A. S. Patki et al.
89% toward pyrazole in 3-h reaction time. We have also put in eforts to investigate
and propose a plausible mechanism for the SPVA-catalyzed pyrazole synthesis reac-
tion. Recyclability study of SPVA catalyst also demonstrated that it can efectively
be separated and recycled up to six recycles without appreciable loss in its catalytic
activity. To conclude, the present synthetic protocol for three-component synthesis
of pyrazole derivatives in the presence of SPVA as a heterogeneous catalyst can be
considered as a sustainable approach as the process justifed the overarching goals of
green chemistry.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN
(Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, and funding support was through the basic research Grant of
JAIN (No. 11(39)/17/005/2017SG). Authors would like to thank Nano Mission, DST, Government of
India, for partial fnancial support SR/NM/NS-20/2014.
Declarations
Confict of interest The authors declare that they have no known competing fnancial interests or personal
relationships that could have appeared to infuence the work reported in this paper.
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