Synthesis and characterization of three new unsymmetrical porphyrins and their cobalt complexes

Article abstract of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120005606

The synthesis and characterization of three new unsymmetrical porphyrins and their Co(II) complexes are reported. The method that is used by synthesizing the porphyrins has not previously been reported. Structural assignment of the porphyrins and their Co

Full text of DOI:10.1081/SIM-120005606

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Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic
Chemistry
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE NEW
UNSYMMETRICAL PORPHYRINS AND THEIR COBALT
COMPLEXES
Xiaoquan Lu a , Zaixin Geng a , Yongsheng Wang a , Baoqiang Lv a & Jingwan Kang b
a Department of Chemistry , Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070,
People's Republic of China
b Department of Chemistry , Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070,
People's Republic of China
Published online: 20 Aug 2006.
To cite this article: Xiaoquan Lu , Zaixin Geng , Yongsheng Wang , Baoqiang Lv & Jingwan Kang (2002) SYNTHESIS AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE NEW UNSYMMETRICAL PORPHYRINS AND THEIR COBALT COMPLEXES, Synthesis and Reactivity in
Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 32:5, 843-851, DOI: 10.1081/SIM-120005606
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SIM-120005606
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ꢫꢶꢑꢢꢮꢩ ꢟꢰꢷꢋꢢꢩ ꢦꢑꢸꢟꢙꢩ ꢯꢰꢢꢩꢤꢸꢟꢙꢩ ꢋꢮꢰꢯꢩꢐ ꢛꢴꢥꢹꢧꢐ ꢺꢻꢛꢼꢺꢹꢭ ꢥꢴꢜꢜꢴꢧ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢆꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢉꢄꢇꢊꢇꢉꢃꢅꢊꢆꢋꢇꢃꢆꢌꢂ
ꢌꢍ ꢃꢄꢊꢅꢅ ꢂꢅꢎ ꢏꢂꢀꢁꢐꢐꢅꢃꢊꢆꢉꢇꢑ
ꢒꢌꢊꢒꢄꢁꢊꢆꢂꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢃꢄꢅꢆꢊ ꢉꢌꢓꢇꢑꢃ
ꢉꢌꢐꢒꢑꢅꢔꢅꢀ
ꢔꢕꢖꢗꢘꢙꢖꢚ ꢑꢙꢛꢀ ꢋꢖꢕꢜꢕꢚ ꢝꢞꢚꢟꢛ ꢁꢗꢚꢟꢠꢡꢞꢚꢟ ꢎꢖꢚꢟꢛ
ꢓꢖꢗꢘꢕꢖꢚꢟ ꢑꢢꢛ ꢖꢚꢣ ꢤꢕꢚꢟꢥꢖꢚ ꢦꢖꢚꢟꢀ
ꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢍꢎꢆꢅꢏꢐ ꢑꢉꢅꢆꢌꢒꢂꢎꢆ ꢑꢉꢅꢇꢄꢓ
ꢔꢈꢍꢕꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏꢐ ꢖꢄꢈꢗꢌꢉꢘꢐ ꢙꢄꢈꢎꢘ ꢚꢛꢜꢜꢚꢜꢐ
ꢝꢂꢉꢃꢓꢂꢞꢎ ꢟꢂꢃꢘꢠꢓꢍꢡ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢌꢍꢈꢄ
ꢇꢓꢀꢃꢊꢇꢉꢃ
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢡꢌꢄꢅꢄꢡꢆꢂꢅꢍꢗꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢈꢂꢒ ꢘꢈꢤ
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ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢣꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ ꢇꢂꢆꢌꢉꢣ ꢆꢌꢄꢆ ꢍꢎ ꢘꢎꢂꢣ ꢠꢏ ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢗꢍꢈꢪ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢤ
ꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢈꢉꢆꢃꢅꢂꢕꢍꢉꢘꢎꢓꢏ ꢠꢂꢂꢈ ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢂꢅꢣꢆꢩ ꢅꢫꢘꢆꢘꢡꢅꢆꢄꢓ
ꢄꢎꢎꢍꢪꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ
ꢍꢎ ꢠꢄꢎꢂꢣ ꢉꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꢓꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢄꢓꢏꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢔꢬꢤꢬꢍꢎꢐ ꢦꢟꢐ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢭꢮ ꢑꢯꢟ
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ꢒꢒꢒꢩꢣꢂꢵꢵꢂꢅꢩꢡꢉꢇ

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ꢒꢍꢆꢌ ꢄꢡꢍꢣꢍꢡꢐ ꢠꢄꢎꢍꢡꢐ ꢉꢅ ꢈꢂꢘꢆꢅꢄꢓ ꢪꢅꢉꢘꢃꢎꢐ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢃꢉꢆꢂꢈꢆꢍꢄꢓ ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢂꢎꢆ ꢍꢈ ꢇꢂꢣꢍꢡꢍꢈꢄꢓ
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ꢌꢄꢕꢂ ꢂꢨꢄꢇꢍꢈꢂꢣ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꣁꢂꢡꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢎꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢂꢈꢆꢎ ꢉꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢌꢂꢇꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢃꢌꢏꢎꢍꢡꢄꢓ
ꢃꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢓꢓꢉꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎꢩꢾꢭꢭꢿ ꢢꢌꢂꢎꢂ ꢌꢄꢕꢂ ꢍꢈꢡꢓꢘꢣꢂꢣ ꢎꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢂꢈꢆ ꢂꣁꢂꢡꢆꢎ
ꢉꢈ ꢂꢓꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢡ ꢄꢠꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄꢐꢾꢭꢴꢿ ꢂꢲꢘꢍꢓꢍꢠꢅꢍꢘꢇ ꢡꢉꢈꢎꢆꢄꢈꢆꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢄꢣꢣꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ
ꢉꢈꢂ ꢉꢅ ꢆꢒꢉ ꢄꢨꢍꢄꢓ ꢓꢍꢪꢄꢈꢣꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢂꢈꢆꢅꢄꢓ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢓꢐ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢌꢄꢓꢊꢤꢒꢄꢕꢂ ꢃꢉꢆꢂꢈꢆꢍꢄꢓꢎ ꢉꢊ
ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢅꢂꢣꢉꢨ ꢅꢂꢄꢡꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎꢩꢾꢭꢛꢿ
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ꢆꢌꢂ ꢉꢈꢓꢏ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢓ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢆꢌꢄꢆ ꢇꢄꢏ ꢅꢂꢃꢓꢄꢡꢂ ꣃꢂꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢍꢈ ꢌꢂꢇꢉꢪꢓꢉꢠꢍꢈ ꢉꢅ ꢇꢏꢉꢪꢓꢉꢠꢍꢈ
