Self-assembly of three novel entangled polyoxometalate-based coordination polymers with redox properties

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121839

Three novel entangled coordination polymers (CPs), namely, [Cu₄(BPB)₅(HPW₁₂O₄₀)₂]·2H₂O (JOU-15), [Cu₃(BPB)₃PW₁₂O₄₀] (JOU-16), and [Cu₃(BPBP)₃PW₁₂O₄₀] (JOU-17), have been successfully synthesized by combining flexible N-donor ligands and Keggin type polyoxometalates with copper ion under hydrothermal conditions. Structural characterizations show that JOU-15 features an unusual 1D + 1D → 2D entangled network with the coexistence of polycatenation and interdigitation. JOU-16 exhibits a fascinating self-catenated three-dimensional framework with a new point symbol of (4⁴·6¹⁰·8)(6⁵·8)(6⁶). JOU-17 displays a novel 1D + 3D + 3D → 3D entangled framework with features of both polycatenation and polythreading. In addition, the electrochemical properties of these compounds have also been studied.

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121839

Journal of Solid State Chemistry xxx (xxxx) xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Solid State Chemistry
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jssc
Self-assembly of three novel entangled polyoxometalate-based coordination
polymers with redox properties
Jun-Jie Fu 1, Jian-Gang Wo 1, Yu-Hui Luo *, A-Di Xie, Ji Wu, Yuan-Yuan Zhang **, Yi-Bo Zhao,
Dong-En Zhang
Address: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222000, PR China
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords:
Three novel entangled coordination polymers (CPs), namely, [Cu4(BPB)5(HPW12O40)2]⋅2H2O (JOU-15),
[Cu3(BPB)3PW12O40] (JOU-16), and [Cu3(BPBP)3PW12O40] (JOU-17), have been successfully synthesized by
combining flexible N-donor ligands and Keggin type polyoxometalates with copper ion under hydrothermal
conditions. Structural characterizations show that JOU-15 features an unusual 1D þ 1D → 2D entangled network
with the coexistence of polycatenation and interdigitation. JOU-16 exhibits a fascinating self-catenated three-
dimensional framework with a new point symbol of (44⋅610⋅8)(65⋅8)(66). JOU-17 displays a novel 1D þ 3D þ 3D
→ 3D entangled framework with features of both polycatenation and polythreading. In addition, the electro-
chemical properties of these compounds have also been studied.
Entanglement
Hydrothermal reaction
Polycatenation
Interdigitation
Polythreading
Electrocatalyst
3-
1. Introduction
with specific properties. Take Keggin type [PW12O40
]
(PW12) as an
example, it can only stable within acidic pH range, but the low pH value
may not conducive to the coordination reaction [26]. On the other hand,
PW12 are composed of up to 53 atoms. The large molecular volume and
rigid steric hindrance would hinder the formation of CPs with complex
structure. In our previous work, we found that N-donor ligands with
flexible methylene groups can exhibit variable conformations and can act
as excellent ligands for the construction of entangled POM-based CPs
[27–29]. For one thing, flexible nitrogen heterocyclic ligands have strong
coordination ability. For another, the flexible structure of these ligands
can adapt to the rigid steric hindrance of POMs. In this work, we aim to
prepare POM-based CPs with novelty entangled forms. Compounds 1,
4-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-methyl)benzene (BPB) and 4,
40-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)biphenyl (BPBP) (Scheme
1) were selected as organic ligands for their following advantages. Firstly,
the ligands with flexible methylene groups may form a variety of
different conformations and are beneficial to generating entangled
structure. Secondly, the pyrazolo groups of the ligands contain two
adjacent nitrogen atoms can form different coordination modes. Thirdly,
the pyrazolo groups can form hydrogen bonds to further stabilize the
supramolecular architectures.
Coordination polymers (CPs), which represent a class of designable
materials based on metal ions and organic ligands, have been wildly
studied for their potential applications in luminescence, catalysis, and
sensing [1–8]. As a meaningful class of this field, entangled CPs are
attracting increasing interest for their aesthetic structures and enhanced
properties [9–12]. Up to now, many efforts have been payed to the
rational design and synthesis of entangled CPs, and some fascinating
entangled forms have been reported, such as polycatenation, poly-
threading and polyknotting [13–15]. However, the preparation of new
types of entangled structures is still a hard task in coordination chemistry
because the assembly system is very complex and may be affected by
many factors.
