Adsorption properties of natural alumosilicate Ukrainian minerals, in situ modified by poly[8-methacroyloxyquinoline] to Pb(??), Mn(??), Cu(??) and Fe(???) ions

Article abstract of DOI:10.1080/15421406.2020.1859704

Immobilization of poly[8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] on a natural saponite surface immediately after polymer formation has been performed. The adsorption properties of the modified adsorbent with respect to Cu(II), Pb(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) were studied. As a result of thermogravimetric analysis and DSC-MS analysis, it has been found that the composition of synthesized composite includes 10.14 wt% of polymer. As a result of the comparison of the sorption properties of the modified and original minerals with respect to the Pb (II), Cu (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) ions, their improvement was recorded after modification by the polymer selected with respect to the ions Pb (II), Fe (III) and Cu (II).

Full text of DOI:10.1080/15421406.2020.1859704

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals
ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gmcl20
Adsorption properties of natural alumosilicate
Ukrainian minerals, in situ modified by poly[8-
methacroyloxyquinoline] to Pb(ІІ), Mn(ІІ), Cu(ІІ) and
Fe(ІІІ) ions
E. Yanovska, I. Savchenko, D. Sternik & O. Kychkyruk
To cite this article: E. Yanovska, I. Savchenko, D. Sternik & O. Kychkyruk (2021)
Adsorption properties of natural alumosilicate Ukrainian minerals, inꢀsitu modified by poly[8-
methacroyloxyquinoline] to Pb(ІІ), Mn(ІІ), Cu(ІІ) and Fe(ІІІ) ions , Molecular Crystals and Liquid
Crystals, 717:1, 1-13, DOI: 10.1080/15421406.2020.1859704
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2020.1859704
Published online: 27 Jul 2021.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 9
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at
https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=gmcl20

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
021, VOL. 717, NO. 1, 1–13
2
https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2020.1859704
Adsorption properties of natural alumosilicate Ukrainian
minerals, in situ modified by poly[8-methacroyloxyquinoline]
to Pb(II), Mn(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions
a
a
b
c
E. Yanovska , I. Savchenko , D. Sternik , and O. Kychkyruk
a
b
National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine ; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University,
c
Lublin, Poland; Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
ABSTRACT
KEYWORDS
adsorption; in situ
immobilization; saponite;
poly[8-methacroyloxy-quin-
oline]; composite;
heavy metals
Immobilization of poly[8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] on a natural sap-
onite surface immediately after polymer formation has been per-
formed. The adsorption properties of the modified adsorbent with
respect to Cu(II), Pb(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) were studied. As a result of
thermogravimetric analysis and DSC-MS analysis, it has been found
that the composition of synthesized composite includes 10.14 wt%
of polymer. As a result of the comparison of the sorption properties
of the modified and original minerals with respect to the Pb (II), Cu
(
II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) ions, their improvement was recorded after
modification by the polymer selected with respect to the ions Pb (II),
Fe (III) and Cu (II).
1. Introduction
Environmental pollutants and their toxicity cause a major problem worldwide. New pollu-
tants keep emerging and pose severe health and scientific challenges. Water pollution is
one of the biggest environmental issues causing serious problems to living beings. The
removal of various toxic substances from water and wastewater has been a core interest
of many scientists and researchers around the globe over the past decades [1–3].
Nano clay composites such as or organoclays, polymer–clay nanocomposites, are an
attractive class of hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials. Polymer–clay nanocomposite
is a matter of an increased interest in research and development around the globe based
on their capacity for selective adsorption of molecules and to solve water problems.
Most heavy metals are known to be carcinogenic agents and may represent a serious
threat to the living population because of their nondegradable, persistent and accumula-
tive nature [4,5].
Adsorption process is a suitable technique for inorganic and organic pollutants
removal from wastewater, because of the significant advantages like low-cost, availabil-
ity, profitability, ease of operation, efficiency and effectiveness than other techni-
ques [6,7].
This technique is easy to operate and equally effective in the removal of toxic pollu-
tants, even at low concentrations. Clay, a fine-grained natural raw material, is a matter
CONTACT I. Savchenko
irassavchenko@gmail.com
Taras National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 60,
Volodymyrska str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.
ß 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