ꢒꢍꢆꢌꢉꢘꢆ ꢡꢄꢘꢎꢍꢈꢪ ꢄ ꢓꢂꢆꢌꢄꢓ ꢇꢘꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢊꢘꢈꢡꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂꢎꢂ ꢇꢄꢡꢅꢉꢇꢉꢓꢂꢡꢘꢓꢂꢎꢩ
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ꢇꢉꢣꢂꢓꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢕꢍꢆꢄꢇꢍꢈ ꣂꢭꢴ ꢍꢈ ꢒꢌꢍꢡꢌ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢽꢅꢎꢆ ꢆꢅꢍꢃꢓꢂꢆ ꢃꢓꢄꢏꢎ ꢄꢈ ꢍꢇꢃꢉꢅꢆꢄꢈꢆ ꢅꢉꢓꢂꢩꢾꢭ꣄ꢿ
ꣅꢍꢆꢌ ꢆꢌꢍꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢇꢍꢈꢣꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢈꢂꢒ ꢘꢈꢎꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢃꢉꢅꢤ
ꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢌꢄꢕꢂ ꢠꢂꢂꢈ ꢡꢄꢅꢅꢍꢂꢣ ꢉꢘꢆꢍꢈ ꢉꢘꢅ ꢓꢄꢠꢉꢅꢄꢆꢉꢅꢏ ꢾꢴꢜꢿꢩ ꣃꢘꢅꢆꢌꢂꢅꢇꢉꢅꢂꢐ ꢍꢈ ꢉꢅꢣꢂꢅ ꢆꢉ
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ꢷꢓꢓ ꢡꢌꢂꢇꢍꢡꢄꢓꢎ ꢘꢎꢂꢣ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢅꢂꢄꢪꢂꢈꢆ ꢪꢅꢄꢣꢂꢩ ꣃꢉꢅ ꢢꢖꢋ ꢎꢂꢃꢄꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢐ ꢈꢂꢘꢆꢅꢄꢓ
ꢄꢓꢘꢇꢍꢈꢄ ꢥꢴꢜꢜꢀꢛꢜꢜ ꢇꢂꢎꢌꢧ ꢉꢅ ꢯꢂꢅꢡꢵ ꢎꢍꢓꢍꢡꢄ ꢪꢂꢓ ꣆ꢜ ꢥꢭꢜꢜꢀꢴꢛꢜ ꢇꢂꢎꢌꢧ ꢒꢄꢎ ꢘꢎꢂꢣꢩ
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢘꢎꢂꢣ ꢄꢎ ꢎꢆꢄꢅꢆꢍꢈꢪ ꢇꢄꢆꢂꢅꢍꢄꢓꢎ ꢌꢄꢕꢂ ꢠꢂꢂꢈ ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢗꢂꢣ ꢠꢏ ꢃꢅꢉꢡꢂꢤ
ꢣꢘꢅꢂꢎ ꢅꢂꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢣ ꢍꢈ ꢉꢘꢅ ꢃꢅꢂꢕꢍꢉꢘꢎ ꢒꢉꢅꢵꢾꢴꢜꢿ
ꢩ
ꢔꢓꢆꢅꢄꢕꢍꢉꢓꢂꢆꢤꢕꢍꢎꢍꢠꢓꢂ ꢄꢠꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢡꢉꢅꢣꢂꢣ ꢍꢈ ꢋꢮꢋꢓꢛ ꢘꢎꢍꢈꢪ ꢄ
ꢮꢍꢆꢄꢡꢌꢍ ꢔꢬꢤꢛꢻꢜꢜ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢃꢌꢉꢆꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ꣇ ꢍꢈꢊꢅꢄꢅꢂꢣ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ ꢇꢂꢄꢎꢘꢅꢂꢣ ꢒꢍꢆꢌ
꣈ꣂꢅ ꢘꢎꢍꢈꢪ ꢄꢈ ꢷꢓꢃꢌꢄ ꢋꢂꢈꢆꢄꢘꢅꢍ ꣃꢢꢤꢦꢟ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅꢐ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢃꢅꢉꢆꢉꢈ ꢇꢄꢪꢈꢂꢆꢍꢡ
ꢅꢂꢎꢉꢈꢄꢈꢡꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ ꢉꢠꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢣ ꢍꢈ ꢋꢁꢋꢓꢛ ꢘꢎꢍꢈꢪ ꢄ ꣂꢅꢘꢵꢂꢅ ꢷꢋꢤꢴꢜꢜ ꣃꢢꢤꢑꢯꢟ
ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢇꢂꢆꢂꢅ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢅꢂꢊꢂꢅꢂꢈꢡꢂꢣ ꢆꢉ ꢢꢯꢫꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ ꢂꢓꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢄꢓꢏꢎꢍꢎ ꢣꢄꢆꢄ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ
ꢉꢠꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢣ ꢉꢈ ꢄ ꢬꢄꢅꢍꢉ ꢰꢢ ꢭꢭꢜ꣆ ꢂꢓꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢄꢓꢏꢗꢂꢅꢩ

PORPHYRINS AND THEIR COBALT COMPLEXES
845
Synthesis of 5-[(4-Benzoxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(2-
chlorphenyl)porphyrin (1), 5-[(4-Benzoxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-
10,15,20-tri(3-chlorphenyl)porphyrin (2), 5-[(4-Benzoxy-3-
methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(4-chlorphenyl)porphyrin (3)
5-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(2-chlorphenyl)porphyrin,
(5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(3-chlorphenyl)porphyrin, or
5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(4-chlorphenyl)porphyrin
(0.281 g, 0.369 mmol) was added to 30 mL dimethylformamide (DMF),
followed by potassium carbonate (1.023 g, 7.4 mmol) which was dried before
use. The solution was stirred and benzoyl chloride (0.104 g, 0.738 mmol) was
added dropwise. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for two
ꢀ
hours, and then cooled to 10 C. A chilled solution of 0.2 mol=L K2CO3
(200 mL) was added into the mixture. After several hours, the resulting
precipitate was filtered and washed with water and alcohol until the washing
solution was colorless. The precipitate was then dried under vacuum and
then dissolved in the minimum amount of chloroform and chromato-
graphed on a column of neutral alumina (2007300 mesh) using chloroform
as the eluant. The first band was collected and reduced in volume by rotary
evaporation to produce red-purple crystals.
Synthesis of 5-[(4-Benzoxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(2-
chlorphenyl)porphyrincobalt(II) (4), 5-[(4-Benzoxy-3-
methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(3-chlorphenyl)porphyrincobalt(II) (5),
5-[(4-Benzoxy-3-methoxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(4-
chlorophenyl)porphyrincobalt(II) (6)
Compounds (1), (2), or (3) (0.2 mmol, 0.184 g) were added to DMF
(50 mL) and the mixture stirred until the porphyrin dissolved before adding
Co(OAc)2 (0.6 mmol, 0.107 g). The reaction mixture was then refluxed for
half an hour and then cooled; 100 mL of chilled distilled water was added and
the resulting purple solid was filtered, washed with water, then dried under
vacuum.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Elemental analyses and yields of the porphyrins and their cobalt
complexes are shown in Table I. The compounds (1), (2), (3) and their
cobalt complexes were characterized by UV-Visible, IR and 1H NMR
spectra. The structure of the porphyrins and their Co(II) complexes are
shown in Fig. 1.

