕꢆ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ

ꢍꢋꢈꢥꢍ ꢪꢃꢇꢒꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢦꢌꢈꢇꢍ ꢚꢸꢘꢵꢏ ꢘꢽꢘꢵ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢱꢵꢘꢘ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢃꢍꢍꢌꢦꢇꢃꢪꢐꢁ ꢅꢈ ꢂꢝꢧꢫꢠꢏ

ꢂꢝꢩꢫꢠ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠꢏ ꢄꢁꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢌꢖꢁꢐꢎꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢂꢄꢁꢍꢁꢇꢤꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢧꢫ ꢖꢌꢪꢄꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢤꢈꢆꢗ

ꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢑ1ꢓ ꢅꢈ ꢑ6ꢓ ꢍꢋꢈꢥꢍ ꢅꢋꢃꢅ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢧꢫ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢌꢇꢅꢃꢤꢅꢏ ꢇꢈꢇꢗꢌꢈꢇꢌꢣꢁꢒ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢕꢇꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒꢏ ꢥꢋꢁꢄꢁꢃꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢑ7ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ8ꢓ ꢅꢋꢁꢎ ꢒꢌꢍꢃꢂꢂꢁꢃꢄ ꢉꢈꢄꢆꢌꢇꢦ

ꢩꢇꢗꢧ ꢪꢈꢇꢒꢍꢏ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ ꢌꢍ ꢉꢕꢄꢅꢋꢁꢄ ꢍꢕꢂꢂꢈꢄꢅꢁꢒ ꢪꢎ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢃꢂꢂꢁꢃꢄꢃꢇꢤꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢇꢁꢥ ꢪꢃꢇꢒꢍ ꢌꢇ

ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢦꢌꢈꢇ ꢸꢺꢽꢁꢸꢺꢺ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢏ ꢃꢍꢤꢄꢌꢪꢃꢪꢐꢁ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢩꢇꢗꢧ ꢆꢈꢒꢁꢞ^{[ꢱꢺꢏꢱꢜꢏꢘꢸ]}ꢭꢋꢁ ꢃꢪꢍꢁꢇꢤꢁ

ꢈꢉ ꢃ ꢪꢃꢇꢒ ꢃꢄꢈꢕꢇꢒ ꢘꢵꢛꢛ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢃꢐꢐ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢌꢇꢒꢌꢤꢃꢅꢁꢍ ꢅꢋꢃꢅ

ꢅꢋꢁ ꢩꢫ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢐꢈꢍꢁꢍ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢅꢋꢌꢈꢐ ꢂꢄꢈꢅꢈꢇ ꢅꢈ ꢉꢈꢄꢆ ꢃ ꢤꢈꢖꢃꢐꢁꢇꢅ ꢪꢈꢇꢒ ꢪꢁꢅꢥꢁꢁꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢍꢕꢐꢉꢕꢄ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢅꢌꢇ ꢌꢇ ꢃꢐꢐ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢞ ꢭꢋꢌꢍ ꢉꢃꢤꢅ ꢌꢍ ꢉꢕꢄꢅꢋꢁꢄ ꢍꢕꢂꢂꢈꢄꢅꢁꢒ ꢪꢎ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢃꢂꢂꢁꢃꢄꢃꢇꢤꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢇꢁꢥ ꢪꢃꢇꢒꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢃꢐꢐ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢃꢄꢈꢕꢇꢒ ꢚꢚꢽ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢏ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ ꢆꢃꢎ

ꢍꢎꢀꢋꢏꢄꢀ Fꢄꢇ ꢄꢇꢐꢉꢀꢄꢋꢅꢀꢑꢅꢒꢓ ꢈꢄꢆꢊꢄUꢀꢔꢍ

645

ꢪꢁ ꢃꢍꢍꢌꢦꢇꢁꢒ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢂꢝꢩꢇꢗꢩꢠ ꢆꢈꢒꢁꢞ^[ꢘꢸ]ꢯ ꢍꢅꢄꢈꢇꢦ ꢪꢃꢇꢒ ꢃꢅ ꢱꢵꢘꢘ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢃꢍꢍꢌꢦꢇꢃꢪꢐꢁ

ꢅꢈ ꢂꢝꢊꢂꢨꢠ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒꢏ ꢌꢍ ꢍꢋꢌꢉꢅꢁꢒ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢈꢥꢁꢄ ꢉꢄꢁꢾꢕꢁꢇꢤꢎ ꢍꢌꢒꢁ ꢝꢪꢎ ꢃꢪꢈꢕꢅ

ꢸꢽ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢠ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢑ1ꢓ ꢅꢈ ꢑ6ꢓ ꢌꢇꢒꢌꢤꢃꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ

ꢅꢋꢁ ꢊꢂꢨ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢌꢇꢏ^[ꢱꢜ]ꢥꢋꢌꢐꢁ ꢌꢇ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ7ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ8ꢓ ꢃ ꢪꢃꢇꢒ ꢃꢅꢱꢵꢘꢛ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢱꢵꢘꢵ ꢤꢆ^ꢀꢱꢌꢍ ꢈꢪꢍꢁꢄꢖꢁꢒ ꢍꢕꢦꢦꢁꢍꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢃꢅ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢊꢂꢨ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢌꢇꢅꢃꢤꢅ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢕꢇꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒꢞ

ꢀꢤꢠꢣꢞꢚꢜ ꢆꢚꢘꢗꢞꢡꢖꢠ ꢇꢞꢩꢢꢗꢚꢗꢠꢞ ꢍꢧꢞꢠꢡꢜꢚ

ꢭꢋꢁ ^ꢱꢫ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢁꢼꢋꢌꢪꢌꢅ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢕꢍꢕꢃꢐ ꢉꢁꢃꢅꢕꢄꢁꢍꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ

ꢍꢌꢦꢇꢃꢐ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢧꢫ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢃꢅ ꢽꢞꢺꢸ ꢂꢂꢆ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ ꢌꢍ ꢉꢈꢕꢇꢒ ꢃꢐꢆꢈꢍꢅ ꢃꢅ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢍꢃꢆꢁ

ꢂꢈꢍꢌꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ1ꢓ ꢅꢈ ꢑ6ꢓ, ꢌꢇꢒꢌꢤꢃꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢃꢅ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢧꢫ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢌꢍ ꢌꢇꢅꢃꢤꢅ

ꢃꢇꢒ ꢕꢇꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢍꢌꢦꢇꢃꢐ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢗꢧꢫ ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢒꢌꢍꢃꢂꢂꢁꢃꢄꢍ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢅꢁꢐꢎ ꢌꢇ

ꢅꢋꢁ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢑ7ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ8ꢓ, ꢅꢋꢕꢍ ꢍꢋꢈꢥꢌꢇꢦ ꢒꢁꢂꢄꢈꢅꢈꢇꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢧꢫ

ꢦꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢤꢈꢇꢍꢁꢾꢕꢁꢇꢅꢐꢎ ꢅꢌꢇꢗꢈꢼꢎꢦꢁꢇ ꢪꢈꢇꢒ ꢉꢈꢄꢆꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢆꢁꢅꢋꢎꢐ ꢂꢄꢈꢅꢈꢇꢍ

ꢃꢅꢅꢃꢤꢋꢁꢒ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢌꢇ ꢃꢂꢂꢁꢃꢄ ꢃꢍ ꢃ ꢍꢋꢃꢄꢂ ꢍꢌꢇꢦꢐꢁꢅ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢦꢌꢈꢇ ꢱꢞꢛꢘꢁꢱꢞꢱꢘ ꢂꢂꢆꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ

ꢄꢁꢍꢈꢇꢃꢇꢤꢁꢍ ꢒꢕꢁ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢪꢕꢅꢎꢐ ꢅꢌꢇ ꢂꢄꢈꢅꢈꢇꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢈꢪꢍꢁꢄꢖꢁꢒ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢦꢌꢈꢇ

ꢛꢞꢺꢵꢁꢱꢞꢚꢸ ꢂꢂꢆꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃꢐ ꢉꢁꢃꢅꢕꢄꢁꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢌꢇꢅꢁꢦꢄꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇꢍ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢤꢈꢇꢍꢌꢍꢅꢁꢇꢅ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ

ꢅꢋꢁ ꢖꢃꢄꢌꢈꢕꢍ ꢍꢅꢈꢌꢤꢋꢌꢈꢆꢁꢅꢄꢌꢁꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢪꢈꢇꢒꢌꢇꢦ ꢍꢌꢅꢁꢍ ꢃꢍ ꢌꢇꢉꢁꢄꢄꢁꢒ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢌꢇꢉꢄꢃꢄꢁꢒ

ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃꢞ

ꢭꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢥꢁꢄꢁ ꢒꢌꢍꢍꢈꢐꢖꢁꢒ ꢌꢇ ꢊꢀꢊꢐ_ꢚꢉꢈꢄ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢤꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢦ ꢈꢉ ^ꢱꢚꢊ

ꢨꢲꢰ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢥꢋꢌꢤꢋ ꢌꢍ ꢃ ꢦꢈꢈꢒ ꢒꢌꢃꢦꢇꢈꢍꢅꢌꢤ ꢅꢈꢈꢐ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢒꢁꢅꢁꢄꢆꢌꢇꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢪꢈꢇꢒꢌꢇꢦ

ꢆꢈꢒꢁꢞ ꢧꢇ ꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇꢏ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢍꢈꢇꢃꢇꢤꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢃꢄꢪꢈꢇ ꢃꢅꢈꢆꢍ ꢃꢅꢅꢃꢤꢋꢁꢒ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢊꢂꢨ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢌꢈꢐ ꢍꢕꢐꢉꢕꢄ ꢍꢋꢌꢉꢅ ꢍꢈꢆꢁ ꢘꢛꢁꢘꢽ ꢂꢂꢆ ꢒꢈꢥꢇ®ꢁꢐꢒꢏ ꢍꢕꢦꢦꢁꢍꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢪꢌꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢇꢃꢅꢕꢄꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒꢞ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ1ꢓꢏ ꢑꢨꢓꢏ ꢑ3ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ4ꢓ ꢍꢋꢈꢥ

^ꢱꣂꢝ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇꢗ^ꢱꢚꢊꢠ ꢖꢃꢐꢕꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢽꢵꢘꢏ ꢵꢱꢚꢞꢸꢏ ꢽꢵꢙ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢵꢘꢘꢞꢘ ꢫꢣꢏ ꢄꢁꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢌꢖꢁꢐꢎ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢁꢍꢁ

ꢃꢄꢁ ꢤꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢍꢅꢌꢤ ꢈꢉ ꢽꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁ ꢅꢌꢇꢞ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ5ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ6ꢓ ꢁꢼꢋꢌꢪꢌꢅꢌꢅꢇꢗ

ꢱ

ꢤꢃꢄꢪꢈꢇ ꢤꢈꢕꢂꢐꢌꢇꢦꢍ ꣂꢝ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇꢗ^ꢱꢚꢊꢠ ꢈꢉ ꢵꢙꢘ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢵꢺꢵ ꢫꢣꢏ ꢄꢁꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢌꢖꢁꢐꢎꢏ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢃꢄꢃꢪꢐꢁ

ꢅꢈ ꢍꢌꢼꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢈꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢒꢁꢄꢌꢖꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢍꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢖꢃꢐꢕꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢕꢂꢐꢌꢇꢦ

ꢤꢈꢇꢍꢅꢃꢇꢅꢍ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ7ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ8ꢓ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢍꢅꢄꢈꢇꢦꢐꢎ ꢌꢇꢒꢌꢤꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁ ꢈꢉ ꢉꢈꢕꢄꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢗ

ꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢍꢅꢄꢕꢤꢅꢕꢄꢁꢍꢞ

^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢃꢐꢐ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢋꢃꢖꢁ ꢪꢁꢁꢇ ꢄꢁꢤꢈꢄꢒꢁꢒꢿ ꢅꢋꢁꢎ ꢁꢼꢋꢌꢪꢌꢅ

ꢃ ꢍꢋꢃꢄꢂ ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢄꢁꢍꢈꢇꢃꢇꢤꢁ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢦꢌꢈꢇ ꢀꢚꢽꢸꢞꢵ ꢅꢈ ꢱꢚꢽꢞꢵ ꢂꢂꢆꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢨꢲꢰ

ꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢃ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ1ꢓ ꢅꢈ ꢑ4ꢓ ꢦꢌꢖꢁ ꢍꢌꢦꢇꢃꢐꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢦꢌꢈꢇ ꢀꢱꢜꢵꢞꢘ ꢅꢈ

ꢀꢘꢽꢸꢞꢵ ꢂꢂꢆꢏ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ5ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ6ꢓ ꢍꢋꢈꢥ ꢍꢌꢦꢇꢃꢐꢍ ꢃꢅ ꢀꢚꢸꢸꢞꢵ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢀꢚꢽꢸꢞꢵ ꢂꢂꢆꢏ ꢄꢁꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢌꢖꢁꢐꢎ ꢍꢕꢦꢦꢁꢍꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢂꢁꢇꢅꢃꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ^[ꢱꢜ]ꢃꢇꢒ ꢋꢁꢼꢃꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢗ

ꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ^[ꢱꢺ]ꢍꢅꢃꢅꢁꢍ ꢃꢄꢈꢕꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢅꢌꢇ ꢃꢅꢈꢆꢞ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢑ7ꢓ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢑ8ꢓ ꢒꢌꢍꢂꢐꢃꢎ ꢍꢋꢃꢄꢂ

^ꢱꢱꢜꢩꢇ ꢄꢁꢍꢈꢇꢃꢇꢤꢁꢍ ꢃꢅ ꢱꢚꢽꢞꢵ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢱꢚꢘꢞꢵ ꢂꢂꢆꢏ ꢄꢁꢍꢂꢁꢤꢅꢌꢖꢁꢐꢎꢏ ꢍꢋꢈꢥꢌꢇꢦ ꢅꢁꢅꢄꢃꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢗ

ꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢅꢌꢇꢞ^[ꢘꢸ]

ꢭꢋꢕꢍꢏ ꢈꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢪꢃꢍꢌꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢃꢪꢈꢖꢁ ꢍꢅꢕꢒꢌꢁꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢂꢈꢄꢅꢍ ꢃꢐꢄꢁꢃꢒꢎ

ꢃꢖꢃꢌꢐꢃꢪꢐꢁ ꢌꢇ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢅꢁꢄꢃꢅꢕꢄꢁꢏ ꢌꢅ ꢪꢁꢤꢈꢆꢁꢍ ꢤꢐꢁꢃꢄ ꢅꢋꢃꢅ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢐꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ ꢌꢍ ꢪꢁꢋꢃꢖꢌꢇꢦ ꢌꢇ

646

ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢉꢀꢔꢋꢉWꢉꢔꢃ

ꢃ ꢪꢌꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢆꢃꢇꢇꢁꢄꢞ ꢭꢋꢁꢄꢁꢉꢈꢄꢁꢏ ꢅꢁꢅꢄꢃꢗꢏ ꢂꢁꢇꢅꢃꢗ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢋꢁꢼꢃꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢁꢇꢖꢌꢄꢗ

ꢈꢇꢆꢁꢇꢅꢍ ꢃꢄꢈꢕꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢅꢌꢇ ꢃꢅꢈꢆ ꢆꢃꢎ ꢪꢁ ꢅꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢐꢎ ꢂꢄꢈꢂꢈꢍꢁꢒ ꢉꢈꢄ ꢅꢋꢁ ꢄꢁꢍꢕꢐꢅꢌꢇꢦ

ꢤꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢞ

ꢉꢈKꢀꢄWꢌꢃꢔꢐꢆꢃꢀꢋ

ꣁꢌꢇꢃꢇꢤꢌꢃꢐ ꢍꢕꢂꢂꢈꢄꢅ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢊꢈꢕꢇꢤꢌꢐ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢤꢌꢁꢇꢅꢌ®ꢤ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢡꢇꢒꢕꢍꢅꢄꢌꢃꢐ ꢰꢁꢍꢁꢃꢄꢤꢋꢏ

ꢨꢁꢥ ꢀꢁꢐꢋꢌ ꢌꢍ ꢦꢄꢃꢅꢁꢉꢕꢐꢐꢎ ꢃꢤꢔꢇꢈꢥꢐꢁꢒꢦꢁꢒꢞ

ꢇꢃFꢃꢇꢃꢀꢈꢃꢍ

ꢱꢞ ꢯꢔꢌꢪꢃꢏ ꣀꢞ ꢳꢒꢞꢿ ꢈꢉꢊꢋꢂꢅꢆꢌꢍ ꢀꢎ ꢏꢍꢐꢊꢌꢁꢃꢑꢊꢄꢆ ꢈꢀꢋꢐꢀꢇꢄꢒꢅꢿ ꢻꢌꢐꢁꢎꢗꢮꢊꢫ

ꢻꢁꢌꢇꢋꢁꢌꢆꢴ ꢓꢁꢄꢆꢃꢇꢎꢏ ꢱꢜꢜꢜ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢄꢁꢉꢁꢄꢁꢇꢤꢁꢍ ꢅꢋꢁꢄꢁꢌꢇꢿ ꢫꢈꢐꢆꢁꢍꢏ ꢰꢞꢰꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ

ꢩꢅꢁꢄꢁꢈꢤꢋꢁꢆꢌꢍꢅꢄꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢨꢕꢤꢐꢁꢈꢂꢋꢌꢐꢌꢤ ꢩꢕꢪꢍꢅꢌꢅꢕꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢃꢅ ꢭꢁꢅꢄꢃꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢩꢌꢐꢗ

ꢌꢤꢈꢇꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢰꢁꢖꢞ 199ꢟꢏ 9ꢓꢏ ꢱꢙꢿ ꢊꢋꢕꢌꢅꢏ ꢊꢞꢿ ꢊꢈꢄꢄꢌꢕꢏ ꢰꢞꣂꢞꢟꢞꢿ ꢰꢁꢎꢁꢏ ꢊꢞꢿ

ꢷꢈꢕꢇꢦꢏ ꣂꢞꢊꢞ ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢖꢌꢅꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢟꢁꢇꢅꢃꢗ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢫꢁꢼꢃꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁ ꢩꢌꢐꢌꢤꢈꢇ ꢊꢈꢆꢗ

ꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢅꢋꢁꢌꢄ ꢰꢈꢐꢁ ꢃꢍ ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢡꢇꢅꢁꢄꢆꢁꢒꢌꢃꢅꢁꢍꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢰꢁꢖꢞ 1993ꢏ

9ꢔꢏ ꢱꢚꢙꢱꢞ

ꢘꢞ ꢢꢃꢄꢪꢌꢁꢄꢌꢏ ꢰꢞꢿ ꢯꢐꢈꢇꢣꢈꢏ ꢓꢞꢿ ꢩꢌꢐꢖꢁꢍꢅꢄꢌꢏ ꢯꢞꢿ ꢢꢕꢄꢄꢌꢈꢤꢍꢤꢌꢏ ꢨꢞꢿ ꢢꢁꢄꢅꢃꢣꢣꢌꢏ ꢨꢞꢿ

ꢩꢅꢈꢤꢤꢈꢏ ꢓꢞꢊꢞꢿ ꢟꢁꢐꢐꢁꢄꢌꢅꢈꢏ ꢬꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢕꢐꢂꢋꢕꢄꢗꢨꢌꢅꢄꢈꢦꢁꢇ

ꢊꢋꢁꢐꢃꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢯꢦꢁꢇꢅꢍꢞ ꢓꢃꢣꢣꢞ ꢊꢋꢌꢆꢞ ꢡꢅꢃꢐꢞ 1974ꢏ ꢕꢓꢖꢏ ꢺꢺꢽꢿ ꣂꢕꢄꢔꢍꢤꢋꢃꢅꢏ ꣀꢞꢿ

ꢟꢌꢁꢂꢁꢄꢏ ꢨꢞꢿ ꢩꢁꢁꢆꢁꢎꢁꢄꢏ ꢩꢞꢿ ꢩꢤꢋꢕꢄꢆꢃꢇꢇꢏ ꢲꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍꢏ ꢲꢈꢐꢁꢤꢕꢐꢃꢄ ꢩꢅꢄꢕꢤꢗ

ꢅꢕꢄꢁꢏ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢩꢈꢐꢕꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢩꢅꢁꢄꢁꢈꢤꢋꢁꢆꢌꢍꢅꢄꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢫꢎꢂꢁꢄꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢢꢌꢍꢝꢚꢗ

ꢝꢒꢌꢆꢁꢅꢋꢎꢐꢃꢆꢌꢇꢈꢠꢂꢄꢈꢂꢎꢐꢠꢅꢌꢇ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍꢞ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢆꢁꢅꢃꢐꢐꢌꢤꢍ ꢨꢟꢟ1ꢏ ꢗꢓꢏ ꢺꢵꢺꢞ

ꢚꢞ ꢨꢃꢄꢃꢇꢦꢏ ꣀꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢬꢃꢐꢏ ꢰꢞꢯꢞꢿ ꢭꢋꢃꢂꢃꢏ ꢰꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢓꢃꢕꢅꢃꢆꢏ ꢮꢞꣀꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍꢏ

ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢣꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢩꢅꢄꢕꢤꢅꢕꢄꢃꢐ ꢯꢍꢍꢁꢍꢍꢆꢁꢇꢅ ꢈꢉ ꢨꢌꢅꢄꢃꢅꢈꢏ ꢊꢋꢐꢈꢄꢈꢏ

ꢢꢄꢈꢆꢈꢏ ꢟꢁꢄꢤꢋꢐꢈꢄꢃꢅꢈꢏ ꢭꢋꢌꢈꢤꢎꢃꢇꢃꢅꢈ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢩꢕꢐꢂꢋꢃꢅꢈ ꢲꢈꢇꢈꢝꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇꢅꢋꢌꢈꢗ

ꢍꢁꢆꢌꢤꢃꢄꢪꢃꢣꢈꢇꢃꢅꢈꢠꢗꢊꢈꢂꢂꢁꢄꢝꢡꢡꢠ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢞ ꢭꢄꢃꢇꢍꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1988ꢏ ꢕꢔꢏ

ꢘꢱꢘꢿ ꢳꢐꢗꢯꢍꢆꢎꢏ ꢯꢞꢯꢞꢿ ꢩꢋꢃꢋꢌꢪꢌꢏ ꢷꢞꢲꢞꢿ ꢢꢃꢪꢃꢾꢌꢏ ꢯꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢲꢈꢕꢇꢌꢄꢏ ꢲꢞꢿ