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are attracting more and more interests for
their significant applications in, for instance, catalysis, biotechnology
and optics [16–20]. POMs with abundant surface oxygen atoms not only
can act as templates, but also can act as O-donor ligands to coordinate
with metal ions. It has been noticed that the combination of POMs and
CPs can produce composites with enhanced properties [21,22]. Many
POM-based CPs have been reported so far [19,23–25]. However, it re-
mains challenges to design and synthesize POM-based entangled CPs
Herein, three POM-based CPs, namely, [Cu4(BPB)5(HPW12O40)2]⋅
* Corresponding author.
** Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: luoyh@jou.edu.cn (Y.-H. Luo), zhangyy@jou.edu.cn (Y.-Y. Zhang).
These two authors contributed equally.
1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121839
Received 1 October 2020; Received in revised form 26 October 2020; Accepted 27 October 2020
Available online xxxx
0022-4596/© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Please cite this article as: J.-J. Fu et al., Self-assembly of three novel entangled polyoxometalate-based coordination polymers with redox properties,
Journal of Solid State Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121839

J.-J. Fu et al.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry xxx (xxxx) xxx
interdigitation. The asymmetric unit of JOU-15 contains four crystallo-
graphic independent copper ions. All copper atoms in JOU-15 are
detected to be þ1 oxidation state with the bond valence sums (BVS)
calculation [30,31]. As shown in Fig. 1a, all of Cu ions are
three-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from BPB ligands and one ox-
ygen atom from PW12 anions in approximate “T” shaped coordination
geometry (Cu–N 1.85(2) - 1.93(3) Å, Cu–O 2.694(3) - 2.875(4) Å). Five
BPB ligands are connected by four Cu ions to form linear coordination
fragments, which are further connected by PW12 anions to generate 1D
ladder-shape chains (Fig. 1b). Thereafter, these ladder-shape chains
interpenetrate with each other to form a 1D þ 1D → 2D polycatenation
(Fig. 1c–d). Fascinatingly, monocoordinated BPB ligands with proton-
ated pyrazole groups distributed on both sides of the ladder-shape chains.
These monocoordinated BPB ligands act as arms to form a 1D þ 1D → 2D
interdigitation (Fig. 1e). Thus, JOU-15 exhibits a 1D → 2D polycatenated
and interdigitated network. It is worth noting that JOU-15 represents the
first example of POM-based CPs with both 1D þ 1D → 2D polycatenated
and 1D þ 1D → 2D interdigitated phenomenon. The 2D entangled layers
accumulate to form a supramolecular structure. In addition, the space of
the supramolecular structure is occupied by the lattice water molecules.
These lattice water molecules connect the 2D entangled layers through
hydrogen-bonding interactions between oxygen atoms of POMs
(O1W⋯O69 3.085(5), O2W⋯O40 3.062(4) and O3W⋯O77 2.866(3) Å)
and nitrogen atoms of BPB ligands (N1⋯O1W 2.587(5), N2⋯O2W
2.695(5), N10⋯O80 2.894(2) Å and N9⋯O3W 2.764(3) Å) (Fig. S1).
Scheme 1. Structures of BPB and BPBP.
2H2O (JOU-15, JOU stands for Jiangsu Ocean University),
[Cu3(BPB)3PW12O40] (JOU-16), and [Cu3(BPBP)3PW12O40] (JOU-17),
have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Structural ana-
lyses reveal that these compounds exhibit novelty entangled networks. In
addition, the electrochemical properties of these compounds have also
been investigated.
2. Results and discussions
2.1. Structure of JOU-15
2.2. Structure of JOU-16
Structural analyses reveal that JOU-15 displays a novel 2D þ 2D →
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that JOU-16 shows a
3D self-catenated framework. There are one and a half Cu(I) ions, three
2D entangled framework with features of both polycatenation and
Fig. 1. (a) Coordination environment of Cu ions in JOU-15. Symmetry codes: #1 x, -1 þ y, z. (b) View of the 1D ladder-shape chain with monocoordinated BPB
ligands distribute on both sides. (c) Topological illustration of 1D → 2D polycatenated and interdigitated network. (d) The interlocking between polycatenated ladder-
shape chains to give a rotaxane-like motif. (e) Structural representation of 1D þ 1D → 2D interdigitated phenomenon in JOU-15. The PW12 anions in all pictures are
depicted as polyhedral representative.