ꢧꢨ6
ꢑꢏ ꢅꢃ ꢇꢑꢮ
Table I. ꢷꢈꢄꢓꢏꢆꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢁꢄꢆꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢑꢂꢒ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢢꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ
ꢰꢓꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢄꢓꢏꢎꢂꢎꢐ
꣉ ꢊꢉꢘꢈꢣ
ꢥꢋꢄꢓꢡꢩꢧ
ꣃꢉꢅꢇꢘꢓꢄ
ꢒꢂꢍꢪꢌꢆꢋ
ꢶꢍꢂꢓꢣ
ꢥ
ꢯꢩꢃꢩ
ꢀꢋꢧ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ
ꢮ
ꢑ
ꢥ꣉ꢧ
ꢹꢩꢺ꣄
ꢥ꣆ꢩꢜꢺꢧ
ꢹꢩꢚꢚ
ꢥ꣆ꢩꢜꢺꢧ
꣆ꢩꢭꢹ
ꢥ꣆ꢩꢜꢺꢧ
ꢹꢩꢚ꣆
ꢥꢹꢩꢚꢛꢧ
ꢹꢩ꣆ꢛ
ꢥꢹꢩꢚꢛꢧ
ꢹꢩ꣄ꢭ
ꢥꢹꢩꢚꢛꢧ
ꢯ1ꢰ ꢥꢋꢹꢴꢮꢛꢛꢋꢓꢛꢑꢻꢸꢧ
꣄ꢴꢭ
꣄ꢴꢭ
꣄ꢴꢭ
꣄ꢚꢺ
꣄ꢚꢺ
꣄ꢚꢺ
꣆ꢚꢩ꣄ꢹ
ꢥ꣆ꢚꢩꢚꢹꢧ
꣆ꢚꢩꢺꢚ
ꢥ꣆ꢚꢩꢚꢹꢧ
꣆ꢚꢩ꣆ꢻ
ꢥ꣆ꢚꢩꢚꢹꢧ
꣆ꢛꢩ꣆ꢛ
ꢥ꣆ꢛꢩꢺꢭꢧ
꣆ꢻꢩꢜꢹ
ꢛꢩꢹꢺ
ꢥꢛꢩꢺꢜꢧ
ꢛꢩ꣄ꢺ
ꢥꢛꢩꢺꢜꢧ
ꢛꢩꢺꢚ
ꢥꢛꢩꢺꢜꢧ
ꢛꢩꢹꢛ
ꢥꢛꢩꢛꢚꢧ
ꢛꢩꢹꢚ
꣆ꢭꢩꢻ
꣆ꢛꢩꢚ
꣆ꢻꢩ꣆
ꢚꢺꢩꢻ
ꢚ꣆ꢩꢛ
ꢺꢭꢩꢴ
ꢁ ꢛꢜꢜ
ꢁ ꢛꢜꢜ
ꢁ ꢛꢜꢜ
ꢁ ꢛꢜꢜ
ꢁ ꢛꢜꢜ
ꢁ ꢛꢜꢜ
ꢯꢱꢰ ꢥꢋꢹꢴꢮꢛꢛꢋꢓꢛꢑꢻꢸꢛꢧ
ꢯꢩꢰ ꢥꢋꢹꢴꢮꢛꢛꢋꢓꢛꢑꢻꢸꢛꢧ
ꢯꢨꢰ ꢥꢋꢹꢴꢮꢛꢭꢋꢓꢛꢋꢉꢑꢻꢸꢛꢧ
ꢯ5ꢰ ꢥꢋꢹꢴꢮꢛꢭꢐꢋꢓꢛꢋꢉꢑꢻꢸꢛꢧ
ꢯ6ꢰ ꢥꢋꢹꢴꢮꢛꢭꢋꢓꢛꢋꢉꢑꢻꢸꢧ
ꢥ꣆ꢛꢩꢺꢭꢧ
꣆ꢛꢩꢹꢴ
ꢥ꣆ꢛꢩꢺꢭꢧ
ꢥꢛꢩꢛꢚꢧ
ꢛꢩꢹꢺ
ꢥꢛꢩꢛꢚꢧ
Figure 1. ꢝꢅꢉꢃꢉꢎꢂꢣ ꢎꢆꢅꢘꢡꢆꢘꢅꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎꢩ

ꢒꢌꢊꢒꢄꢁꢊꢆꢂꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢃꢄꢅꢆꢊ ꢉꢌꢓꢇꢑꢃ ꢉꢌꢐꢒꢑꢅꢔꢅꢀ
ꢏꢲꢳꢲꢕꢠꢕꢴꢬꢞ ꢀꢵꢞꢶꢪꢫꢖ
ꢧꢨ7
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢔꢬꢤꢬꢍꢎꢍꢠꢓꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢣꢄꢆꢄ ꢍꢈ ꢋꢮꢋꢓꢛ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ ꢅꢂꢡꢉꢅꢣꢂꢣ ꢍꢈ ꢢꢄꢠꢓꢂ ꢦꢦꢩ ꢸꢒꢍꢈꢪ
ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢣꢍꣁꢂꢅꢂꢈꢆ ꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢆꢌꢄꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢌꢓꢉꢅꢍꢈꢂ ꢄꢆꢉꢇ ꢍꢎ ꢄꢆꢆꢄꢡꢌꢂꢣ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓ
ꢅꢍꢈꢪꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢔꢬꢤꢬꢍꢎꢍꢠꢓꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣꢎ ꢯ1ꢰꢐ ꢯꢱꢰ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢯꢩꢰ ꢣꢍꣁꢂꢅ ꢎꢓꢍꢪꢌꢆꢓꢏꢩ
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢅꢍꢈꢪ ꢠꢂꢓꢉꢈꢪꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢁꢴꢌ ꢃꢉꢍꢈꢆꢪꢅꢉꢘꢃꢐ ꢌꢆꢂ ꢈꢘꢇꢠꢂꢅ ꢉꢊ
ꢃꢂꢄꢵꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢔꢬꢤꢬꢍꢎꢍꢠꢓꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ ꢣꢂꢡꢅꢂꢄꢎꢂꢣ ꢒꢌꢂꢈ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈꢎꢂꢅꢆꢂꢣ ꢍꢈꢆꢉ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢅꢍꢈꢪ ꢠꢂꢡꢄꢘꢎꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢇꢄꢆꢄꢓꢓꢉꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢅꢍꢈꢪ ꢠꢂꢓꢉꢈꢪꢎ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢁꢻꢌ
ꢃꢉꢍꢈꢆ ꢪꢅꢉꢘꢃꢩ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢄꢅꢍꢎꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣꢎ ꢯ1ꢰ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢯꢨꢰ ꢎꢌꢉꢒꢎ
ꢆꢌꢄꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢍꢉꢈ ꢌꢄꢎ ꢍꢈꢎꢂꢅꢆꢂꢣ ꢍꢈꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢅꢍꢈꢪꢩꢾꢴꢭꢿ
ꢆꢊ ꢀꢵꢞꢶꢪꢫꢖ
ꢷꢡꢡꢉꢅꢣꢍꢈꢪ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢊꢅꢄꢅꢂꢣ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄꢐ ꢎꢉꢇꢂ ꢊꢘꢈꢡꢆꢍꢉꢈꢄꢓ ꢪꢅꢉꢘꢃꢎ ꢡꢄꢈ ꢠꢂ
ꢄꢎꢡꢂꢅꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢣꢩ ꣃꢉꢅ ꢂꢨꢄꢇꢃꢓꢂꢐ ꢍꢈ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ ꢯ1ꢰꢐ ꢆ ꢌꢂꢁꢥꢑꢤꢮꢧꢐ ꢂꢥꢑꢤꢮꢧ ꢥꢍꢈꢤꢃꢓꢄꢈꢂꢧꢐ
ꢂꢥꢑꢤꢮꢧ ꢥꢉꢘꢆꢤꢉꢊꢤꢃꢓꢄꢈꢂꢧ ꢊꢅꢂꢲꢘꢂꢈꢡꢍꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢊꢉꢘꢈꢣ ꢄꢆ ꢛꢛꢭ꣄ꢐ ꣄꣆ꢺꢐ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢚꢴꢻ ꢡꢇꢁꢭꢐ
ꢅꢂꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢍꢕꢂꢓꢏꢩ ꢦꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢉꢠꢄꢓꢆ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎꢐ ꢆꢌꢂꢎꢂ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢠꢄꢈꢣꢎ
ꢣꢍꢎꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢄ ꢎꢆꢅꢉꢈꢪ ꢄꢠꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢠꢄꢈꢣ ꢣꢘꢂ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢵꢂꢓꢂꢆꢄꢓ ꢅꢍꢈꢪ ꢉꢊ ꢇꢂꢆꢄꢓꢤ
ꢓꢉꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢾꢴꢴꢿ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢎ ꢈꢂꢄꢅ ꢭꢜꢜꢜ ꢡꢇꢁꢭꢩ ꢫꢍꢈꢡꢂ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢂꢈꢆ ꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢉꢊ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢌꢓꢉꢅꢍꢈꢂ ꢄꢆꢉꢇꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓ ꢅꢍꢈꢪ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢣꢍꣁꢂꢅꢂꢈꢆꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢂꢥꢋꢤꢮꢧ
ꢥꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢧ ꢕꢄꢅꢍꢂꢎꢩ ꣃꢉꢅ ꢂꢨꢄꢇꢃꢓꢂꢐ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ ꢯ1ꢰꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢄꢠꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈ
ꢁꢭ
ꢠꢄꢈꢣ ꢄꢆꢚꢻ꣄ ꢡꢇ
ꢎꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢆꢂꢣ ꢠꢏ ꢡꢌꢓꢉꢅꢍꢈꢂ ꢄꢆꢉꢇꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢤꢃꢉꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈꢐ ꢠꢘꢆ ꢆꢌꢍꢎ ꢄꢠꢎꢉꢅꢃꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢠꢄꢈꢣ
ꢍꢎ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢂꢥꢋꢤꢮꢧ ꢊꢅꢂꢲꢘꢂꢈꢡꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢠꢂꢈꢗꢂꢈꢂ ꢅꢍꢈꢪꢎ ꢒꢌꢍꢡꢌ ꢒꢄꢎ
ꢣꢉꢂꢎ ꢈꢉꢆ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣꢎ ꢯꢱꢰ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢯꢩꢰꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢊꢅꢄꢅꢂꢣ
Table II. ꢢꢌꢂ ꢔꢬꢤꢬꢍꢎ ꢫꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄꢓ ꢁꢄꢆꢄ ꢥꢃꢀꢈꢇꢧ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢢꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢢꢌꢂꢍꢅ
ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ ꢥꢍꢈ ꢋꢮꢋꢓꢛꢧ꣇ ꢄꢱꢖꢀꢥꢇꢉꢓꢂꢡꢇꢧ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ
ꢫꢉꢅꢂꢆꢠꢄꢈꢣ
Q ꢥꢭꢀꢜꢧ
ꢏ
Qꢏꢥꢜꢀꢜꢧ
Qꢨꢥꢭꢀꢜꢧ
Qꢨꢥꢜꢀꢜꢧ
ꢯ1ꢰ ꢃꢇꢄꢨ
ꢄꢃꢭꢜꢛ
ꢻꢭꢺ
ꢴ꣄
ꢻꢭ꣄
ꢛꢛ
ꢻꢭ꣄
ꢭꢺ
ꢻꢭꢛ
ꢭꢺ
ꢻꢭꢹ
ꢴꢴ
ꢻꢭꢹ
ꢴ꣆
ꢹꢭꢛ
ꢛꢩꢭꢴ
ꢹꢭ꣆
ꢭꢩꢺ꣄
ꢹꢭ꣆
ꢴꢩꢭꢹ
ꢹꢴꢻ
ꢴꢩꢭꢹ
ꢹꢴ꣆
ꢴꢩꢚ꣆
ꢹꢴꢚ
ꢛꢩꢭꢴ
ꢹꢻ꣄
ꢭꢩꢺꢴ
ꢹꢹꢭ
ꢭꢩ꣆ꢻ
ꢹꢹꢴ
ꢹꢺꢺ
ꢭꢩꢹ꣆
ꢹ꣄ꢜ
ꢭꢩꢭꢛ
ꢹ꣄ꢴ
꣆ꢹꢜ
ꢭꢩꢭꢚ
꣆ꢻꢻ
ꢜꢩ꣄ꢴ
꣆ꢻꢹ
ꢯꢱꢰ ꢃꢇꢄꢨ
ꢄꢃꢭꢜꢛ
ꢯꢩꢰ ꢃꢇꢄꢨ
ꢄꢃꢭꢜꢛ
ꢭꢩꢚꢹ
ꢭꢩꢻ꣆
ꢭꢩꢜꢴ
ꢯꢨꢰ ꢃꢇꢄꢨ
ꢄꢃꢭꢜꢛ
ꢯ5ꢰ ꢃꢇꢄꢨ
ꢄꢃꢭꢜꢛ
ꢯ6ꢰꢃ
ꢇꢄꢨ
ꢄꢃꢭꢜꢛ

ꢧꢨꢧ
ꢑꢏ ꢅꢃ ꢇꢑꢮ
Table III. ꢢꢌꢂ ꢦꢟ ꢫꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄꢓ ꢁꢄꢆꢄ ꢥꢡꢇꢁꢭꢧ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢢꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢢꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ
ꢯ1ꢰ
ꢯꢱꢰ
ꢯꢩꢰ
ꢯꢨꢰ
ꢯ5ꢰ
ꢯ6ꢰ
ꢷꢎꢎꢍꢪꢈꢇꢂꢈꢆ
꣆꣄꣆ ꢎ
ꢚꢴꢻ ꢎ
ꢚꢹꢹ ꢇ
ꢚꢻ꣄ ꢒ
ꢚꢚꢻ ꢒ
ꢚ꣄꣄ ꢎ
꣆꣄ꢜ ꢎ
ꢚꢭꢴ ꢎ
ꢚꢹꢻ ꢇ
꣆꣄ꢴ ꢎ
ꢚꢴ꣄ ꢎ
ꢚꢹꢹ ꢇ
꣆꣄ꢴ ꢎ
꣆꣄ꢜ ꢎ
꣆꣄ꢴ ꢎ
ꢂꢥꢋꢤꢮꢧ ꢥꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢧ
ꢂꢥꢑꢤꢮꢧ ꢥꢍꢈꢤꢃꢓꢄꢈꢂꢧ
ꢚꢹꢹ ꢇ
ꢚꢻ꣆ ꢒ
ꢚꢚꢻ ꢒ
ꢚꢺꢹ ꢎ
ꢚꢚꢻ ꢒ
ꢺꢜꢭ ꢎ
ꢚ꣄ꢺ ꢎ
ꢺꢻꢻ ꢒ
ꢺ꣆ꢹ ꢒ
ꢺꢺꢻ ꢒ
ꢭꢜꢜꢴ ꢎ
ꢺ꣆ꢹ ꢒ
ꢺ꣆꣆ ꢒ
ꢺ꣄ꢻ ꢒ
ꢺꢹꢚ ꢒ
ꢺꢺꢜ ꢒ
ꢭꢜꢜꢭ ꢎ
ꢭꢜꢜꢴ ꢎ
꣄꣆ꢺ ꢎ
ꢭꢭꢴꢭ ꢒ
ꢭꢭ꣆ꢜ ꢒ
꣄ꢚꢻ ꢎ
ꢭꢭꢴꢭ ꢒ
ꢭꢭ꣆ꢛ ꢒ
꣄꣆ꢺ ꢎ
ꢭꢭꢴꢜ ꢒ
ꢭꢭ꣆ꢻ ꢒ
ꢭꢭꢭ꣆ ꢒ
ꢭꢭꢹ꣄ ꢒ
ꢭꢭꢭ꣆ ꢒ
ꢭꢭ꣆ꢴ ꢒ
ꢭꢭꢭꢹ ꢒ ꢂꢥꢋꢤꢸꢤꢋꢧ
ꢭꢭ꣆ꢴ ꢒ
ꢭꢛꢻꢚ ꢇ ꢭꢛꢻꢹ ꢇ ꢭꢛꢻ꣆ ꢇ
ꢭꢛ꣆ꢻ ꢎ ꢭꢛ꣆ꢹ ꢎ ꢭꢛ꣆ꢛ ꢎ
ꢁꢥꢄꢋꢤꢑꢧ
ꢂꢥꢋꢤꢮꢧ ꢥꢉꢘꢆꢤꢉꢊꢤꢃꢓꢄꢈꢂꢧ
ꢭꢻ꣆꣆ ꢇ ꢭꢻ꣆꣆ ꢇ ꢭꢻꢚꢛ ꢇ ꢭꢻ꣆ꢜ ꢇ ꢭꢻ꣆ꢜ ꢇ ꢭꢻ꣆ꢻ ꢇ ꢁꢥꢋꢄꢑꢐ ꢋꢄꢋꢧ