ꢯꢍꢋꢈꢕꢄꢏ ꢩꢞꢯꢞ ꢟꢋꢎꢍꢌꢤꢃꢐꢏ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢌꢤꢃꢐ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢢꢌꢈꢐꢈꢦꢌꢤꢃꢐ ꢩꢅꢕꢒꢌꢁꢍ ꢈꢇ ꢭꢄꢃꢇꢍꢌꢅꢌꢈꢇ

ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢊꢋꢁꢐꢃꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢭꢄꢌꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢬꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒꢞ ꢭꢄꢃꢇꢍꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ

1988ꢏ ꢕꢔꢏ ꢚꢚꢘꢞ

ꢸꢞ ꢀꢃꢖꢌꢁꢍꢏ ꢯꢞꢓꢞꢿ ꢩꢆꢌꢅꢋꢏ ꢟꢞꣂꢞ ꢡꢇ ꢈꢀꢋꢐꢌꢊꢉꢊꢄꢅꢂꢁꢊ ꢘꢌꢙꢃꢄꢀꢋꢊꢆꢃꢑꢑꢂꢚ ꢈꢉꢊꢋꢂꢅꢆꢌꢍꢿ

ꢻꢌꢐꢔꢌꢇꢍꢈꢇꢏ ꢓꢞꢏ ꢩꢅꢈꢇꢁꢏ ꣁꢞꢓꢞꢯꢞꢏ ꢯꢪꢁꢐꢏ ꢳꢞꢻꢞ ꢳꢒꢍꢞꢿ ꢟꢁꢄꢦꢃꢆꢈꢇ ꢟꢄꢁꢍꢍꢴ

ꢧꢼꢉꢈꢄꢒꢏ ꢱꢜꢺꢘꢿ ꢽꢙꢜꢞ

ꢽꢞ ꢟꢈꢐꢐꢁꢄꢏ ꢰꢞꢊꢞ ꢛꢉꢊ ꢈꢉꢊꢋꢂꢅꢆꢌꢍ ꢀꢎ ꢘꢌꢙꢃꢄꢀꢆꢂꢄ ꢈꢀꢋꢐꢀꢇꢄꢒꢅꢿ ꢯꢤꢃꢒꢁꢆꢌꢤ ꢟꢄꢁꢍꢍꢴ

ꢨꢁꢥ ꢷꢈꢄꢔꢏ ꢱꢜꢙꢛꢿ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢃꢇꢤꢁꢄ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢈꢅꢋꢁꢄꢃꢂꢎꢞ

ꢊꢃꢆꢂꢪꢁꢐꢏ ꢲꢞꣂꢞꢲꢞ ꢊꢈꢈꢄꢒꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢰꢁꢖꢞ 1975ꢏ ꢕꢜꢏ ꢘꢙꢜꢞ

ꢵꢞ ꢯꢆꢌꢇꢃꢪꢋꢃꢖꢌꢏ ꢭꢞꢲꢞꢿ ꢢꢌꢄꢃꢒꢃꢄꢏ ꢨꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢟꢃꢅꢌꢐꢏ ꢩꢞꢢꢞꢿ ꢰꢈꢒꢒꢃꢪꢃꢍꢃꢇꢃꢦꢈꢕꢒꢃꢄꢏ

ꢮꢞꢡꢞꢿ ꢰꢕꢒꢣꢌꢇꢍꢔꢌꢏ ꢻꢞꣁꢞ ꢩꢅꢄꢕꢤꢅꢕꢄꢃꢐ ꣁꢁꢃꢅꢕꢄꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢈꢆꢁ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ

ꢍꢎꢀꢋꢏꢄꢀ Fꢄꢇ ꢄꢇꢐꢉꢀꢄꢋꢅꢀꢑꢅꢒꢓ ꢈꢄꢆꢊꢄUꢀꢔꢍ

647

ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢁꢆꢌꢗ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢭꢋꢌꢈꢍꢁꢆꢌꢤꢃꢄꢪꢃꢣꢈꢇꢁꢍꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢊꢋꢌꢆꢞ ꢯꢤꢅꢃ 1985ꢏ

ꢕꢓꢝꢏ ꢘꢚꢱꢞ

ꢙꢞ ꣀꢐꢌꢆꢆꢁꢄꢏ ꢰꢞꢧꢞ ꢯꢇꢅꢌꢤꢃꢇꢤꢁꢄ ꢯꢤꢅꢌꢖꢌꢅꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍꢞ ꢟ¯ꢃꢇꢗ

ꢣꢁꢇꢤꢋꢕꢅꢣꢪꢁꢄꢌꢤꢋꢅꢁ 1968ꢏ ꢔꢝꢏ ꢽꢙꢿ ꢢꢃꢕꢕꢗꢫꢃꢌꢏ ꢨꢞꢟꢞꢿ ꢮꢈꢤꢏ ꢭꢞꢢꢞꢿ Xꢕꢈꢇꢦꢏ

ꢨꢞꢀꢞ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇ ꢫꢃꢐꢌꢒꢁꢍ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢯꢆꢪꢌꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢩꢏ ꢨ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢧ ꢀꢈꢇꢈꢄ ꢬꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒꢍꢞ ꢢꢕꢐꢐꢞ ꢩꢈꢤꢞ ꢊꢋꢌꢆꢞ ꣁꢄꢃꢇꢤꢁ 1955ꢏ ꢵꢜꢸꢞ

ꢺꢞ ꢯꢐꢌꢏ ꢲꢞꢯꢞꢿ ꢬꢌꢖꢌꢇꢦꢍꢅꢈꢇꢁꢏ ꢩꢞꢳꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢕꢐꢂꢋꢕꢄꢗꢨꢌꢅꢄꢈꢦꢁꢇ

ꢊꢋꢁꢐꢃꢅꢌꢇꢦ ꢯꢦꢁꢇꢅꢍꢞ ꢊꢈꢈꢄꢒꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢰꢁꢖꢞ 1974ꢏ ꢕꢔꢏ ꢱꢛꢱꢞ