2
E. YANOVSKA ET AL.
of much attention due to its use as an effective adsorbent to trace heavy metal ions pre-
sent in aqueous solution for more than a decade now [8]. Clay minerals have space
between their layers, which is the main reason they adsorb toxic metals that are present
in water molecules. Most of the clays can swell and increase the space between their
layers to accommodate the adsorbed water and ionic species.
The natural minerals of Ukraine, widely known for their sorption properties in rela-
tion to various anthropogenic substances, include Ukraine saponite [9]. To improve the
sorption properties of natural minerals, it is expedient to modify their surface with sub-
stances capable of complexation and ion exchange, in particular nitrogen- and oxygen-
containing polymers.
One of the ways to immobilize polymers on solid surfaces is the in situ method of
polymerization, which allows “to grow” a polymeric film directly on the surface of the
carrier in the process of polymer synthesis [10,11]. In situ polymerization involves two
interconnected processes: the chemical process is the growth of macromolecules and the
physical – self-assembly of growing chains in complex supramolecular structures. As a
result, an ordered layer of polymer is formed, which is strongly adsorbed on the surface
of the carrier.
The in situ polymerization method can be successfully applied to carriers of different
shapes and rigidity. Moreover, it is the only way to obtain a polymer layer on porous
and powdered nanoscale carriers. The advantage of this method of immobilizing poly-
mers on solid surfaces is universality with respect to the chemical nature of the car-
rier [12].
As it follows from the review of modern literary sources [13,14], the laws of physical
and chemical fixation of polymers on the surface of carriers of different chemical nature
in order to obtain substances with new interesting and useful properties are not fully
understood and their research is relevant today.
This work is devoted to the modification of the saponite surface of the Tashkiv
deposit of Ukraine, by poly[8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] by in situ polymerization and
the study of sorption properties of the modified mineral in relation to toxic metals ions
such as Cu (II), Pb (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III).
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
As a mineral porous base for polymer modification used saponite of Tashkiv deposit of
Slavutsky district of Khmelnitsky region, chemical composition and physicochemical
properties of which are described in the paper [15].
The synthesis of 8-methacroyloxy-quinoline is given below: 8-hydroxyquinoline
(18.15 g, 0.0125 mol) was dissolved in 100 mL anhydrous THF, and freshly distilled trie-
thylamine (34.78 mL, 0.25 mol) was added to the solution. The reaction mixture was
ꢀ
then cooled to 0–5 C. Methacryloyl chloride (24.41 mL, 0.25 mol) in THF (50 mL) was
injected gradually to the above solution via a glass syringe while the solution tempera-
ꢀ
ture was kept below 5 C. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room tempera-
ture. The resulting precipitate was filtered off. Purification was followed by
recrystallization from methanol. Yield: 86%.

