418
M. Yazdanbakhsh et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 47 (2012) 413–418
Table 4
The comparison of some other catalyst with Co2CrO4 spinel nanoparticles.
Entry
Catalyst
Weight (mg)a (mol%)
Temp. (8C)
Time (h)
Yield (%)
Sulfoxide
Literature
Sulfone
1
2
Na2WO4, C6H5PO3H2, [CH3(n-C8H17)3N]HSO4
4.7 (0.1)
200 (4.4)b
35
rt
9
93
88
7
[23]
[24]
Tungstate-exchanged
0.5
12
Mg–Al-LDH
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sc(OTf)3
9.8 (20)
12 (1.5)
100 (–)
200 (–)
7.1 (2)
rt
5
95
89
95
98
90
98
96
3
11
3
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
MoO2Cl2
rt
0.35
0.5
0.17
2
Silica sulfuric acid
rt
Carbon-based solid acid
Reflux
2
TaCl5
rt
rt
rt
10
2
Preyssler-type heteropolyacid modified nano-sized TiO2
Co2CrO4 spinel nanoparticles
25 (–)
1
c
1.1 (0.5)
0.5
0
–
a
mg of the catalyst per 1 mmol of the methyl phenylsulfide.
b
c
2ꢀ
mol% of WO4 content.
Reaction conditions as exemplified in the experimental procedure.
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4. Conclusions
In summary, nanoparticles of Co2CrO4 spinel were prepared
using sol–gel method in the presence of oxalic acid as a chelating
agent. The XRD, EDX and TEM reveal that the Co2CrO4 nanopar-
ticles prepared by calcinating the gel precursor at 450 8C have good
crystallinity in spinel structure. According to TEM image, the
particle size of nano-sized Co2CrO4 spinel was obtained at 9 nm.
The nanoparticles exhibited regular morphology with homoge-
neous particle size distribution. The IR spectroscopy also confirms
the desired structure of the nanoparticles.
Eventually, a simple, rapid, efficient and recyclable protocol for
the selective oxidation of sulfides to their corresponding sulfoxides
using Co2CrO4 spinel nanoparticles with 30% H2O2 in t-BuOH was
evaluated. High yields, chemoselectivity and mild reaction
conditions are the advantages of this method.
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Acknowledgements
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The authors gratefully acknowledge Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad for financial support of this project (P438) and R. Pesian
and N. Hashemian for taking TEM images at Central Laboratory of
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
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