ꢭꢹꢭꢜ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢭꢜ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢭꢭ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢜ꣄ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢜ꣄ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢭꢜ ꢇ
ꢭꢹꢹ꣄ ꢇ ꢭꢹ꣆ꢛ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢹ꣄ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢹꢻ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢹꢚ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢹꢻ ꢇ
ꢭꢹ꣄ꢛ ꢇ ꢭꢹ꣄ꢜ ꢇ ꢭꢹ꣄ꢛ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢺꢹ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢺꢴ ꢇ ꢭꢹꢺꢹ ꢇ
ꢭꢚꢛꢭ ꢎ
ꢴ꣄ꢴꢜ ꢇ ꢴ꣄ꢴꢛ ꢇ ꢴ꣄ꢴꢛ ꢇ ꢴ꣄ꢭꢚ ꢇ ꢴ꣄ꢴꢜ ꢇ ꢴ꣄ꢴꢭ ꢇ ꢁꢥꢋꢤꢮꢧ
ꢛꢛꢭ꣄ ꢇ ꢛꢛꢴꢻ ꢇ ꢛꢛꢭꢹ ꢇ ꢁꢥꢑꢤꢮꢧ
ꢭꢚꢴꢴ ꢎ
ꢭꢚꢴꢚ ꢎ
ꢭꢚꢴꢻ ꢎ
ꢭꢚꢭ꣄ ꢎ
ꢭꢚꢴꢛ ꢎ
ꢁꢥꢋꢄꢸꢧ
ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄꢓ ꢣꢄꢆꢄ ꢥꢡꢇꢁꢭꢧ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ ꢄꢅꢂ ꢪꢍꢕꢂꢈ
ꢍꢈ ꢢꢄꢠꢓꢂ ꢦꢦꢦꢩ
1ꢄ ꢂꢐꢊ ꢀꢵꢞꢶꢪꢫꢖ
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢭꢮ ꢑꢯꢟ ꢎꢃꢂꢡꢆꢅꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣꢎ ꢣꢍꣁꢂꢅ ꢎꢓꢍꢪꢌꢆꢓꢏ ꢥꢢꢄꢠꢓꢂ ꢦꢬꢧꢩ ꣃꢉꢅ
ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ ꢯ1ꢰꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢎꢍꢪꢈꢄꢓ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢍꢈꢆꢂꢅꢈꢄꢓ ꢑꢤꢮ ꢃꢅꢉꢆꢉꢈ ꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢎ ꢄꢆ ꢁꢴꢩ꣆꣄ ꢃꢃꢇ
ꢎꢍꢈꢡꢂ ꢍꢈꢣꢘꢡꢂꢣ ꢇꢄꢪꢈꢂꢆꢍꢡ ꢽꢂꢓꢣ ꢪꢂꢈꢂꢅꢄꢆꢂꢎ ꢎꢆꢅꢉꢈꢪ ꢎꢌꢍꢂꢓꢣꢍꢈꢪ ꢂꣁꢂꢡꢆ ꢆꢌꢄꢆ ꢡꢄꢘꢎꢂꢎ ꢄ
ꢣꢍꢄꢇꢄꢪꢈꢂꢆꢍꢡ ꢎꢌꢍꢊꢆ ꢆꢉ ꢘꢃꢽꢂꢓꢣꢩ ꢮꢉꢒꢂꢕꢂꢅꢐ ꢍꢆ ꢣꢍꢎꢄꢃꢃꢂꢄꢅꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ ꢯꢨꢰ
ꢒꢌꢍꢡꢌ ꢎꢌꢉꢒꢍꢈꢪ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢉꢉꢅꢣꢍꢈꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢈꢍꢆꢅꢉꢪꢂꢈ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢡꢉꢠꢄꢓꢆꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ
ꢄꢠꢉꢕꢂ ꢅꢂꢎꢘꢓꢆꢎ ꢄꢓꢎꢉ ꢄꢃꢃꢓꢏ ꢆꢉ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣꢎ ꢯꢱꢰ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢯ5ꢰꢐ ꢯꢩꢰ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢯ6ꢰꢩ
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢃꢼꢅ ꢡꢉꢈ꣊ꢘꢪꢄꢆꢍꢕꢂ ꢂꣁꢂꢡꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢌꢓꢉꢅꢍꢈꢂ ꢅꢂꢎꢘꢓꢆꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢣꢍꣁꢂꢅꢂꢈꢡꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ
ꢡꢌꢂꢇꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢎꢌꢍꢊꢆꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ ꢉꢅꢣꢂꢅ ꢉꢊ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢉꢈ꣊ꢘꢪꢄꢆꢍꢕꢂ ꢂꣁꢂꢡꢆ

ꢒꢌꢊꢒꢄꢁꢊꢆꢂꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢃꢄꢅꢆꢊ ꢉꢌꢓꢇꢑꢃ ꢉꢌꢐꢒꢑꢅꢔꢅꢀ
ꢧꢨ9
ꢭ
Table IV. ꢢꢌꢂ ꢮ ꢑꢯꢟ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢫꢌꢍꢊꢆꢎ ꢅꢂꢐ ꢃꢃꢇꢧ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢢꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ ꢥꢍꢈ ꢋꢁꢋꢓꢛꢧ
ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢉꢘꢈꢣ
ꢝꢏꢅꢅꢉꢓꢂꢤꢮ
ꢝꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢤꢮ
ꢤꢸꢋꢮꢛ
ꢑꢤꢮ
ꢯ1ꢰ
ꢺꢩ꣆ꢚ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢺꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢛꢹꢀꢚꢩꢺꢜ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢭ꣆ꢮꢧ
ꢺꢩꢭꢭꢀꢺꢩꢭꢹꢮ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢻꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢛꢹꢀꢚꢩꢺꢚ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢭ꣆ꢮꢧ
