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Novakov et al.
the internal standard. IR spectra were recorded on a Specord Mꢀ82
spectrometer (Nujol). Melting points were determined on a Fishꢀ
(s, 3 H, OMe); 5.14 (s, 1 H, CH); 6.86—6.93 (m, 2 H, HAr(3),
HAr(5)), 7.25—7.33 (m, 1 H, HAr(4)); 9.00 (br.s, 1 H, COOH).
2ꢀ(6ꢀChloroꢀ2ꢀfluorophenyl)ꢀ2ꢀmethoxyacetic acid (5b) was
obtained as described for acid 5a from ester 3b. Yield 93%.
Found (%): C, 49.41; H, 3.70; Cl, 16.20; F, 8.74. C9H8O3FCl
(M = 218.61). Calculated (%): C, 49.45; H, 3.69; Cl, 16.22;
F, 8.69. 1H NMR (CDCl3), : 3.39 (s, 3 H, OMe); 5.32 (s, 1 H,
CH); 7.19 (t, 1 H, HAr(4), J = 8.8 Hz); 7.26 (d, 2 H, HAr(3),
HAr(5), J = 8.3 Hz); 8.07 (br.s, 1 H, COOH).
er—Jones hot stage (Cole Palmer) at a heating rate of 10C min–1
.
TLC analysis was carried out on POLYGRAMSILG/UV254
plates (aluminum substrate coated with silica gel, MACHEREYꢀ
NAGEL GmbH&Co. KG) with C6H14—THF—MeOH
(12 : 3 : 1, v/v) as an eluent; spots were visualized under UV
light. Reaction mixtures and extracts were concentrated on
a Heidolph Laborota 4000 rotary evaporator (~20 Torr). Organic
extracts were dried with MgSO4. All the starting reagents were
purchased from Aldrich, Acros, or Lancaster Synthesis. Solvents
were additionally purified and dried according to known proceꢀ
dures.14 Samples prepared for physicochemical studies, as well
as nitroguanidine containing ballast water, were dried in high
vacuum over P2O5 for 20 h at 25—110 C, depending on the
melting point of the sample.
2ꢀ(2,6ꢀDichlorophenyl)ꢀ2ꢀmethoxyacetic acid (5c) was obꢀ
tained as described for acid 5a from ester 3c. Yield 98%, m.p.
120—122 C (from cyclohexane). Found (%): C, 46.01; H, 3.45;
Cl, 30.20. C9H8O3Cl2 (M = 235.06). Calculated (%): C, 45.99;
1
H, 3.43; Cl, 30.16. H NMR (CDCl3), : 3.39 (s, 3 H, OMe);
5.60 (s, 1 H, CH); 6.94 (t, 1 H, HAr(4), J = 9.7 Hz); 7.16—7.25
(m, 2 H, HAr(3), HAr(5)); 10.62 (s, 1 H, COOH).
Methyl 2ꢀ(2ꢀchloroꢀ6ꢀfluorophenyl)ꢀ2ꢀmethoxyacetate (3b).
A 2.5 M solution of BunLi (137.5 mmol) in hexane (55 mL) was
slowly added under dry nitrogen to anhydrous DMSO (90 mL)
while stirring and cooling it. Stirring was continued for another
5—10 min. Then a solution of acid 2b (13.46 g, 65.8 mmol) in
anhydrous DMSO (90 mL) was added dropwise with stirring and
cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h
and cooled again, whereupon MeI (9.4 mL, 21.41 g, 150.8 mmol)
was added dropwise with stirring. The stirring was continued for
another ~1.5 h. The reaction mixture was left at room temperaꢀ
ture for 16 h and poured into water (500 mL). Organic materials
were extracted with Et2O (3×150 mL). The combined organic
extracts were washed with brine (3×75 mL), dried, filtered,
and concentrated. The yield of crude ester 3b (95.2% purity,
GLCꢀMS) was 97%. This product was distilled to give ester 3b
(14.65 g, 86%) with 98.8% purity (Rt = 11.268 min, GLCꢀMS),
n20D = 1.5116, b.p. 109—111 C (2 Torr). Found (%): C, 51.60;
H, 4.39; Cl, 15.14; F, 8.27. C10H10O3FCl (M = 232.64). Calcuꢀ
lated (%): C, 51.63; H, 4.33; Cl, 15.24; F, 8.17. MS (EI, 70 eV),
m/z: 173.2 [M – COOMe]+ (100). MS (CI), m/z: 233.0 [M + 1]+
(100), 173.0 [M – COOMe]+ (35).
Ethyl 4ꢀ(2ꢀchloroꢀ6ꢀfluorophenyl)ꢀ4ꢀmethoxyꢀ2ꢀmethylꢀ3ꢀ
oxobutanoate (4b). Thionyl chloride (100 mL, 165.5 g, 1.39 mol)
was added to acid 5b (11.11 g, 50.8 mmol). Then several drops
of anhydrous DMF were added. The reaction mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 24 h and concentrated. Toluene
(2×75 mL) was added to the residue and then distilled off. The
resulting crude acid chloride was not purified prior to subsequent
transformations.