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
3
1
8
-Methacroyloxy-quinoline. H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO, d, ppm): d 7.48–7.59 (t, 3H),
8
¼
.85–7.85 (s, 2H), 6.40 (s, 1H C ¼ CH , cis), 5.85 (s, 1H C ¼ CH , trans), 2.11 (s, 3H,
2
2
C-CH ).
3
The polymerization of 8-methacroyloxy-quinoline in the presence of saponite (frac-
2
tion of particles with a diameter of 0.1–0.2 mm, specific surface 428.61 m /g, Merck) has
been ccarried out under the argon atmosphere. A solution of 6.5 g 8-methacroyloxy-
quinoline and 0.065 g of 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in 150 mL tetrahydrofuran
0
(
THF) were poured into a flask containing 19.5 g of silica gel. When argon blowing was
ꢀ
finished after 15 min, the reaction mixture was heated to 78 C; polymerization contin-
ued for 5 h with stirring. The reaction was stopped by cooling the reaction mixture. The
resulting suspension was poured into a porcelain cup and left overnight to evaporate
the solvent; the synthesized composite was washed three times with isopropyl alcohol,
filtered and air-dried for 24 h at room temperature.
FTIR spectra of the samples of composite and the original mineral were recorded
using an IR spectrometer with Fourier transformation (Thermo Nicolet Nexus FT-IR,
USA). For this purpose the samples were ground in an agate mortar and pressed with
ꢁ
1
KBr. The FTIR spectra were recorded in the spectral range of 500–4000 cm with 16
ꢁ
1
scans per spectrum at a resolution of 4 cm .
2
.1.1. Thermal analysis
Thermal analysis was carried out on a STA 449 Jupiter F1, Netzsch (Germany) under
ꢀ
ꢁ
1
the following operational conditions: heating rate of 10 C min , dynamic atmosphere
ꢀ
ꢁ
1
of synthetic air (50 mL min ), temperature range of 30–950 C, sample mass approxi-
mately 18 mg, sensor thermocouple type S TG-DSC. As a reference empty Al O cru-
2
3
cible was used. The gaseous products emitted during decomposition of material were
analyzed by QMS 403C (Germany) coupling on-line to STA instrument. The QMS data
were gathered in the range from 10 to 160 amu.
2
.1.2. Surface morphology analysis
The surface morphology of composite was observed by a scanning electron microscope
SEM, LEO 1430VP, Carl Zeiss, Germany).
(
2
.1.3. The investigations of adsorption properties
Properties of the obtained composite to adsorb Cu(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) were
studied in static mode. Working solutions of the nitrates of corresponding metals were
prepared using volumetric flasks of 25 mL, 50 or 100 mL, diluting solutions to the mark
with standard buffer solutions of certain pH values, and then, the required volume was
added to flat-bottom flasks containing 0.1 g of the adsorbent. The reaction was proceed-
ing while the flasks were shaken mechanically. Equilibrium concentrations of ions were
measured using atomic absorption methods.
Working nitrate solutions of Cu(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) are prepared with the sets of
“
standard sample solutions” of these salts on 1 ꢀ ꢁNO background (produced by
3
A.V. Bogatsky FHI in Odesa) with concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/mL.

4
E. YANOVSKA ET AL.
To create pH 4.0, a standard phtalate buffer solution was prepared using a titration
substance (ISO 8,135: 2009, manufacturer - JSC “Kyiv Plant RIAP”). To prepare a buffer
ammonia-acetate solution at pH 8.4, 17 mL of 0.1 M acetic acid was poured into a 1 L
volumetric flask and 5 mL of 6.5 M (25%) of ammonia solution was added. The exact
pH was measured using a pH meter “HANNAHI 98129,” adding dropwise acetic acid
or ammonia solution. The resulting solution was brought to the mark with dis-
tilled water.
The speed of the establishment of the sorption equilibrium was determined by the
following procedure: the working solutions of metal salts with an optimal pH value of
25 mL containing 100 lg of metal ion were shaken from 0.1 g of sorbent for 5–90 min.
After sorption for 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 min of contact, aliquot volumes of equilib-
rium solutions were selected and their concentration of metal ions was determined.
Determination of the equilibrium concentration of the metals was carried out by
atomic absorption using a flaming atomic absorption spectrophotometer “Saturn”
(
3
Ukraine) in a “air - propane – butane” flame mixture. Maxima wavelengths were:
24.7 nm for Cu(II), 228.8 nm – for Cd(II), 283.3 nm – for Pb(II), 248.3 nm – for
Fe(III), aperture being 0.5 cm wide.
2
.2. Calculations
The adsorption capacity (A) was calculated using the formula:
A ¼ ðc –½ꢀꢂÞ V=m
j
where c – the initial molar concentration of the metal, [M] is the equilibrium molar
o
concentration of the metal, V – is the volume of the working solution (l) , m – is mass
of the adsorbent (g).
The adsorption rate (R) was calculated according to the equation:
R ¼ ðmads=m Þ ꢃ 100% ¼ ðm ꢁ ½mꢂÞ=m ꢃ 100
o
o
o
where m – is mass of metal in the starting solution (mkg), m – is mass of the metal
o
ads
adsorbed, [m] – is mass of the metal at equilibrium after the adsorption, which was
found [m]¼ꢂꢃV, where ꢂ – is concentration of the metal at equilibrium (mrg/mL) and
V – is the volume of the solution at equilibrium (mL).
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized composite
The chemical structure of in situ polymer immobilization 8-methacroyloxy-quinoline on
the saponite surface could be presented as follows (Fig. 1):
The fact of the process of in situ polymerization and fixing of the polymer on the
saponite surface were confirmed by comparative analysis of IR spectra of original min-
eral (A) and modified mineral (Fig. 2).
A comparative analysis of the IR spectra of the synthesized composite and its original
mineral carriers shows that, in contrast to the original mineral, a number of new absorption
bands are observed in the spectrum of composite. The most informative to confirm the