ꢺꢩꢜ꣆ꢀꢺꢩꢴꢭꢮ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢻꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢛ꣄ꢀꢚꢩꢺꢜ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢭ꣆ꢮꢧ
ꢺꢩꢜ꣄ꢀꢺꢩꢭ꣄ꢮ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢻꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢴ꣆ꢀꢚꢩꢚꢴ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢭ꣆ꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢚꢚꢀꢚꢩ꣄ꢺꢮ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢻꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢴꢹꢀꢚꢩꢚꢺ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢭ꣆ꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢚꢻꢀꢺꢩꢜꢜꢮ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢻꢮꢧ
ꢛꢩ꣄꣄ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢛꢮꢧ
ꢁꢴꢩ꣆꣄ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢴꢮꢧ
ꢯꢱꢰ
ꢯꢩꢰ
ꢯꢨꢰ
ꢯ5ꢰ
ꢺꢩꢺꢛ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢺꢮꢧ
ꢺꢩꢺꢴ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢺꢮꢧ
ꢺꢩ꣆ꢹ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢺꢮꢧ
ꢺꢩꢺꢜ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢺꢮꢧ
ꢻꢩꢜꢜ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢛꢮꢧ
ꢛꢩ꣄꣄ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢛꢮꢧ
ꢛꢩ꣄ꢺ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢛꢮꢧ
ꢛꢩ꣄꣄ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢛꢮꢧ
ꢁꢴꢩꢺꢹ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢴꢮꢧ
ꢁꢴꢩꢺꢭ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢴꢮꢧ
ꢯ6ꢰ
ꢺꢩꢚ꣄ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢺꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢛꢜꢀꢚꢩꢚꢴ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢭ꣆ꢮꢧ
ꢚꢩꢚ꣆ꢀꢚꢩ꣄꣄ꢮ ꢥꢇꢐ ꢻꢮꢧ
ꢛꢩ꣄꣄ ꢥꢎꢐ ꢛꢮꢧ
ꢊꢉꢓꢓꢉꢒꢎ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢉꢅꢣꢂꢅ ꢯ1ꢰ>ꢯꢩꢰ>ꢯꢱꢰꢐ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢡꢌꢂꢇꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢎꢌꢍꢊꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢑꢤꢮ ꢪꢅꢉꢘꢃ ꢊꢉꢓꢓꢉꢒꢎ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢉꢅꢣꢂꢅ ꢯꢱꢰ>ꢯꢩꢰ>ꢯ1ꢰꢩꢾꢴꢜꢿ
ꢢꢌꢂ ꢣꢄꢆꢄ ꢉꢊ ꢂꢓꢂꢇꢂꢈꢆꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢄꢓꢏꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢔꢬꢤꢬꢍꢎꢐ ꢦꢟ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢮ ꢑꢯꢟ ꢎꢌꢉꢒꢂꢣ ꢆꢌꢄꢆ
ꢆꢌꢂ ꢆꢌꢅꢂꢂ ꢈꢂꢒ ꢘꢈꢎꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢆꢌꢂꢍꢅ ꢋꢉꢥꢦꢦꢧ ꢡꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ ꢒꢂꢅꢂ
ꢎꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢗꢂꢣ ꢎꢘꢡꢡꢂꢎꢎꢊꢘꢓꢓꢏꢩ
ꢇꢉꢦꢂꢌꢎꢑꢅꢈꢝꢐꢅꢂꢃ
ꢢꢌꢍꢎ ꢅꢂꢎꢂꢄꢅꢡꢌ ꢒꢄꢎ ꢎꢘꢃꢃꢉꢅꢆꢂꢣ ꢠꢏ ꢄ ꢪꢅꢄꢈꢆ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢑꢄꢆꢘꢅꢄꢓ ꢫꢡꢍꢂꢈꢡꢂ
ꣃꢉꢘꢈꢣꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢙꢄꢈꢎꢘ ꢝꢅꢉꢕꢍꢈꢡꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢌꢍꢈꢄ ꢄꢈꢣ ꣈꣋ꢋ꣌ꢤꢜꢭ ꢉꢊ ꢑꢉꢅꢆꢌꢒꢂꢎꢆ
ꢑꢉꢅꢇꢄꢓ ꢔꢈꢍꢕꢂꢅꢎꢍꢆꢏꢩ
ꢊꢅꢍꢅꢊꢅꢂꢉꢅꢀ
ꢭꢩ ꢖꢍꢈꢆꢐ ꣍ꢩꢯꢩ꣇ ꣃꢂꢈꢪꢐ ꣅꢩ꣍ꢩ꣇ ꢖꢂꢘꢈꢪꢐ ꢮꢩ꣈ꢩ ꢫꢂꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢗꢂꢣ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢅꢂꢣꢉꢨ ꢟꢂꢄꢡꢆꢍꢉꢈꢩ
ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢍꢈꢣꢘꢡꢂꢣ ꢰꢈꢂꢅꢪꢏ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢰꢓꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢈ ꢢꢅꢄꢈꢎꢊꢂꢅ ꢍꢈ ꢝꢏꢅꢂꢈꢂꢤꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢐ
ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢤꢠꢂꢈꢗꢉꢲꢘꢍꢈꢉꢈꢂ ꣂꢍꢈꢄꢅꢏ ꢫꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢆꢌꢂ ꢝꢏꢅꢂꢈꢂꢤꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢤ
