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| CAS No.: | 57-55-6 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Propylene glycol |
| Article Data: | 785 |
| Cas Database | |
| Molecular Structure: | |
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|
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| Formula: | C3H8O2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 76.0953 |
| Synonyms: | 1,2-propane-diol;DL-1,2-Propanediol;(RS)-1,2-Propanediol;(+-)-1,2-Propanediol;Trimethyl glycol;Propylene Glycol（PG）;alpha-Propylene glycol;2,3-Propanediol;Propylene glycol (TN);Propylene Glycol USP;Sirlene;1,2-dihydroxypropane;alpha-Propyleneglycol;Propylene glycol (JP14/USP);Isopropylene glycol;2-Hydroxypropanol;Sentry Propylene Glycol;Propane-1,2-diol;(+-)-Propylene glycol;Monopropylene glycol;Methylethyl glycol;Dowfrost;Methylethylene glycol;Propylene Glycol; |
| EINECS: | 200-338-0 |
| Density: | 1.036 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | -60 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 184.848 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 107.222 °C |
| Solubility: | miscible with water |
| Appearance: | clear viscous liquid |
| Safety: | 24/25 |
| PSA: | 40.46000 |
| LogP: | -0.64050 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In isopropyl alcohol at 180℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 8h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | 100% |
| With sulfuric acid; hydrogen; Ni/Re pH=6.9 - 12.1; Industry scale; | 99% |
| With hydrogen In 1,4-dioxane at 179.84℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 6h; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 99% |
- 75-56-9, 16033-71-9
methyloxirane
- 57-55-6
propylene glycol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With CoIII(t-Bu-salen)-OTs; water at 40℃; for 0.5h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 99% |
| With sulfuric acid; water at 27℃; for 6h; | 98.3% |
| With water at 40℃; for 3h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Schlenk technique; | 93% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With [carbonylchlorohydrido{bis[2-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethyl]amino}ethylamino] ruthenium(II); potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 140℃; under 38002.6 Torr; for 10h; Catalytic behavior; Temperature; Time; Solvent; Pressure; Autoclave; | 99% |
| With potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen; C16H18BrCoINO2 In dibutyl ether at 160℃; under 45004.5 Torr; for 20h; Reagent/catalyst; Sealed tube; Autoclave; | 92% |
| With water; aluminum hydroxide; magnesium hydroxide at 140℃; Conversion of starting material; |
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
- 371-40-4
4-fluoroaniline
- 75-56-9, 16033-71-9
methyloxirane
A
- 57-55-6
propylene glycol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With C24H25N4O3(1+)*I(1-); 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 90℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; | A n/a B 99% |
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
- 106-47-8
4-chloro-aniline
- 75-56-9, 16033-71-9
methyloxirane
A
- 57-55-6
propylene glycol
B
- 14423-08-6, 111609-86-0, 111609-87-1
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyloxazolidin-2-one
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With C24H25N4O3(1+)*I(1-); 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 90℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; | A n/a B 99% |
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
- 106-40-1
4-bromo-aniline
- 75-56-9, 16033-71-9
methyloxirane
A
- 57-55-6
propylene glycol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With C24H25N4O3(1+)*I(1-); 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 90℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; | A n/a B 99% |
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
- 540-37-4
p-aminoiodobenzene
- 75-56-9, 16033-71-9
methyloxirane
A
- 57-55-6
propylene glycol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With C24H25N4O3(1+)*I(1-); 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 90℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; | A n/a B 99% |
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
- 626-43-7
3,5-Dichloroaniline
- 75-56-9, 16033-71-9
methyloxirane
A
- 57-55-6
propylene glycol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With C24H25N4O3(1+)*I(1-); 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 90℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; | A n/a B 99% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen In 1,4-dioxane at 179.84℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 5h; Autoclave; | 98% |
| With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; water; zinc at 250℃; for 0.5h; Reagent/catalyst; | 98% |
| With 5% active carbon-supported ruthenium; water; zinc at 180℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 20h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 82% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With trans-RuCl2(PPh3)[PyCH2NH(CH2)2PPh2]; potassium methanolate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 40℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 16h; | 98% |
| With C24H38Cl2N3PRu; hydrogen; sodium methylate In isopropyl alcohol at 100℃; under 38002.6 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave; | 97% |
| With potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen; [tris(μ-chloro)bis((triphos)ruthenium(II))] chloride In methanol at 100℃; under 30003 Torr; for 15h; Product distribution / selectivity; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | >= 99.9 %Chromat. |
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Specification
1,2-Propanediol (CAS NO.57-55-6 ), also known as Propylene glycol, is a colorless, odorless, viscous, highly hygroscopic liquid with a faintly sweet taste. It is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, acetone and other organic solvents. The solubility to hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons is small, but it is strong than ethylene glycol. Propylene Glycol contains an asymmetrical carbon atom, so it exists in two optically active forms (dextrorotatory and sinistrorotatory isomers). And the commercial Propylene Glycol is a racemic mixture.