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
5
Figure 1. The scheme of in situ immobilization of poly[8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] on the sapon-
ite surface.
Figure 2. IR spectra of the original (1) and modified saponite (2).
presence of poly [8-oxyquinolinomethacrylate] in the surface layer of selected mineral are a
ꢁ
1
number of bands in the region 1200–1700 cm , which can be interpreted as follows:
ꢁ
1
ꢄ
ꢄ
ꢄ
vibrations in the region 1578–1683 cm may correspond to the valence vibra-
tions t (C ¼ N) and t (C ¼ C) of the aromatic quinoline system;
ꢁ1
absorption band at 1759 cm can be attributed to the valence vibrations t (Ar-
COO-R);
ꢁ
1
absorption bands in the range from 1361 to 1479 cm correspond to the skeletal
oscillations of the C-C bonds of the aromatic quinoline system.
The presence of these absorption bands in the IR spectrum of the synthesized com-
posite may be evidence of the presence of poly [8-oxyquinoline methacrylate] in their
composition.
To determine the mass of the immobilized polymer, a thermogravimetric analysis of
the original and modified saponite was performed. The obtained thermograms are
shown in Figs. 3 and 4. From these figures, it is seen that the predominant amount of

6
E. YANOVSKA ET AL.
Figure 3. Thermogram of the original saponite.
Figure 4. Thermogram of the modified saponite.
ꢀ
immobilized polymer decomposes in a temperature range of 89 to 700 C. 20.61% of its
mass is lost. The weight loss of the original mineral in this temperature range is
10.47%, respectively (Fig. 3). Therefore, the weight of the immobilized polymer in the
composition of composite is 10.14%.
To detail the process of thermo destruction of the composite, its thermogram, com-
bined with mass spectrum, was obtained in 3D format (Fig. 5a), Mass spectrum 2D for-
mat (Fig. 5b) and thermogram combined with infrared spectrum, in 3D format
(Fig. 5c).
As can be seen from these figures, the thermal destruction of the composite occurs
with the formation of water and carbon dioxide, as evidenced by the high-intensity
peaks corresponding to masses 18 and 44. However, in the mass spectra of this compos-
ite there is also a low-intensity peak at mass 28, which most likely corresponds the for-
mation of carbon (II) oxide or nitrogen.

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
7
Figure 5. (a). TG-MS-3D of the synthesized composite. (b). MS-2D of the synthesized composite. (c).
Thermogram combined with infrared spectrum, in 3D format (C) of the synthesized composite.