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half BPB ligands and half PW12 anion in the asymmetric unit of JOU-16.
The P atom in the centre of PW12 cluster lies on an inversion centre, with
four disordered oxygen atoms (O1, O2, O3, O4) directly bond to it. All
copper atoms in JOU-16 are in þ1 oxidation state, which was calculated
by the BVS calculation [30,31]. As shown in Fig. 2a, Cu1 is
four-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from BPB and two oxygen atoms
from PW12 in a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry (Cu1–N1
1.827(19) Å, Cu1–N3 1.851(15) Å, Cu1–O20 2.703(4) Å), whereas Cu2 is
four-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from BPB and two oxygen atoms
from PW12 in a plane quadrilateral coordination geometry (Cu2–N5
1.83(2) Å, Cu2–O6 2.868(2) Å). PW12 anions are connected by Cuþ to
form 2D layers (Fig. 2b), which are further linked into a 3D framework by
BPB ligands (Fig. 2c). Interestingly, the framework of JOU-16 displays a
self-penetrating phenomenon. As far as we know, self-catenated POM--
based CPs are still rare reported [28,29,32]. From the topological view,
PW12 anions coordinated by six Cu ions can be reduced to 4-connected
nodes. Binuclear Cu1 ions connect two PW12 clusters and four other
binuclear Cu1 ions can be considered as 6-connected nodes. Cu2 ions
connect two PW12 clusters and two other Cu2 ions can also be simplified
as 4-connected nodes. Thus, JOU-16 shows a new type of (4,4,5)-con-
nected network with (44⋅610⋅8)(65⋅8)(66) topology (Fig. 2d).
three-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from BPBP and one oxygen
atom from PW12 in approximate “T” shaped coordination geometries,
whereas Cu3 is two-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from BPBP in a
linear coordination geometry. Cu1 ions are connected by BPBP ligands to
form 1D zigzag chains, whereas Cu2 ions are connected by BPBP ligands
to form left- and right-handed single-helical chains (Fig. 3b, c and 3d).
These chains are cross-linked by PW12 through weak Cu–O bonds to
generate a 3D network (Fig. 3e). Topologically, binuclear Cu1 ions
connect two binuclear Cu2 ions and four other binuclear Cu1 ions can be
reduced to 6-connected nodes. Binuclear Cu2 ions connected two binu-
clear Cu1 ions and four other binuclear Cu2 ions can also be considered
as 6-connected nodes. PW12 anions and BPBP ligands can be considered
as linear linkers. Thus, the framework of JOU-17 can be simplified as a
(6,6)-connected network with the pcu topology (Fig. 3f). Interestingly,
the large pores of the framework allow pair of networks interpenetrate
with each other to generate a 3D þ 3D → 3D polycatenation (Fig. 3g).
More fascinatingly, Cu3 ions are connected by BPBP ligands to form left-
and right-handed single-helical chains (Fig. 3h–i), which penetrate
throughout the remaining channels of JOU-17 to generate a 1D þ 3D →
3D polythreading network. Thus, compound JOU-17 exhibits a 1D þ 3D
þ 3D → 3D polycatenation and polythreading network. As far as we
know, JOU-17 is the first POM-based CPs with both 3D þ 3D → 3D
interpenetrated and 1D þ 3D → 3D polythreading motifs.
2.3. Structure of JOU-17
When BPB was replaced with a longer ligand BPBP, compound JOU-
17 was obtained with an entirely different framework. Structural ana-
lyses reveal that JOU-17 represents a novel 1D þ 3D þ 3D → 3D
entangled framework with features of both polycatenation and poly-
threading. The asymmetric unit of JOU-17 contains three Cu(I) ions,
three BPBP ligands and one PW12 anion. Copper atoms in JOU-17 are
also in þ1 oxidation state. As shown in Fig. 3a, Cu1 and Cu2 ions are
2.4. Synthesis and structural comparison
In this work, we used copper ions as metal centres, Keggin-type PW12
as inorganic functional ligands, and flexible N-donor Ligands with
different lengths as organic linkers to prepare three entangled CPs.
