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particles is clearly visible indicating that the major cause of the
deactivation is the reduced Au surface area. The size of the
9 T. N. Smith, K. Hash, C.-L. Davey, H. Mills, H. Williams and
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particles are also present. However, accurate determination of
the average particle size and dispersion is problematic due to
the irregular shape of the particles.
rivertop-contracts-with-dti-on-bioglucarate-based-production/
?ref¼brm.
11 J.-F. Thaburet, N. Merbouh, M. Ibert, F. Marsais and
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Conclusions
¨
12 M. Ibert, F. Marsais, N. Merbouh and C. Bruckner,
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¨
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¨
adsorption of free acids on the catalyst surface. Comparison of 19 R. Saliger, N. Decker and U. Pruße, Appl. Catal., B, 2011, 102,
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¨
´
Al2O3 catalyst requires further development to prevent Au
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This work was funded by Tekes – the Finnish Funding Agency 25 K. Rangappa, N. Anitha, M. Nikath, K. Rai and N. Gowda,
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Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki for providing
laboratory facilities.
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19506 | RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 19502–19507
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