ꢠꢂꢈꢗꢉꢲꢘꢍꢈꢉꢈꢂ ꢢꢂꢅꢈꢄꢅꢏ ꢫꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢋꢉꢇꢇꢘꢈꢩ 1991ꢐ ꢥꢻꢧꢐ ꢴꢜ꣄ꢀꢴꢭꢭꢩ
ꢴꢩ ꢮꢍꢓꢓꢐ ꢙꢩꢓꢩ꣇ ꣂꢅꢉꢒꢈꢐ ꢟꢩꣂꢩ ꢫꢘꢎꢆꢄꢍꢈꢂꢣ ꢰꢃꢉꢨꢍꢣꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢸꢓꢂꢽꢈꢎ ꢠꢏ ꢸꢨꢏꢪꢂꢈ
ꢁꢉꢈꢉꢅꢎ ꢋꢄꢆꢄꢓꢏꢗꢂꢣ ꢠꢏ ꢢꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢯꢂꢆꢄꢓ ꢫꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢆꢂꢣ ꢝꢉꢓꢏꢉꢨꢉꢇꢂꢆꢄꢓꢄꢆꢂꢎꢐ
ꢸꢨꢍꢣꢄꢆꢍꢕꢂꢓꢏ ꢟꢂꢎꢍꢎꢆꢄꢈꢆ ꢦꢈꢉꢅꢪꢄꢈꢍꢡ ꢷꢈꢄꢓꢉꢪꢘꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢯꢂꢆꢄꢓꢓꢉꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎꢩ ꣋ꢩ
ꢷꢇꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ 19ꢧ6ꢐ ꢇꢈꢉ ꢥꢛꢧꢐ ꢹꢛ꣆ꢀꢹꢛꢺꢩ

ꢧ5ꢷ
ꢑꢏ ꢅꢃ ꢇꢑꢮ
ꢛꢩ ꢯꢘꢅꢅꢄꢏꢐ ꢟꢩꢦꢩ꣇ ꢫꢍꢓꢪꢄꢅꢐ ꢫꢩꢙꢩ ꢸꢨꢍꢣꢄꢆꢍꢕꢂ ꢋꢓꢂꢄꢕꢄꢪꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢤꢭꢐꢴꢤꢂꢆꢌꢄꢈꢂꢣꢍꢉꢓ
ꢠꢏ ꢻꢤꢋꢏꢄꢈꢉꢤꢑꢐꢑꢤꢣꢍꢇꢂꢆꢌꢏꢓꢄꢈꢍꢓꢍꢈꢂ ꢑꢤꢸꢨꢍꢣꢂ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢋꢌꢓꢉꢅꢉꢥꢹꢐꢭꢜꢐꢭꢹꢐꢴꢜꢤꢆꢂꢆꢤ
ꢅꢄꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢍꢈꢄꢆꢉꢧꢡꢌꢅꢉꢇꢍꢘꢇꢥꢦꢦꢦꢧꢐ ꢷ ꢯꢉꢣꢂꢓ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢋꢌꢉꢓꢂꢎꢆꢂꢅꢉꢓ ꢫꢍꢣꢂꢤ
ꢡꢌꢄꢍꢈ ꢋꢓꢂꢄꢕꢄꢪꢂ ꢠꢏ ꢋꢏꢆꢉꢡꢌꢅꢉꢇꢂ ꢝꢤꢻꢹꢜꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢷꢇꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ 19ꢧ5ꢐ ꢇꢈꢊ
ꢥꢚꢧꢐ ꢴꢭꢺ꣆ꢀꢴꢭꢺꢚꢩ
ꢻꢩ ꢮꢄꢏꢄꢎꢌꢍꢐ ꢢꢩ꣇ ꢢꢄꢵꢍꢇꢘꢅꢄꢐ ꢢꢩ꣇ ꢸꢌꢄꢅꢄꢐ ꢢꢩ꣇ ꢮꢍꢆꢉꢇꢍꢐ ꢶꢩ꣇ ꢸꢪꢉꢎꢌꢍꢐ ꢮꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢤ
ꢆꢉꢍꢈꢣꢘꢡꢂꢣ ꢰꢓꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢈ ꢢꢅꢄꢈꢎꢊꢂꢅ ꢊꢅꢉꢇ ꣍ꢍꢈꢡ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢄ ꢖꢍꢈꢵꢂꢣ
Qꢘꢍꢈꢉꢈꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢯꢏꢉꢪꢓꢉꢠꢍꢈꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢋꢉꢇꢇꢘꢈꢩ 1995ꢐ
ꢴꢹꢜꢛꢀꢴꢹꢜꢻꢩ
ꢹꢩ ꢰꢪꢪꢂꢅꢐ ꢑꢩꢙꢩ꣇ ꢯꢉꢆꢄꢇꢂꢣꢍꢩ꣇ ꢝꢉꢒꢤꢫꢄꢈꢪꢐ ꢯꢩ꣇ ꢸꢅꢍꢌꢘꢂꢓꢄꢐ ꢰꢩ꣇ ꢷꢈꢣꢂꢅꢎꢉꢈꢐ ꣈ꢩꢰꢩ
ꢷꢡꢡꢘꢇꢘꢓꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢝꢓꢄꢎꢇꢄ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢢꢍꢎꢎꢘꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢁꢉꢪꢎ ꢄꢊꢆꢂꢅ ꢂꢤ
ꢷꢇꢍꢈꢉꢓꢂꢕꢘꢓꢍꢈꢍꢡ ꢷꢡꢍꢣ ꢷꢣꢇꢍꢈꢍꢎꢆꢅꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢱ ꢦꢇꢃꢓꢍꢡꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢎ ꢊꢉꢅ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢣꢏꢈꢄꢇꢍꢡꢩ
ꢢꢌꢂꢅꢄꢃꢏꢩ ꢝꢌꢄꢅꢇꢄꢡꢉꢓꢉꢪꢏꢩ 1996ꢐ ꢋꢌ ꢥ꣆ꢯꢩꢧꢐ ꢛ꣆ꢴꢀꢛ꣆꣆ꢩ
꣆ꢩ ꢑꢄꢵ꣊ꢍꢇꢄꢐ ꢫꢩ꣇ ꢫꢉꢵꢄꢵꢄꢐ ꢦꢩ꣇ ꢢꢄꢵꢂꢇꢘꢅꢄꢐ ꢢꢩ ꢯꢂꢡꢌꢄꢈꢍꢎꢇ ꢉꢊ ꢷꢡꢡꢘꢇꢘꢓꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ
ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢁꢂꢅꢍꢕꢄꢆꢍꢕꢂꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢢꢘꢇꢉꢅ ꢢꢍꢎꢎꢘꢂꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢍꢆꢎ ꢷꢃꢃꢓꢍꢡꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢆꢉ ꢆꢌꢂ
ꢁꢍꢄꢪꢈꢉꢎꢍꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢢꢅꢂꢄꢆꢇꢂꢈꢆ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢄꢈꢡꢂꢅꢩ ꢁꢅꢘꢪꢩ ꢁꢂꢓꢍꢕꢂꢅꢏꢩ ꢫꢏꢎꢆꢩ 1996ꢐ ꢇꢇ ꢥꢴꢧꢐ
ꢭꢜꢹꢀꢭꢜ꣄ꢩ
ꢚꢩ ꣅꢍꢈꢵꢂꢓꢇꢄꢈꢐ ꣋ꢩ꣇ ꢟꢘꢠꢂꢈꢊꢂꢓꢣꢐ ꢫꢩ꣇ ꢯꢡꢄꢊꢂꢂꢐ ꣋ꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ ꢯꢂꢆꢄꢠꢉꢓꢍꢎꢇ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢰꢨꢤ
ꢡꢅꢂꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢉꢹꢚ ꢢꢂꢆꢅꢄꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢍꢈꢂꢎꢘꢓꢊꢉꢈꢄꢆꢂ ꢍꢈ ꢋꢄꢈꢡꢂꢅ ꢝꢄꢆꢍꢂꢈꢆꢎꢩ ꣋ꢩ
ꢑꢘꢡꢓꢂꢄꢅꢩ ꢯꢂꢣꢍꢡꢍꢈꢂꢩ 196ꢨꢐ ꢋꢐ ꢻ꣆ꢴꢀꢻꢚꢜꢩ