Although all title compounds are hydrothermal synthesized with Cu(II)
salt as reactant, the copper is in þ1 oxidation state in the products. This
Fig. 2. (a) Coordination environment of Cu ions in JOU-16. Symmetry codes: #1 - x, 1 -y, - z; #2 - x, -y, 2 - z; #3 1 - x, -y, 1 - z; #4 1 - x, -y, - z; #5 -x, 1 - y, 1 - z. (b)
View of the 2D layered structure constructed by Cu ions and PW12 anion. (c) View of the 3D framework of JOU-16. The self-penetrating motifs are highlighted in pink.
(d) Topological view of JOU-16. Red ball represents binuclear Cu1 ions, green ball represents Cu2 ions, and blue ball stands for PW12. The PW12 anions in all pictures
are depicted as polyhedral representative. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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J.-J. Fu et al.
Journal of Solid State Chemistry xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 3. (a) Coordination environment of
Cu ions in JOU-17. Symmetry codes: #1
1 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z. (b) View of the 1D
zigzag chain of Cu1-BPBP. (c) and (d)
View of the left- and right-handed Cu2-
BPBP chains. (e) View of the 3D frame-
work of JOU-17. (f) Topological view of
JOU-17. (g) Structural representation of
1D þ 3D þ 3D → 3D entangled network
of JOU-17. The penetrated Cu3-BPBP
chains are highlighted in red and
black, respectively. (h) and (i) View of
the left- and right-handed Cu3-BPBP
chains. The PW12 anions in all pictures
are depicted as polyhedral representa-
tive. (For interpretation of the refer-
ences to colour in this figure legend, the
reader is referred to the Web version of
this article.)
may be attributed to the in situ reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) under hy-
drothermal condition with the presence of nitrogen heterocyclic ligands.
This phenomenon has also been noticed in some other reaction condi-
tions [24,25,33,34].
2.5. PXRD measurements and thermal analyses
Powder X-ray diffractions (PXRD) were used to confirm the crystal-
line phase purity of the title compounds (Fig. S3), while thermogravi-
metric analysis (TGA) were carried out to investigate their thermal
stability (Fig. S4). The measured and simulated PXRD patterns matched
well confirm their phase purity.
Initially, a 1D þ 1D → 2D entangled framework of JOU-15 was suc-
cessfully prepared with the coexistence of polymerization and interdig-
itation by using BPB as a ligand. All copper ions in JOU-15 exhibit three
coordinated T-shaped configurations, whereas BPB ligands show both
monodentate and bidentate coordination modes to connected copper
ions into an interpenetrating structure. When the pH value of the reaction
solution was reduced, a self-interpenetrating 3D framework JOU-16 was
obtained. Two crystallographically independent copper ions in JOU-16
were tetrahedral coordinated to form a distorted tetrahedral and a plane
quadrilateral coordination geometry, respectively, while BPB ligands
were all bidentate coordinated. These results indicate that pH value is
important to the formation of CPs’ structure. In compounds JOU-15 and
JOU-16, BPB presents six and three kinds of coordination configurations,
respectively (Fig. S2). This result reveals that the flexible ligand with
–CH2- groups can show various configurations to adapt to the rigid steric
hindrance of POMs, and then to form complex entanglement. When BPB
was replaced with a longer ligand BPBP, a novel 1D þ 3D þ 3D → 3D
entangled framework with the features of both polycatenation and pol-
ythreading was prepared. These results not only prove that the structure
of CPs can be affected by changing the length of ligands, but also further
confirm that ligands contain –CH2- groups could show high flexibility.
For JOU-15, the first weight loss from 180 to 200 ꢀC may be due to
the release of water molecules (obsd 0.67%, calcd 0.48%). A further
weight loss started at about 370 ꢀC is due to the decomposition of the
framework. For compounds JOU-16 and JOU-17, only one weight loss
was obtained both started at about 400 ꢀC. This may be due to the
decomposition of the framework.