ꢜꢞ ꢫꢃꢌꢒꢕꢤꢏ ꢡꢞꢿ ꢩꢌꢐꢖꢁꢍꢅꢄꢕꢏ ꢊꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢈꢕꢇꢒꢍ ꢌꢇ ꢊꢃꢇꢤꢁꢄ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢈꢅꢋꢁꢄꢃꢂꢎꢞ

ꢊꢈꢈꢄꢒꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢰꢁꢖꢞ 199ꢟꢏ 99ꢏ ꢘꢽꢚꢞ

ꢱꢛꢞ ꢲꢈꢋꢃꢂꢃꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢢꢞꢢꢞꢿ ꢲꢈꢋꢃꢂꢃꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢢꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢓꢕꢄꢕꢏ ꢩꢞ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢭꢁꢅꢄꢃꢗ

ꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢩꢤꢋꢌ ꢢꢃꢍꢁꢍ ꢑꢍꢌꢇꢦ ꢢꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇ ꢃꢍ ꢃ ꢢꢃꢍꢌꢤ ꢨꢕꢤꢐꢁꢕꢍꢞ ꣂꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢨꢕꢤꢐꢞ

ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1977ꢏ ꢔ9ꢏ ꢘꢘꢜꢱꢞ

ꢱꢱꢞ ꢲꢈꢋꢃꢂꢃꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢢꢞꢢꢞꢿ ꢲꢈꢋꢃꢂꢃꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢢꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢓꢕꢄꢕꢏ ꢩꢞ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢊꢈꢗ

ꢪꢃꢐꢅꢝꢡꢡꢠꢏ ꢨꢌꢤꢔꢁꢐꢝꢡꢡꢠꢏ ꢊꢈꢂꢂꢁꢄꢝꢡꢡꢠꢏ ꢊꢃꢒꢆꢌꢕꢆꢝꢡꢡꢠ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢲꢁꢄꢤꢕꢄꢎꢝꢡꢡꢠ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ

ꢭꢁꢅꢄꢃꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢩꢤꢋꢌ ꢢꢃꢍꢁ ꢬꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒꢍꢞ ꣂꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢨꢕꢤꢐꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1978ꢏ ꢖꢓꢏ ꢱꢚꢸꢿ

ꢲꢕꢔꢋꢈꢂꢃꢒꢋꢎꢃꢎꢏ ꢰꢞꢿ ꢢꢋꢃꢅꢅꢃꢤꢋꢃꢄꣃꢁꢁꢏ ꢩꢞꢿ ꢟꢃꢅꢁꢐꢏ ꢊꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꣀꢃꢄꢆꢃꢔꢁꢄꢏ ꢩꢞꢿ

ꢢꢋꢃꢅꢅꢃꢤꢋꢃꢄꢎꢎꢃꢏ ꢰꢞ ꢓꢁꢇꢁꢄꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢲꢃꢇꢦꢃꢇꢁꢍꢁꢝꢡꢡꢡꢠ ꢖꢍꢞ ꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ

ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢃ ꢊꢈꢇꣃꢕꢦꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢧꢨꢩ ꢀꢈꢇꢈꢄ ꢩꢁꢅꢴ ꢊꢈꢇꢅꢄꢈꢐꢐꢌꢇꢦ ꢳꢁꢤꢅ ꢈꢉ ꢬꢌꢦꢃꢇꢒ

ꢩꢕꢪꢍꢅꢌꢅꢕꢁꢇꢅꢍꢞ ꣂꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢩꢈꢤꢞꢏ ꢀꢃꢐꢅꢈꢇ ꢭꢄꢃꢇꢍꢞ 1997ꢏ ꢘꢘꢵꢙꢞ

ꢱꢘꢞ ꢩꢃꢋꢕꢏ ꣀꢞꢬꢞꢿ ꢟꢄꢃꢍꢃꢒꢏ ꢟꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢟꢃꢇꢒꢃꢏ ꢯꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢓꢕꢄꢕꢏ ꢩꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢣꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢟꢋꢎꢍꢌꢈꢐꢈꢦꢌꢤꢃꢐꢐꢎ ꢯꢤꢅꢌꢖꢁ ꢩꢤꢋꢌ

ꢢꢃꢍꢁꢍꢞ ꢭꢄꢃꢇꢍꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 199ꢟꢏ ꢕꢜꢏ ꢘꢙꢛꢞ

ꢱꢚꢞ ꢲꢃꢄꢅꢈꢇꢏ ꢀꢞꢿ ꢰꢕꢍꢍꢈꢏ ꢑꢞꢿ ꢩꢅꢌꢖꢃꢇꢁꢐꢐꢈꢏ ꢀꢞꢿ ꢭꢃꢦꢐꢌꢃꢖꢌꢇꢌꢏ ꢓꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢖꢌꢅꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢫꢎꢂꢁꢄꢖꢃꢐꢁꢇꢅ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢞ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢆꢁꢅꢃꢐꢐꢌꢤꢍ 1996ꢏ

ꢕꢜꢏ ꢱꢵꢸꢽꢞ

ꢱꢸꢞ ꢢꢋꢃꢆꢪꢋꢃꢇꢌꢏ ꢩꢞꢿ ꢩꢃꢼꢁꢇꢃꢏ ꢩꢞꢿ ꢰꢃꢌꢏ ꢯꢞꣀꢞ ꢯ ꢨꢁꢥ ꢯꢤꢤꢁꢍꢍ ꢅꢈ ꢟꢁꢇꢅꢃꢗ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢫꢁꢼꢃꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢞ ꢲꢃꢌꢇ ꢓꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ

1995ꢏ ꢕꢞꢏ ꢘꢽꢱꢞ

ꢱꢽꢞ ꢓꢕꢂꢅꢃꢏ ꢰꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢰꢃꢌꢏ ꢯꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢲꢁꢋꢄꢈꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢰꢞꢊꢞ ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢌꢖꢌꢅꢎ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢩꢅꢁꢄꢁꢈꢗ

ꢤꢋꢁꢆꢌꢍꢅꢄꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢊꢋꢌꢆꢞ ꢯꢤꢅꢃ 1984ꢏ ꢞꢗꢏ ꢱꢸꢽꢞ

ꢱꢵꢞ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢭꢄꢌꢂꢃꢅꢋꢌꢏ ꢑꢞꢨꢞꢿ ꢰꢃꣃꢕꢏ ꢲꢞꢀꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢍꢃꢗ

ꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢍꢈꢆꢁ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢀꢁꢄꢌꢖꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢘꢗꢝꢨꢗꢩꢃꢐꢌꢤꢎꢐꢌꢒꢁꢇꢁꢠꢗꢽꢗ

ꢊꢋꢐꢈꢄꢈꢪꢁꢇꢣꢈꢂꢋꢁꢇꢈꢇꢁꢞ ꢲꢃꢌꢇ ꢓꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1997ꢏ ꢗꢓꢏ ꢸꢜꢙꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ

ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢭꢃꢥꢃꢒꢁꢏ ꣀꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢍꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢈꢆꢁ ꢨꢁꢥ

ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢤꢋꢌ ꢢꢃꢍꢁ ꢀꢁꢄꢌꢖꢁꢒ ꢉꢄꢈꢆ ꢩꢃꢐꢌꢤꢎꢐꢃꢐꢒꢁꢋꢎꢒꢁ

ꢃꢇꢒ ꢫꢎꢒꢄꢃꢣꢌꢇꢁ ꢫꢎꢒꢄꢃꢅꢁꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢞ ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞꢗꢧꢄꢦꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ ꢨꢟꢟꢟꢏ

ꢔꢓꢏ ꢱꢛꢱꢽꢞ

ꢱꢙꢞ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢰꢃꣃꢕꢏ ꢲꢞꢀꢞꢿ ꢭꢃꢥꢃꢒꢁꢏ ꣀꢞꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢯꢞꣀꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ

ꢩꢂꢁꢤꢅꢄꢈꢍꢤꢈꢂꢌꢤ ꢩꢅꢕꢒꢎ ꢈꢉ ꢩꢈꢆꢁ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢀꢁꢄꢌꢖꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢢꢁꢇꢗ

ꢣꢌꢐꢆꢈꢇꢈꢗꢩꢁꢆꢌꢤꢃꢄꢪꢃꢣꢈꢇꢁꢞ ꢲꢃꢌꢇ ꢓꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1998ꢏ ꢗꢕꢏ ꢸꢺꢜꢿ

ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢍꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ

648

ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢍꢅꢀꢐꢏ, ꢉꢀꢔꢋꢉWꢉꢔꢃ

ꢀꢁꢄꢌꢖꢃꢅꢌꢖꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢢꢁꢇꢣꢌꢐꢗꢆꢈꢇꢈꢋꢎꢒꢄꢃꢣꢈꢇꢁꢞ ꢡꢇꢒꢌꢃꢇ ꣂꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1998ꢏ ꢔꢝꢟꢏ

ꢜꢱꢱꢞ

ꢱꢺꢞ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢰꢃꣃꢕꢏ ꢲꢞꢀꢞꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢯꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢨꢃꢄꢃꢎꢃꢇꢏ ꢟꢞ ꢩꢈꢆꢁ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ

ꢈꢉ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢊꢋꢐꢈꢄꢌꢒꢁ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢩꢃꢐꢌꢤꢎꢐꢃꢐꢒꢁꢋꢎꢒꢁ ꢭꢋꢌꢈꢍꢁꢆꢌꢤꢃꢄꢪꢃꢣꢈꢇꢁꢞ

ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢞ ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞꢗꢧꢄꢦꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1999ꢏ ꢗ9ꢏ ꢙꢚꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ

ꢭꢃꢥꢃꢒꢁꢏ ꣀꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢣꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢈꢉ ꢍꢈꢆꢁ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ

ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢢꢁꢇꢣꢈꢌꢇꢗꢀꢗꢈꢼꢌꢆꢁꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢞ ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞꢗꢧꢄꢦꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ

ꢨꢟꢟ1ꢏ ꢔꢕꢏ ꢱꢽꢙꢞ

ꢱꢜꢞ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢭꢃꢥꢃꢒꢁꢏ ꣀꢞꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢯꢞꣀꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢍꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ

ꢈꢉ ꣁꢈꢕꢄ ꢃꢇꢒ ꣁꢌꢖꢁꢗꢤꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁ ꢭꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢩꢃꢐꢈꢂꢋꢁꢇꢃꢅꢁꢍꢞ ꢲꢃꢌꢇ ꢓꢄꢈꢕꢂ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ

ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1999ꢏ ꢗꢗꢏ ꢱꢙꢽꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢲꢞꢩꢞꢿ ꢰꢃꣃꢕꢏ ꢲꢞꢀꢞꢿ ꢩꢌꢇꢦꢋꢏ ꢟꢞꣀꢞꢿ ꢭꢌꢥꢃꢄꢌꢏ

ꢩꢞꣀꢞ ꢊꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇ ꢢꢁꢋꢃꢖꢌꢈꢕꢄ ꢈꢉ ꢢꢁꢇꢣꢌꢐꢆꢈꢇꢈꢼꢌꢆꢁ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢢꢁꢇꢣꢌꢐꢒꢌꢈꢼꢌꢆꢁ

ꢭꢈꢥꢃꢄꢒꢍ ꢧꢄꢦꢃꢇꢈꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠꢴ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢊꢋꢃꢄꢃꢤꢅꢁꢄꢌꢣꢃꢅꢌꢈꢇꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢞ

ꢰꢁꢃꢤꢅꢞ ꢡꢇꢈꢄꢦꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞꢗꢧꢄꢦꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1999ꢏ ꢗ9ꢏ ꢙꢱꢱꢞ

ꢘꢛꢞ ꢯꢄꢆꢃꢄꢁꢦꢈꢏ ꢻꢞꢬꢞꣁꢞꢿ ꢟꢁꢄꢄꢌꢇꢏ ꢀꢞꢀꢞ ꢠꢇꢌꢂ®ꢚꢃꢆꢂꢀꢄ ꢀꢎ ꢡꢃꢢꢀꢌꢃꢆꢀꢌꢍ ꢈꢉꢊꢋꢂꢚꢃꢑꢅꢏ

ꢸꢅꢋ ꢳꢒꢇꢞꢿ ꢢꢕꢅꢅꢁꢄꢥꢈꢄꢅꢋꢗꢫꢁꢌꢇꢁꢆꢃꢇꢇꢴ ꢧꢼꢉꢈꢄꢒ ꢧXꢘ ꢺꢀꢟꢏ ꢱꢜꢜꢙꢞ

ꢘꢱꢞ ꢢꢃꢍꢍꢁꢅꢏ ꣂꢞꢿ ꢀꢁꢇꢇꢁꢎꢏ ꢰꢞꢊꢞꢿ ꣂꢁꢁꢄꢎꢏ ꢓꢞꢫꢞꢿ ꢲꢁꢇꢒꢋꢃꢆꢏ ꣂꢞ ꢣꢀꢙꢊꢑ'ꢅ ꢛꢊꢤꢆ

ꢥꢀꢀꢦ ꢀꢎ Qꢇꢃꢑꢂꢆꢃꢆꢂꢁꢊ ꢧꢄꢀꢌꢙꢃꢄꢂꢚ ꢟꢄꢃꢑꢍꢅꢂꢅꢏ ꢸꢅꢋ ꢳꢒꢇꢞꢿ ꢬꢈꢇꢦꢆꢃꢇꢴ ꢑꢞꣀꢞꢏ

ꢱꢜꢙꢺꢞ

ꢘꢘꢞ ꢲꢈꢋꢃꢂꢃꢅꢄꢃꢏ ꢢꢞꢢꢞꢿ ꢟꢃꢅꢁꢐ ꢢꢞꣀꢞ ꢟꢈꢐꢎꢆꢁꢅꢃꢐꢐꢌꢤ ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍꢴ ꢟꢃꢄꢅ Xꢡꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢃꢐ

ꢊꢈꢆꢂꢐꢁꢼꢁꢍ ꢥꢌꢅꢋ ꢧꢨꢗꢨꢧ ꢭꢁꢅꢄꢃꢒꢁꢇꢅꢃꢅꢁ ꢩꢤꢋꢌ ꢢꢃꢍꢁꢍꢏ ꢨꢏꢨ^ꢃꢗꢢꢌꢍꢝꢪꢁꢇꢗ

ꢣꢈꢌꢇꢠꢗꢪꢁꢇꢣꢌꢒꢌꢇꢁꢞ ꢭꢄꢃꢇꢍꢞ ꢲꢁꢅꢞ ꢊꢋꢁꢆꢞ 1987ꢏ ꢕꢗꢏ ꢸꢜꢞ

ꢘꢚꢞ ꢭꢋꢁ ꢇꢕꢆꢪꢁꢄ ꢈꢉ ꢄꢁꢍꢈꢇꢃꢇꢤꢁꢍ ꢈꢪꢍꢁꢄꢖꢁꢒ ꢁꢼꢂꢁꢄꢌꢆꢁꢇꢅꢃꢐꢐꢎ ꢃꢄꢁ ꢁꢾꢕꢃꢐ ꢅꢈ ꢅꢋꢁ

ꢇꢕꢆꢪꢁꢄ ꢈꢉ ꢁꢼꢂꢁꢤꢅꢁꢒ ꢈꢇꢁꢍꢞ

ꢘꢸꢞ ꢩꢃꢼꢁꢇꢃꢏ ꢯꢞꢿ ꢭꢃꢇꢒꢈꢇꢏ ꣂꢞꢟꢞ ꢩꢎꢇꢅꢋꢁꢍꢌꢍ ꢈꢉ ꢽꢗ & ꢵꢗꢊꢈꢈꢄꢒꢌꢇꢃꢅꢁꢒ ꢀꢌꢗ &

ꢭꢄꢌꢗꢇꢗꢪꢕꢅꢎꢐꢅꢌꢇꢝꢡꢮꢠ ꢩꢁꢆꢌ ꢃꢇꢒ ꢭꢋꢌꢈꢍꢁꢆꢌꢤꢃꢄꢪꢃꢣꢃꢅꢁꢍꢞ ꢟꢈꢐꢎꢋꢁꢒꢄꢈꢇ 1984ꢏ ꢔꢏ

ꢵꢺꢱꢞ

ꢰꢁꢤꢁꢌꢖꢁꢒ ꢩꢁꢂꢅꢁꢆꢪꢁꢄ ꢱꢱꢏ ꢘꢛꢛꢱ

ꢯꢤꢤꢁꢂꢅꢁꢒ ꣂꢃꢇꢕꢃꢄꢎ ꢱꢵꢏ ꢘꢛꢛꢘ

ꢰꢁꢉꢁꢄꢁꢁ ꢡꢴ ꢬꢞ ꢩꢅꢃꢋꢐ

ꢰꢁꢉꢁꢄꢁꢁ ꢡꢡꢴ ꢓꢞ ꢳꢇꢦ

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Source and publish data:

Authors:

Article abstract of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120004437

Full text of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120004437

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