Synthesis and characterization of various xanthates and their effects on germination and early seedling growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Article abstract of DOI:10.14233/ajchem.2013.15669

Potassium n-propyl xanthate potassium iso-propyl xanthate, potassium n-butyl xanthate and potassium iso-butyl xanthate were synthesized and characterized by melting point, elemental analysis and infrared spectra and their effect on germination and early seedling growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. All chemical treatments decreased per cent germination length and dry weight of shoots decreased at all concentrations except at 5 and 10 ppm n-propyl xanthate. Root length also decreased except at 5,10 and 25 ppm of potassium iso-propyl xanthate and potassium iso-butyl xanthate, root dry weight decreased with all chemical treatments except at 5 and 10 ppm in case of potassium n-butyl xanthate.

Full text of DOI:10.14233/ajchem.2013.15669

Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 25, No. 12 (2013), 6995-6996
http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15669
NOTE
Synthesis and Characterization of Various Xanthates and Their Effects on
Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
*
ALKA RANI and C.S. GUPTA
Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, Moradabad-244 001, India
Corresponding author: E-mail: satishpps@yahoo.co.in
Received: 1 March 2013;
*
(
Accepted: 10 June 2013)
AJC-13622
Potassium n-propyl xanthate potassium iso-propyl xanthate, potassium n-butyl xanthate and potassium iso-butyl xanthate were synthesized
and characterized by melting point, elemental analysis and infrared spectra and their effect on germination and early seedling growth in
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. All chemical treatments decreased per cent germination length and dry weight of shoots
decreased at all concentrations except at 5 and 10 ppm n-propyl xanthate. Root length also decreased except at 5,10 and 25 ppm of
potassium iso-propyl xanthate and potassium iso-butyl xanthate, root dry weight decreased with all chemical treatments except at 5 and
1
0 ppm in case of potassium n-butyl xanthate.
Key Words: Xanthate, Wheat.
Reactions of plants to exogenously applied chemicals offer
TABLE-1
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
SYNTHESIZED VARIOUS XANTHATE
a wide range of possibilities for exploring physiological
phenomena. The facilities with which chemicals can modify
plant growth and development indicate a relatively easy entry
of applied chemicals into the cells of organism. It is now a
recognized fact that most, if not all, physiological activities of
the plant are regulated by a variety of chemicals such as auxins,
gibberellins, kinins and inhibitors including phenols. These
growth promotors and inhibitors have been shown to influence
dormancy, germination, morphogenesis, growth, flowering,
Colour and
m.p.
C=S
(cm )
C-O-C
-1
(cm )
Compound
-
1
Potassium n-propyl
xanthate (C H OKS )
White
(230 ºC)
White
(274 ºC)
Light yellow
(254 ºC)
Light yellow
(262ºC)
1070
1100-1151
1120-1165
1150-1180
1130-1125
4
7
2
Potassium iso-propyl
xanthate (C H OKS )
1075
1110
1015
4
7
2
Potassium n-butyl
xanthate (C H OKS )
5
9
2
Potassium iso-butyl
xanthate (C H OKS )
1
-14
fruit set and yield . This study reports the synthesis and
characterization of various xanthates and their effect on
germination and early seedling growth in wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.).
5
9
2
Delhi and germination studies were conducted at room tempe-
rature (28 ± 2 ºC). The seeds were surface sterilized with 0.1
% mercuric chloride solution for 2 min, washed three times
with water and germinated in petri dishes (11 cm) lined with
filter paper and moistened with different test solution of 5, 10,
25 and 100 ppm potassium n-propyl xanthate, potassium iso-
propyl xanthates, potassium n-butyl xanthate, potassium iso-
butyl xanthates. Distilled water was used as control solution.
Three replicate (each consisting of 20 seedlings) of each
chemical treatment were maintained. Percent germination,
length and dry weight of shoot and root were recorded 8 days
after soaking in test solutions. For each observation, sample
in triplicate (each consisting of 10 seedlings) were taken
Xanthates were prepared by dissolving potassium hydroxide
in distilled water, adding benzene followed by respective
alcohol (n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol with
constant stirring and finally adding carbon disulphide very
slowly and maintaining the temp. 4-5 ºC (benzene is toxic so,
appropriate precaution is necessary). The molar ratio of KOH,
2
alcohal and CS was 1:1:1. The solid product was filtered and
washed with ether dried under vaccum and used for germination
studies. The physico-chemical properties of purified various
xanthates are shown in Table-1.
The seeds of wheat Pusa Ruby Lot No.- 7-10Cy (d)-19
were obtained from the National seed Corporation Ltd., New

6
996 Rani et al.
Asian J. Chem.
TABLE-2
GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN WHEAT IN VARIOUS XANTHATE VALUES ARE THE AVERAGE OF 30 SEEDLINGS
Shoot dry weight
seedings (g)
Root dry weight
(g)
Chemical sance
Conc. (ppm)
5
Germination (%)
Shoot length (cm)
Root length (cm)
94.80
91.50
91.00
90.80
90.00
94.50
91.50
91.00
81.80
68.20
95.50
91.50
91.00
90.00
89.50
94.00
92.00
89.10
50.50
47.10
4.27
5.55
5.00
4.23
4.19
4.15
4.45
4.40
3.08
3.00
5.20
5.00
4.81
4.08
4.00
5.10
4.55
4.56
4.20
4.20
0.130
0.131
0.110
0.113
0.101
1.000
0.133
0.127
0.127
0.121
1.000
0.143
0.152
0.135
0.121
1.000
0.121
0.123
0.111
0.103
5.66
5.09
4.92
4.73
4.69
4.84
4.95
5.00
5.12
4.40
4.20
4.50
4.80
4.60
4.50
1.08
4.95
4.96
4.98
4.71
0.116
0.112
0.104
0.094
0.082
0.130
0.128
0.129
0.130
0.011
0.040
1.144
0.146
0.140
0.112
0.100
0.118
0.120
0.125
0.118
1
2
5
0
5
0
Potassium n-
propyl xanthate
1
00
5
1
0
5
0
Potassium iso-
propyl xanthate
2
5
1
00
5
1
0
5
0
Potassium n-butyl
xanthate
2
5
1
00
5
1
0
5
0
Potassium iso-
butyl xanthate
2
5
1
00
randomly. The data were subjected to statistical analysis based
2
on analysis of variance according to Brunning and Kintz .
genous levels of growth inhibitors in developing seedlings.
This view, however, need further experimental proofs on the
activity of growth promoters and inhibitors in developing
seedling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Percent germination decreased as the concentration of
chemical increased (Table-2). The behaviour of potassium
n-propyl xanthate, potassium n-butyl xanthate and potassium
iso-propyl xanthate were almost similar while potassium ios-
butyl xanthate significantly decrease germination about by
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