2.6. Electrochemical experiments
Electrochemical performances of the title compounds were studied by
using compound modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the working
electrode. 2 mg powder of compound, 2 mg carbon black (CB) and 20
of Nafion (5% solution in ethanol) were mixed in 2 mL ethanol and ul-
trasonic treated for several hours to obtain a slurry. 10 L of the slurry
was added on the surface of GCE and dried under room temperature. The
cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of all compounds were recorded in 0.5 M
H2SO4 aqueous solution in a potential range of -720 to -100 mV. As
shown in Fig. 4a, d and 4g, the CV curves of JOU-15-GCE, JOU-16-GCE
μL
μ
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Journal of Solid State Chemistry xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 4. (a), (d) and (g) shows the CV curves of JOU-15-GCE, JOU-16-GCE and JOU-17-GCE at different scan rates, respectively. (b) and (h) The cathodic peak (III)
and anodic peak (III0) currents of JOU-15-GCE and JOU-17-GCE are all proportional to the scan rates. (e) The cathodic peak (III) and anodic peak (III0) currents of
JOU-16-GCE were proportional to the square root of scan rates. (C), (f) and (i) represents the CV curves of JOU-15-GCE, JOU-16-GCE and JOU-17-GCE in 0.5 M
H2SO4 solution containing 0.0–8.0 mmol Lꢁ1 NaNO2, respectively. Scan rate: 100 mV sꢁ1
.
and JOU-17-GCE show three pairs of reversible redox peaks. The mean
peak potentials (E1/2 ¼ (Epa þ Epc)/2) were detected to be -0.254, -0.448,
and -0.637 V for JOU-15, -0.255, -0.479 and -0.635 for JOU-16, -0.243,
-0.453 and -0.643 for JOU-17, respectively (Scan rate: 100 mV sꢁ1).
When the scan rate was increased, the cathodic peak potentials of CV
curves shift to the negative direction, while the corresponding anodic
peak potentials shift to the positive direction. For JOU-15-GCE and JOU-
17-GCE, the currents of peaks III and III’ are proportional to scan rates,
indicating that the redox processes of JOU-15-GCE and JOU-17-GCE are
surface controlled (Fig. 4b and h). On the other hand, the peak currents of
JOU-16-GCE are proportional to the square root of scan rates, indicating
that the redox procedures of JOU-16-GCE are diffusion controlled
(Fig. 4e) [35].
features of both polycatenation and interdigitation. Compound JOU-16
represents a self-catenated 3D framework with new (44⋅610⋅8)(65⋅8)(66)
topology. Compound JOU-17 displays a novel 1D þ 3D þ 3D → 3D
entangled framework with features of both polycatenation and poly-
threading. In addition, the results of electrochemical experiments suggest
that these compounds may be new candidates as electrocatalysts for ni-
trite reduction. The successful synthesis of these compounds provides
valuable clues for systematically assembly of functional entangled POM-
based CPs.
4. Experiments
4.1. Synthesis of BPB and BPBP
In addition, JOU-15, JOU-16 and JOU-17 display electrocatalytic
activities toward the nitrite reduction (Fig. 4c, f and 4i). As the concen-
tration of nitrite increase, all reduction peak currents of JOU-15-GCE,
JOU-16-GCE and JOU-17-GCE substantially grow, indicating that all the
reduced species in GCEs can effectively electro catalyze the reduction of
nitrite. In contrast, direct electrochemical reduction of nitrite usually
requires a large overpotential [29], and almost no response could be
obtained at a CB modified GCE. To verify the stability and recycling of
these modified GCEs, multiple CV curves were tested (Fig. S5). The CV
curves before and after fifty cycles were almost coincident, indicating
that these modified GCEs were stable and recyclable.
BPB and BPBP were prepared according to the reported method with
revisions [36]. In a 1000 mL three-necked round flask, a certain amount
of trimethylchlorosilane (31.5 g for BPB and 40.2 g for BPBP) were dis-
solved in 400 mL acetonitrile under N2 atmosphere. Then sodium iodide
(43.44 g for BPB and 55.5 g for BPBP) and 5.8 g of acetylacetone were
added to the solution successively. At this time, orange suspension
appeared, and the temperature of the solution was reduced to 0 ꢀC. After
that, corresponding aldehydes (3.9 g of p-benzaldehyde for BPB and 8 g
of 4,40-biphenyldicarboxyldehyde for BPBP) was added followed by
warming the solution to room temperature. The reaction mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 6 h and at 60 ꢀC for 10 h, respectively.