ꢺꢩ ꣈ꢘꢠꢄꢆꢐ ꢝꢩ꣇ ꢯꢉꢎꢍꢈꢪꢂꢅꢐ ꣋ꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢃꢌꢏꢎꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢝꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢯꢂꢆꢄꢓ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢤꢢꢂꢆꢅꢄꢵꢍꢎꢥꢻꢤꢎꢘꢓꢊꢉꢈꢄꢆꢉꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢧꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢡꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢤ
ꢠꢍꢉꢓꢩ ꢷꢩ 1996ꢐ ꢍꢎ ꢥꢭꢀꢛꢧꢐ ꣄ꢛꢀ꣄꣆ꢩ
꣄ꢩ ꣍ꢂꢈꢵꢂꢅꢍꢡꢌꢐ ꢰꢩ꣇ ꢫꢄꢪꢘꢈꢐ ꢰꢩ꣇ ꣈ꢈꢏꢘꢵꢎꢌꢆꢉꢓꢐ ꢬꢩ꣇ ꢷꢓꢂꢨꢄꢈꢣꢂꢅꢐ ꢫꢩ꣇ ꢷꢈꢣꢅꢂꢍꢐ ꢯꢩ꣇
ꢸꢓꢪꢄꢐ ꢰꢩ꣇ ꣈ꢄꢏꢇꢉꢈꢣꢐ ꣂꢩ꣇ ꢫꢉꢈꢪꢄꢐ ꢫꢩꢝꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢃꢌꢏꢎꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢡꢌꢂꢇꢍꢡꢄꢓ
ꢝꢅꢉꢃꢂꢅꢆꢍꢂꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢉꢆꢂꢈꢆꢍꢄꢓ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢋꢌꢓꢉꢅꢍꢈꢂ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢎꢂꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢗꢂꢅ ꢊꢉꢅ
ꢝꢁꢢꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢡꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢝꢌꢉꢆꢉꢠꢍꢉꢓꢩ ꣂꢩ 1996ꢐ ꢏꢏ ꢥꢴꢧꢐ ꢭꢚꢭꢀꢭꢚꢹꢩ
ꢭꢜꢩ ꣈ꢄꢒꢄꢇꢘꢅꢄꢤ꣈ꢉꢈꢍꢎꢌꢍꢐ ꢶꢩ꣇ ꢑꢂꢏꢄꢐ ꢫꢩ꣇ ꢑꢉꢅꢍꢵꢄꢐ ꣃꢩ꣇ ꢮꢉꢅꢘꢉꢐ ꢫꢩ ꢫꢃꢄꢆꢍꢄꢓ ꢸꢅꢍꢤ
ꢂꢈꢆꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢊ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢄꢆ ꢆꢌꢂ ꣂꢍꢈꢣꢍꢈꢪ ꢫꢍꢆꢂ ꢉꢊ ꢋꢄꢆꢄꢓꢏꢆꢍꢡ ꢷꢈꢆꢍꢠꢉꢣꢏꢩ
ꣂꢍꢉꢡꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꣂꢍꢉꢃꢌꢏꢎꢩ ꢟꢂꢎꢩ ꢋꢉꢇꢇꢘꢈꢩ 1996ꢐ ꢌꢌꢋ ꢥꢴꢧꢐ ꢹꢛꢚꢀꢹꢻꢴꢩ
ꢭꢭꢩ ꣈ꢄꢅꢄꢇꢄꢈꢐ ꢟꢩ꣇ ꣂꢓꢄꢎꢵꢉꢐ ꢷꢩ꣇ ꣂꢅꢘꢍꢡꢂꢐ ꢢꢩ ꢋꢩ ꢫꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢍꢡꢄꢓ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢔꢈꢤ
ꢎꢏꢇꢇꢂꢆꢅꢍꢡꢄꢓ Qꢘꢄꢣꢅꢘꢃꢓꢏ ꢷꢗꢄꢤꣂꢅꢍꢣꢪꢂꢣ ꢋꢓꢉꢎꢂꢓꢏ ꢦꢈꢆꢂꢅꢎꢃꢄꢡꢂꢣ ꢋꢉꢊꢄꢡꢍꢄꢓ
ꣂꢍꢎꢥꢹꢐꢭꢜꢐꢭꢹꢐꢴꢜꢤꢆꢂꢆꢅꢄꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢧꢎꢩ ꢴꢩ ꢫꢏꢈꢆꢌꢂꢎꢍꢎꢐ ꢋꢌꢄꢅꢄꢡꢆꢂꢅꢍꢗꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢐ
ꢄꢈꢣ ꢋꢉꢈꢊꢉꢅꢇꢄꢆꢍꢉꢈꢄꢓ ꢰꣁꢂꢡꢆꢎ ꢉꢊ ꢫꢉꢓꢕꢂꢈꢆꢎꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢷꢇꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ 199ꢱꢐ ꢇꢇꢐꢐ
ꢻꢺꢺ꣄ꢀꢻꢺ꣄ꢺꢩ
ꢭꢴꢩ ꢯꢂꢉꢆꢤꢑꢂꢅꢐ ꢯꢩ꣇ ꢷꢣꢓꢂꢅꢐ ꢷꢩꢁꢩ ꢫꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢂꢈꢆ ꢰꣁꢂꢡꢆꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢑꢉꢈꢡꢉꢃꢓꢄꢈꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢫꢏꢎꢆꢂꢇꢩ ꢑꢂꢤꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢍꢈꢎꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢷꢇꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ 1975ꢐ ꢍꢊꢐ ꢹꢭꢜꢚꢀꢹꢭꢭꢴꢩ
ꢭꢛꢩ ꣅꢄꢓꢵꢂꢅꢐ ꣃꢩꢷꢩ꣇ ꣂꢂꢅꢉꢍꢗꢐ ꢁꢩ꣇ ꣈ꢄꢣꢍꢎꢌꢐ ꣈ꢩꢯꢩ ꢰꢓꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢈꢍꢡ ꢰꣁꢂꢡꢆꢎ ꢍꢈ ꢢꢅꢄꢈꢎꢍꢤ
ꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢯꢂꢆꢄꢓ ꢝꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈꢎꢩ ꢴꢩ ꢢꢌꢂ ꢫꢂꢈꢎꢍꢆꢍꢕꢍꢆꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢟꢂꢣꢉꢨ ꢄꢈꢣ ꢖꢍꢪꢄꢈꢣ ꢷꢣꢤ
ꢣꢍꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢟꢂꢄꢡꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢍꢈ ꢄꢅꢆꢅꢤꢫꢘꢠꢎꢆꢍꢆꢘꢆꢂꢣ ꢢꢂꢅꢄꢃꢌꢂꢈꢏꢓꢃꢉꢅꢃꢌꢏꢅꢍꢈ ꢋꢉꢇꢃꢓꢂꢨꢂꢎ
ꢉꢊ ꢋꢉꢠꢄꢓꢆꢥꢦꢦꢧꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢷꢇꢩ ꢋꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ 1976ꢐ ꢍꢉꢐ ꢛꢻꢺꢻꢀꢛꢻꢺ꣄ꢩ

ꢒꢌꢊꢒꢄꢁꢊꢆꢂꢀ ꢇꢂꢈꢃꢄꢅꢆꢊ ꢉꢌꢓꢇꢑꢃ ꢉꢌꢐꢒꢑꢅꢔꢅꢀ
ꢧ51
ꢭꢻꢩ ꣍ꢄꢪꢄꢓꢐ ꣋ꢩ꣇ ꢰꢍꢈꢣꢅꢂꢄꢐ ꢝꢩꣂꢩ꣇ ꢶꢂꢄꢪꢂꢅꢐ ꢰꢩ ꢷ ꢯꢂꢡꢌꢄꢈꢍꢎꢆꢍꢡ ꢫꢆꢘꢣꢏ ꢉꢊ ꢸꢴ ꢟꢂꢤ
ꢣꢘꢡꢆꢍꢉꢈ ꢉꢈ ꣅꢄꢆꢂꢅꢤꢎꢉꢓꢘꢠꢓꢂ ꢝꢌꢆꢌꢄꢓꢉꢡꢏꢄꢍꢈꢂꢎ ꢷꢣꢎꢉꢅꢠꢂꢣ ꢉꢈ ꢙꢅꢄꢃꢌꢍꢆꢂ
ꢰꢓꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢣꢂꢩ ꣋ꢩ ꢰꢓꢂꢡꢆꢅꢉꢡꢌꢂꢇꢩ ꢫꢉꢡꢩ 19ꢧꢷꢐ ꢇꢌꢊꢐ ꢭꢹꢜ꣆ꢀꢭꢹꢭꢚꢩ
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