
Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences p. 995 - 1014 (2007)
Update date:2022-08-24
Topics:
Kantlehner, Willi
Leonhardt, Sylvia
Ziegler, Georg
Scherr, Oliver
Kre?, Ralf
Goeppert, Alain
Sommer, Jean
Tris(dichloromethyl)amine (4), triformamide (1) and tris(diformylamino) methane ( formyl-aalen ) (2) can be activated by addition of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The formylating systems thus formed transform activated aromatic compounds, such as toluene, anisole or 2,4-dimethoxybenzene to the corresponding aldehydes. The formylating ability of systems from 4 and superacids, such as FSO3H, FSO3H/SbF5, C 4F9SO3H, and mixtures of aluminum chloride with C4F9SO3H and chlorosulfonic acid, respectively, is compared. In general, low reaction temperatures (-20 to -10°C) are necessary to obtain aldehydes with acceptable to good yields. Remarkably, at higher temperatures (~ 100°C) compound 4 can also act as a formylating agent in the presence of suitable zeolites, as e. g. zeolite HBEA. Reaction mechanisms of the new formylation reactions are proposed.
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