8
E. YANOVSKA ET AL.
Table 1. Characteristics of the surface of saponite and synthesized composite.
2
Surface area (m /g)
Average
pore volume
(cm /g)
Average
pore size (nm)
3
Sample
P/P
0
BET
Langmuir
Saponite
Composite
41.01
1.89
41.48
1.86
64.85
2.28
0.085
0.011
8.21
22.49
Figure 6. (a) ꢂðꢀ photo of the surface of the original saponite at an increase of 50,000 times. (b)
ꢂðꢀ photo of the surface of the composite at an increase of 5000 times.
To investigate the parameters of the surface of synthesized composites, the method of
BET (low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen) was used.
The resulting adsorption-desorption nitrogen isotherms for the original saponite and
the synthesized composite are similar and belong to the type IV isoterm according to
the classification of IUPAC [16]. This suggests that the structure of the surface of min-
eral as a result of fixing the polymer is unchanged practically.
The surface area, average volume, and pore size of the surface of the synthesized
composite, calculated by computerized isotherm processing, are shown in Table 1.
From the data in Table 1, it follows that as a result of immobilization of poly [8-oxy-
quinolinomethacrylate] on the surface of the saponite.
ꢄ
ꢄ
ꢄ
specific surface area decreases by 21.7 times.
average pore volume decreases by 7.7 times.
average pore diameter increases 2.7 times for saponite.
The established changes in the surface parameters of the selected mineral are logical
consequences of its modification by the polymer and at the same time serve as add-
itional confirmation of such modification.
The surface of saponite before and after modification by a polymer was investigated
by scanning electron microscopy (Figs. 6–8). As can be seen from the obtained photos,
the polymer is on the surface of the mineral in the form of convex agglomerates. The
modification of the polymer does not change the structure of the mineral surface, but
only reduces its porosity.

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
9
Figure 7. ꢂðꢀ photo of the surface of the composite at an increase of 10,000 times.
Figure 8. ꢂðꢀ photo of the surface of the composite at an increase of 25,000 times.
Since the immobilized polymer is composed of 8-oxyquinoline groups, it must exhibit
complex-forming activity with respect to transition metal ions due to nitrogen oxide.
To confirm these considerations, we investigated the sorption of transition metal ions
with a high affinity for nitrogen-containing ligands.
Investigation of the sorption capacity of the synthesized composite for these metal
ions included:

1
0
E. YANOVSKA ET AL.
2þ
2þ
3þ
2þ
Figure 9. Kinetics of sorption of Mn (1), ꢂu (2), Fe (3), Pb (4) ions on the surface of sapon-
ite, in situ modified poly [8-methacroyloxy-quinoline].
Figure 10. Adsorption isotherm of ions Pb(II) on saponite surface with immobilized poly [8-metha-
croyloxy-quinoline].
ꢄ
ꢄ
ꢄ
study of the rate of sorption of selected ions on the surface of the synthesized
composite in static mode from aqueous nitrate solutions;
construction of isotherms of sorption of each of the investigated metal ions on
the surface of the synthesized composite;
determination of sorption capacity for each of the investigated metal ions and
comparison with the original mineral.
The kinetics of sorption of selected metal ions by the composite surface is presented
in Fig. 9.
As can be seen from Fig. 9, the optimal sorption time of Cu (II) and Pb (II) ions on
the surface of the composite in static mode is 1 h, and the Fe (III) and Mn (II) ions are
2
h. The optimum contact time of all metal ions with the composite surface was taken
into account during the experiments of sorption isotherm construction.
To determine the sorption capacity of the composite relative to the selected transition
metal ions, their sorption isotherms were constructed (Figs. 10–13).

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
11
Figure 11. Adsorption isotherm of ions Fe(II) on saponite surface with immobilized poly [8-metha-
croyloxy-quinoline].
Figure 12. Adsorption isotherm of ions Cu(II) on saponite surface with immobilized poly [8-metha-
croyloxy-quinoline].
Figure 13. Adsorption isotherm of ions Mn(II) on saponite surface with immobilized poly [8-metha-
croyloxy-quinoline].