Physical properties about Propylene Glycol are: (1)ACD/LogP: -1.341; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.34; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.34; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 4.44; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 4.44; (8)#H bond acceptors: 2; (9)#H bond donors: 2; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 3; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.43; (12)Molar Refractivity: 18.976 cm3; (13)Molar Volume: 73.444 cm3; (14)Polarizability: 7.523 10-24cm3; (15)Surface Tension: 38.0040016174316 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 1.036 g/cm3; (17)Flash Point: 107.222 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 49.011 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 184.848 °C at 760 mmHg; (20)Vapour Pressure: 0.203999996185303 mmHg at 25°C
Preparation of Propylene Glycol: Propylene Glycol can be obtaine by epoxypropane. It includes direct hydration and indirect hydration. The direct hydration is the reaction of epoxypropane and water at 150-160 °C and 0.78-0 .98 MPa. After evaporation and distillation, Propylene Glycol is obtained. The indirect hydration is the reaction of epoxypropane and water in the presence of catalyst sulfuric acid. In addition, Propylene Glycol also can be produced by direct catalytic oxidation from propylene. The catalyst is anhydrous tertiary butanol.
Uses of Propylene Glycol: Propylene Glycol is an important raw material in unsaturated polyester, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, plasticizers and surfactants. The amount occupies about 45% of total consumption. This unsaturated polyester is largely used for surface coatings and reinforced plastics. Because of good viscosity and moisture absorption, and non-toxic, Propylene Glycol is widely used as a hygroscopic agent, antifreeze, lubricants and solvents in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. In the food industry, Propylene Glycol and fatty acid reacts to produce propylene glycol ester of fatty acid, which is mainly used as food emulsifier. It is also used as solvent for spices, seasonings and food coloring. What's more, 1,2-propanediol is used as a humidifying agent of tobacco, mildew preventive, fruit ripening preservatives, film-forming coatings additives, antifreeze and heat transfer media, etc. It is often used as a substitute for ethanol and glycerol. In pharmaceutical industry, Propylene Glycol is commonly used as solvent in the manufacture of various types of ointment, softener, excipients, preservatives, vitamins, penicillin, etc. As Propylene Glycol has good solubility with various spices, it is also used as solvent of cosmetic and softeners, etc.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: The Propylene Glycol is low toxicity. So the acute oral toxicity is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health damage in humans. In the human body, Propylene Glycol is metabolized into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), and propionaldehyde. So you should avoid contact with skin and eyes.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. Smiles:C([C@@H](C)O)O;
2. InChI:InChI=1/C3H8O2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3-5H,2H2,1H3;
The toxicity data is as follows:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chicken | LDLo | intravenous | 27gm/kg (27000mg/kg) | VASCULAR: OTHER CHANGES | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 60, Pg. 312, 1937. |
| child | TDLo | oral | 79gm/kg/56W-I (79000mg/kg) | BRAIN AND COVERINGS: CHANGES IN SURFACE EEG BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 93, Pg. 515, 1978. |
| dog | LD50 | intravenous | 26gm/kg (26000mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB280-477, | |
| dog | LD50 | oral | 22gm/kg (22000mg/kg) | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 21, Pg. 173, 1939. | |
| guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 18350mg/kg (18350mg/kg) | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941. | |
| guinea pig | LDLo | subcutaneous | 15500mg/kg (15500mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB280-477, | |
| infant | TDLo | parenteral | 10gm/kg/3D-C (10000mg/kg) | Pediatrics. Vol. 72, Pg. 353, 1983. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 9718mg/kg (9718mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: CHANGES IN BOTH TUBULES AND GLOMERULI BLOOD: CHANGES IN SPLEEN | Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 6, Pg. 342, 1947. |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 6630mg/kg (6630mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 26, Pg. 1581, 1976. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 22gm/kg (22000mg/kg) | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 65, Pg. 89, 1939. | |
| mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 17370mg/kg (17370mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS | Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina. Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. Vol. 8, Pg. 46, 1981. |
| quail | LD50 | oral | > 2080mg/kg (2080mg/kg) | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 6, Pg. 149, 1982. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 6500mg/kg (6500mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB280-477, | |
| rabbit | LD50 | oral | 18500mg/kg (18500mg/kg) | FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 53A, Pg. 491, 1974. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | skin | 20800mg/kg (20800mg/kg) | Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 101, 1974. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | intramuscular | 6300mg/kg (6300mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: COMA | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 44, Pg. 109, 1932. |
| rat | LD50 | intramuscular | 14gm/kg (14000mg/kg) | Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974Vol. 17JUN1974, | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 6660mg/kg (6660mg/kg) | Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina. Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. Vol. 9, Pg. 36, 1981. | |
| rat | LD50 | intravenous | 6423mg/kg (6423mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 26, Pg. 1581, 1976. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 20gm/kg (20000mg/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 45, Pg. 362, 1978. | |
| rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 22500mg/kg (22500mg/kg) | Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974Vol. 17JUN1974, |
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