A solution of PriMgBr prepared from metallic Mg (6.79 g,
279.2 mgꢀatom) and PriBr (24 mL, 31.44 g, 255.6 mmol) in
anhydrous THF (150 mL) was added dropwise to a cooled and
stirred solution of EtOOCCH(Me)COOH (14.85 g, 101.6 mmol)
in anhydrous THF (75 mL). The mixture was stirred for another
20 min and cooled to –8 C. Then a solution of the crude acid
chloride in anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added dropwise at 0 C
over 1 h, while keeping the reaction mixture stirred. Stirring was
continued at 0 C for 1 h and then at room temperature for 1 h.
The reaction mixture was poured into a stirred mixture of conc.
HCl (35 mL) and crushed ice (70 g) and stirring was continꢀ
ued until the ice melted completely. The product was extracted
with diethyl ether (3×200 mL). The combined extracts
were washed with water (to pH 4—5), 5% aqueous K2CO3 (when
acidified, these extracts return up to 80% of the excess
EtOOCCH(Me)COOH), again water to a neutral reaction, and
brine (3×100 mL). The washed organic solution was dried, filꢀ
tered through a short (5—7 mm) column with silica gel for TLC,
and concentrated. The yield of the target ester 4b was 15.30 g
(99%). The content of the title component was 95.0% (two pairs
of diastereomers with Rt = 15.101 min (51.0%) and Rt = 15.422 min
(44.0%), GLCꢀMS). Found (%): C, 55.60; H, 5.30; Cl, 11.72;
F, 6.28. C14H16O4FCl (M = 302.73). Calculated (%): C, 55.55;
H, 5.33; Cl, 11.71; F, 6.28. MS (EI, 70 eV), m/z: 173.2
[M – C(O)CH(Me)COOC2H5]+ (100). MS (CI), m/z: 271.0
[M – OMe]+ (100).
Methyl 2ꢀ(2,6ꢀdifluorophenyl)ꢀ2ꢀmethoxyacetate (3a) was
obtained as described above for ester 3b from acid 2a. Yield 86%,
purity 96.0% (Rt = 9.197 min, GLCꢀMS). Found (%): C, 55.60;
H, 4.70; F, 17.48. C10H10O3F2 (M = 216.18). Calculated (%):
C, 55.56; H, 4.66; F, 17.58. MS (EI, 70 eV), m/z: 157.1
[M – COOMe]+ (100). MS (CI), m/z: 217.0 [M + 1]+ (100),
157.1 [M – COOMe]+ (36).
Methyl 2ꢀ(2,6ꢀdichlorophenyl)ꢀ2ꢀmethoxyacetate (3c) was
obtained as described for ester 3b from acid 2c. Yield 92%, purity
99.4% (Rt = 13.159 min, GLCꢀMS), m.p. 95—96 C (from hexꢀ
ane). Found (%): C, 48.20; H, 4.00; Cl, 28.50. C10H10O3Cl2
(M = 249.09). Calculated (%): C, 48.22; H, 4.05; Cl, 28.47. MS
(EI, 70 eV), m/z: 248.8 [M]+ (7), 191.0 [M – COOMe]+ (100). MS
(CI), m/z: 250.0 [M + 1]+ (100), 189.1 [M – COOMe]+ (62).
2ꢀ(2,6ꢀDifluorophenyl)ꢀ2ꢀmethoxyacetic acid (5a). Ester 3a
(10 g, 46.2 mmol) was refluxed with 10% aqueous NaOH (7.4 g,
185.0 mmol) until a transparent solution formed. On cooling,
the product was extracted with diethyl ether (2×50 mL). The
extracts were mixed with Et2O (250 mL) and acidified with conc.
HCl to pH 1. The organic phase was separated, washed with
water (to pH 5), dried, and filtered. The solvent was removed to
give pure acid 5a (1H NMR). Yield 9.19 g (98%). Found (%):
C, 53.51; H, 3.99; F, 18.81. C9H8O3F2 (M = 202.15). Calculatꢀ
Ethyl 4ꢀ(2,6ꢀdifluorophenyl)ꢀ4ꢀmethoxyꢀ2ꢀmethylꢀ3ꢀoxoꢀ
butanoate (4a) was obtained as described for 3ꢀoxo ester 4b from
acid 5a. Yield 94%. Found (%): C, 58.80; H, 5.61; F, 13.30.
C14H16O4F2 (M = 286.27). Calculated (%): C, 58.74; H, 5.63;
F, 13.27. The content of the title component was 98.5% (two
pairs of diastereomers with Rt = 13.376 min (59.6%) and
Rt = 13.713 min (38.9%), GLCꢀMS). MS (EI, 70 eV), m/z: 157.0
[M – C(O)CH(Me)COOC2H5]+ (100). MS (CI), m/z: 254.8
[M – OMe]+ (100).
Ethyl 4ꢀ(2,6ꢀdichlorophenyl)ꢀ4ꢀmethoxyꢀ2ꢀmethylꢀ3ꢀoxoꢀ
butanoate (4c) was obtained as described for 3ꢀoxo ester 4b from
1
ed (%): C, 53.47; H, 3.99; F, 18.80. H NMR (CDCl3), : 3.40