1
2
E. YANOVSKA ET AL.
Table 2 Adsorption capacity of the original mineral and the synthesized composite.
Adsorption capacity
Original mineral
Composite
mmol/g
ꢂation
mmol/g
2
þ
ꢂu
Fe
Pb
0.017
0.014
0.016
0.015
0.064
0.025
0.021
0.015
3þ
2þ
2
þ
Mn
The values of the sorption capacity of the original mineral and the synthesized com-
posite relative to the ions Pb (II), Fe (III), Cu (II) and Mn (II), calculated from the
sorption isotherms, are presented in Table 2.
As follows from Table 2, the sorption capacity of the selected mineral after modifica-
tion of poly [8-oxyquinolinomethacrylate], unlike modified silica gel:
ꢄ
ꢄ
ꢄ
significantly increases with respect to Cu (II) ions: 3.8 times;
increases with respect to Pb (II) ions: – by 30%;
does not change with respect to Mn (II) ions.
The sorption capacity for Fe ions (III) increases 3.8 times.
Of course, the results can be explained by the processes of complexation of metal
ions with poly [8-oxyquinolinomethacrylate] molecules, since they correlate well with
the stability constants of these ions with 8-oxyquinoline.
4. Conclusions
In summary, a new hybrid organic/inorganic composite has been synthesized by in situ
immobilization of poly [8-methacroyloxy-quinoline] on the surface of saponite
(Ukraine) surface. The fact of polymer immobilization has been confirmed by IR spec-
troscopy. As a result of thermogravimetric analysis and DSC-MS analysis it has been
found that the composition of synthesized composite includes 10.14 wt. % of polymer.
As a result of the comparison of the sorption properties of the modified and original
minerals with respect to the Pb (II), Cu (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) ions, their improve-
ment was recorded after modification by the polymer selected with respect to the ions
Pb (II), Fe (III) and Cu (II).
For the future, low-cost adsorbents, such as natural and modified clays, show great
promise. The applications of natural and modified clays in commercial wastewater treat-
ment are expected to be significant.
References
[1] V. K. Gupta, P. J. M. Carrott, and M. M. L. Ribeiro Carrott, Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol.
3
9, 783 (2009). doi:10.1080/10643380801977610
[2] M. K. Uddin, Chem. Eng. J. 308, 438 (2017). doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.029
[3] V. K. Gupta and I. Ali, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 271 (2), 321 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2003.
11.007
[4] H. H. Muhammad et al., J. Hazard. Mater. 369, 780 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.003

MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS
13
[5] S. Gu et al., Environ. Chem. Lett. 17 (2), 629 (2019).
[6] A. Awasthi, P. Jadhao, and K. Kumari, SN Appl. Sci. 1 (9), 1076 (2019). doi:10.1007/
s42452-019-0858-9
[7] V. K. Gupta et al., Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 193–194, 24 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.cis.2013.03.003
[8] R. Srinivasan, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2011, 1 (2011). doi:10.1155/2011/872531
[9] N. Prakash et al., Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 20 (2), 925 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11356-012-
0935-8
[
[
10] E. Yanovska et al., Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12 (1), 313 (2017). doi:10.1186/s11671-017-2066-0
11] I. Savchenko et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 671 (1), 164 (2018). doi:10.1080/15421406.2018.
1
542099
12] Y. Polonska et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 673 (1), 39 (2018). doi:10.1080/15421406.2019.
578492
[
1
[
[
[
13] F. D. Alsewailem and S. A. Aljlil, Mater. Technol. 47 (4), 525 (2013).
14] K. Ryabchenko et al., Polym. Compos. 22 (2), 249 (2016). doi:10.5755/j01.ms.22.2.6976
15] I. A. Savchenko, E. Yanovska, Y. Polonska, L. Ol’khovik, D. Sternik, and O. Kychkyruk
(
2020) The Sorption Properties of Ukrainian Saponite Clay In Situ Modified of Poly[4-
0
0
Methacroyloxy-(4 -Carboxy-2 -Nitro)-Azobenzene] to Toxic Metals Ions. In: O. Fesenko,
L. Yatsenko (eds) Nanooptics and Photonics, Nanochemistry and Nanobiotechnology, and
Their Applications. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 247. Springer, Cham. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-3-030-52268-1_5
[
16] Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interface, Ed. by G. D. Parfitt and C. H.
Rochester (Academic, London, 1983; Mir, Moscow, 1986).