T. Nakamura et al. / European Journal of Pharmacology 653 (2011) 75–81
81
Aso, H., Suzuki, F., Ebina, T., Ishida, N., 1989. Antiviral activity of caboxyethylgermanium
Sanai, T., Okuda, S., Onoyama, K., Oochi, N., Takaichi, S., Mizuhira, U., Fujishima, M.,
1991. Chronic tubulointerstitial changes induced by germanium dioxide in
comparison with carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide. Kidney Int. 40, 882–890.
Sasaki, K., Ishikawa, M., Monma, K., Takayanagi, G., 1984. Effect of carboxyethyl
germanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) on the acute inflammation and CCl4-induced
hepatic damage in mice. Ouyou Yakuri (in Jpn.) 27, 1119–1131.
sesquioxide (Ge-132) in mice infected with influenza virus. J. Biol. Response Mod.
8
, 180–189.
Beukeveld, G., Meerman, L., Huizenga, J., Venekamp-Hoolsema, E., Gips, C., Wolthers, G.,
994. Determination of porphyrins in bile using high performance liquid chromatog-
1
raphy and some clinical applications. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 32, 153–159.
Boron, W., Boulpaep, E., 2009. Medical Physiology. A Cellular and Molecular Approach,
Sass, G., Soares, M., Yamashita, K., Seyfried, S., Zimmermann, W., Eschenhagen, T.,
Kaczmarek, E., Ritter, T., Volk, H.D., Tiegs, G., 2003. Heme oxygenase-1 and its
reaction product, carbon monoxide, prevent inflammation-related apoptotic liver
damage in mice. Hepatorogy 38, 909–918.
Sato, N., Matsumura, T., Inoue, A., Takei, K., Eguchi, H., Kamada, T., 1986. Effect of
protoporphyrin for the normal and CCl4 disorder liver. Igaku Yakugaku (in Jpn.) 15,
1911–1915.
2nd edition. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia. pp. 990.
Brutkiewicz, R., Suzuki, F., 1987. Biological activities and antitumor mechanism of an
immunopotentiating organogermanium compound, Ge-132. In Vivo 1, 189–204.
Ebina, T., Kubota, T., Ogama, N., Nagasawa, T., Nakamura, T., 2004. Antitumor effect of a
hot water extract of Agaricus blazei, “Himematsutake,” combined with an
organogermanium compound, Ge-132. Biother. (in Jpn.) 18, 161–165.
Fujii, A., Kuboyama, N., Yamane, J., Nakao, S., Furukawa, Y., 1993. Effect of organic germa-
nium compound (Ge-132) on experimental osteoporosis in rats. Gen. Pharmacol. 24,
Surinya, K., Cox, T., May, B., 1997. Transcriptional regulation of the human erythroid 5-
aminolevulinate synthase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26585–26594.
1
527–1532.
Takahashi, H., Nagata, S., Kato, S., Yonei, Y., Watanabe, K., Ichikawa, E., Funatsu, K., Oda,
M., Ishii, H., Tsuchiya, M., 1984. Effects of protoporphyrin on recovery process of
acute damage by tetrachloromethan. Kiso Rinsho (in Jpn.) 18, 161–168.
Takeuchi, N., Kukita, H., Hino, N., Katayama, Y., 1980. Effect of protoporphyrin
treatment on alcohol induced fatty liver of rat. Ouyou Yakuri (in Jpn.) 20, 335–347.
Tephly, T.R., Hasegawa, E., Baron, J., 1971. Effect of drugs on heme synthesis in the liver.
Metabolism 20, 200–214.
Tsutsui, M., Kakimoto, N., Axtell, D.D., Oikawa, H., Asai, K., 1976. Crystal structure of
“carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 8287–8289.
Ueno, Y., Haga, M., Kondo, T., Iwata, S., Otori, K., Takaoka, A., Matsubara, T., Nakatsuka,
T., Hashimoto, M., Nagano, K., Fukase, M., Ohta, M., Fukunaga, S., Miura, K.,
Mizuguchi, C., Sekihara, T., Takaghi, M., Takahashi, M., Ohtani, R., Nao, Y., Fujiwara,
I., Taoka, K., Taniguchi, Y., Ohtsuru, N., Fukumoto, K., Kondoh, T., Takasaki, H.,
Yamada, T., 1978. Effect of protoporphyrin sodium salt on hepatic diseases. Shindan
Shinyaku (in Jpn.) 15, 117–126.
Vitek, L., Majer, F., Muchova, L., Zelenka, J., Jiraskova, A., Branny, P., 2006. Identification
of bilirubin reduction products formed by Clostridium perfringens isolated from
human neonatal fecal flora. J. Chromatogr. B 833, 149–157.
Yamamoto, T., Matsuzawa, A., Iijima, N., Kato, I., 1966. The protoporphyrin 3. Effects of
protoporphyrin on hypopnoea. Med. Biol. (in Jpn.) 72, 200–204.
Yokoyama, K., Iwai, M., Murashima, R., Yamauchi, K., Ikeda, M., 1973. Absorption,
excretion and metabolism of protoporphyrin disodium salt. Kiso Rinsho (in Jpn.) 7,
390–402.
Furusawa, S., Fujimura, T., Hashimoto, I., Kitagawa, Y., Sasaki, K., Takayanagi, G., 1987.
Effect of 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) on granuloma formation
in rats. Tohoku Yakka Daigaku Kenkyu Nempo (in Jpn.) 34, 263–268.
Ishikawa, S., Yoshida, T., Kikuchi, G., 1983. Induction of heme oxygenase in rat liver.
J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4220–4225.
Kawakami, H., Takeno, H., Nakanishi, T., Matsuo, N., Morio, K., Aimitsu, S., Kunimasa, T.,
Miyoshi, S., 1978. Experience of protoporphyrin disodium (Prolmon) treatment
for chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. Rinsho Kenkyu (in Jpn.) 55,
1577–1583.
Lecha, M., Puy, H., Deybach, J.C., 2009. Erythropoietic protoporphyria. Orphanet J. Rare
Dis. 4, 19.
Miyao, K., Tanaka, N., 1988. Carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide and related
organogermanium compounds. Drugs Future 13, 441–453.
Nagai, H., Kitagaki, K., Kuwabata, K., Koda, A., 1992. Anti-inflammatory properties of
zinc protoporphyrin disodium (An-PP, 2Na). Agents Acrion 37, 273–283.
Nakamura, T., Sato, K., Akiba, M., Ohnishi, M., 2006. Urobilinogen, as a bile pigment
metabolite, has an antioxidant function. J. Oleo Sci. 55, 191–197.
Nakamura, T., Nagura, T., Akiba, M., Sato, K., Tokuji, Y., Ohnishi, M., Osada, K., 2010.
Promotive effects of the dietary organic germanium poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)
germasesquioxane] (Ge-132) on the secretion and antioxidative activity of bile in
rodents. J. Health Sci. 56, 72–80.
Rimington, C., 1960. Spectral-absorption coefficients of some porphyrins in the Soret-
band region. Biochem. J. 75, 620–623.