After the reaction was cooled to room temperature, a dark brown mixture
was obtained. Pour the dark brown mixture into a separating funnel
containing 800 mL of distilled water. The crude product was extracted
three times with 150 mL ether, and the dark brown organic phase was
repeatedly washed (about seven times) with 100 mL (10 wt%) sodium
3. Conclusions
Three POM-based CPs with novel entanglements have been success-
fully synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound JOU-15
shows an unusual 1D þ 1D → 2D entangled network with fascinating
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Journal of Solid State Chemistry xxx (xxxx) xxx
thiosulfate aqueous solution until the colour of the solution changed from
dark brown to light yellow. The obtained solution was evaporated and
concentrated at 40 ꢀC under vacuum. Thereafter, the obtained concen-
trate was poured into 500 mL boiling distilled water and stirred until the
ether was completely removed. The white powder of intermediate
product was obtained by filtration.
Jiangsu Province (BK20171263); the Six Talents Peak Project of Jiangsu
Province (XCL-009); the Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials (AM201902); and
the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of
Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
The white powder of intermediate product (~2.0 g for BPB and ~8.0
g for BPBP) and hydrazine hydrate solution (4 mL, 80%) were dissolved
in 100–200 mL ethanol, and stirred for 24 h at room temperature. The
white powder of BPB or BPBP was obtained by filtering, washing
repeatedly with ethanol, and drying in vacuum. Yield: 1.7 g for BPB and
7.2 g for BPBP. These white powdered products were used directly
without further purification.
Appendix B. Supplementary data
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://do
i.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121839.
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4.3. Synthesis of JOU-16
JOU-16 was synthesized with a similar method to JOU-15 except that
HCl (1 mol/L, 30 μL) was used instead of NaOH. Red plate crystals were
collected by hand picking. The pH value of reaction solution was about
3.5. Yield: ca. 10% (based on BPB). JOU-15 can also be isolated under
this condition. IR (KBr, cmꢁ1):
ν
¼ 3435 (s), 3368 (m), 2994 (m), 2949
(m), 2915 (m), 2825 (m), 2716 (m), 1598 (s), 1493 (s), 1439 (s), 1363
(s), 1277 (m), 1172 (m), 1119 (m), 1077 (s), 986 (w), 895 (m), 821 (s),
776 (s), 615 (s), 513 (m).
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4.4. Synthesis of JOU-17
JOU-17 was synthesized with a similar method to JOU-16 except that
BPB was replaced by BPBP (0.03 mmol, 12.5 mg). The pH value of re-
action solution was about 3.5. Red block crystals were obtained with a
yield of 30% (based on BPBP). IR (KBr, cmꢁ1):
ν
¼ 3400 (s), 2990 (m),
2920 (m), 2830 (m), 1600 (s), 1500 (s), 1430 (s), 1360 (s), 1170 (m),
1080 (m), 981 (m), 898 (w), 810 (w), 662 (m), 619 (s), 520 (m).
CRediT authorship contribution statement
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8607–8610.
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15832–15840.
Jun-Jie Fu: Crystal growth. Jian-Gang Wo: Crystal growth. Yu-Hui
Luo: Writing - original draft. A-Di Xie: Software and characterization. Ji
Wu: Software and characterization. Yuan-Yuan Zhang: Resources. Yi-
Bo Zhao: Supervision. Dong-En Zhang: Resources.
Declaration of competing interest
[34] Y.H. Luo, Z.L. Lang, X.X. Lu, W.W. Ma, Y. Xu, H. Zhang, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 72
(2016) 13–16.
[35] X.L. Wang, X.T. Sha, G.C. Liu, N.L. Chen, Y. Tian, CrystEngComm 17 (2015)
7290–7299.
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial
interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence
the work reported in this paper.
ꢀ ꢀ
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14 (2014) 3142–3152.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Fund of
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