at 0.1 A.g−1) compared with those of TACOF1-600 and
TACOF1-700 (53 F.g-1 and 79 F.g−1, respectively), which is in
accordance with the aforementioned CV results. The capacitance
retention on the different current densities of GCD are shown in
Figure 9b. A relatively high capacitance of 100 F.g-1 was
achieved at a high current density of 20 A.g-1 with ~ 80%
capacitance retention for TACOF1-800, which was a much
better capacitive performance than those of TACOF1-600 and
TACOF1-700. Based on the structural difference between
TACOF1-X, the hierarchical porous structure with micropores
and mesopores of the TACOF1-800 would contribute high active
surface area and effective ion transportation for the observed
electrochemical capacitance.
7
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4. Conclusion
We synthesized N-doped nanoporous carbons by direct
carbonization of TACOF1 with structural analysis as a function
of the carbonization temperature. The carbonized TACOF1 was
synthesized at 600, 700, and 800 C, and the TACOF1-800
formed a specific porous structure having a high surface area
(1194 m2.g-1), large amounts of micro- and meso-pore volumes
(0.36 cm3.g-1 and 0.40 cm3.g-1, respectively), and dominant
graphitic-N doped structures. According to the elevated
temperature from 600 to 800 C, the surface area and mesopore
volumes were found to be increased in the resulting carbon
structures. The thermal analysis with evolved gas investigation
revealed that chemical processes, such as N2 gas release and
graphitization in the carbonization process strongly affect the
porous carbon structure formation. The TACOF1-800 showed a
higher capacitance (124 F.g-1 at 0.1 A.g-1) with a good retention
rate (~ 80%), which can be attributed to fast ion transportation.
The performance derived from the high surface area and the
hierarchical micro/meso pore structures of TACOF1-800,
indicating the formation of open channels with a narrow pore
size distribution based on the well-defined 1D porous
architecture of the precursor TACOF1. The findings in this study
demonstrate that the molecularly designable COFs with porous
crystalline structures are promising materials for the synthesis of
higher ordered porous carbons with hetero-atom doped
structures. In addition, the analysis of the chemical process in
carbonization would allow us to understand and control pore
formation and graphitization in the final carbon structures. Thus,
high performance electrochemical applications, including
supercapacitors and electrocatalysts, would be developed based
on this molecularly designed and optimized synthetic approach.
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Acknowledgement
This study was partially supported by grants-in-aid, the
Toyota Riken Scholar and the Toyota Riken Scholar Joint
Research from the Toyota Physical and Chemical Research
Institute, the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number JP19H02557),
and the Nanotechnology Platform Project, from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
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