J Surfact Deterg (2018)
DOI 10.1002/jsde.12048
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Synthesis and Properties of a Cationic Gemini Asphalt Emulsifier
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Jiajia Liu · Yicheng Xie · Hujun Xu
Received: 1 December 2017 / Revised: 8 March 2018 / Accepted: 16 March 2018
2018 AOCS
©
Abstract A cationic Gemini surfactant with a benzene ring
abbreviated as C -CGB) was synthesized in 2 steps with
aniline, epichlorohydrin, and N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine
2002a). Compared with conventional surfactants, Gemini
surfactants exhibit excellent properties such as lower criti-
cal micelle concentrations (CMC), lower Krafft points,
unique viscoelasticity, and so on. In recent years, Gemini
surfactants have attracted considerable interest as “a new
generation of surfactants” and have been widely used in
sterilization, tertiary-oil recovery, and other fields (Bhadani
(
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as starting materials. This product was characterized using
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mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance ( H
NMR). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and sur-
face tension (γcmc) of C -CGB were measured from 298 to
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313 K and thermodynamic parameters of micellization were
&
Singh, 2011; Jeong & Yethiraj, 2018; Rosen, 2004; Ser-
calculated. The results showed that the CMC and γ were
cmc
edyuk, Alami, & Nyden, 2002; Xu, Chen, & Cui, 2011). In
addition, Gemini surfactants also have potential values in
the field of asphalt emulsifiers owing to their special struc-
tures (Peter & Roland, 1991; Russell, 1987; Schilling, 1992).
With the rapid development of transportation, research
on emulsified asphalt has attracted more and more atten-
tion. The key to emulsifying asphalt is the use of emulsi-
fiers. The positive charge of cationic asphalt emulsifiers
combined with the negative charge carried by stones
endows asphalt with outstanding adhesion and stability and
has gradually replaced anionic emulsifiers (Shi, 2011; Shi,
Zhao, & Zhang, 2010). Cationic Gemini asphalt emulsifiers
exhibit outstanding emulsifying properties, good storage
stability, and so on. Domestically, there are still few varie-
ties, unstable quality, and other issues for slow-breaking
asphalt emulsifiers (Hu, 2012). Consequently, developing a
qualified slow-breaking asphalt emulsifier has a very vital
industrial significance.
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.269 × 10 mol L and 38.33 mN m at 298 K, respec-
tively. Moreover, upon increasing the temperature, the CMC
increases, γcmc decreases, the maximum surface adsorption
capacity (Γmax) decreases, and the minimum molecular area
(Amin) increases. The emulsified asphalt test showed that
C -CGB is a slow-breaking asphalt emulsifier exhibiting
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excellent emulsifying ability.
Keywords Gemini surfactant ꢀ Surface tension ꢀ
Synthesis ꢀ Asphalt emulsifier
J Surfact Deterg (2018).
Introduction
Gemini surfactants consist of two conventional surfactants
connected by a spacer group (Milton & David, 1998; Zana,
In this study, the intermediate N,N-bis (2-hydroxy-
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-chloropropyl) aniline (abbreviated as M) was synthesized
*
by the reaction of epichlorohydrin and aniline. The cationic
Gemini surfactant with a benzene ring (C -CGB) was syn-
thesized by reacting the intermediate with N,N-dimethylte-
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2
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School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi, 214122, China
tradecylamine. The structure of C -CGB was characterized
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The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material
Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
and the Krafft point, emulsifying properties, surface
tension, and correlative industrial properties of asphalt
J Surfact Deterg (2018)