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528-48-3

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528-48-3 Usage

Chemical Properties

OCHRE POWDER

Uses

Fisetin is used in biological studies as spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors for autoimmune inflammation disease. This compound has neuroprotective properties.

General Description

This substance is a primary reference substance with assigned absolute purity (considering chromatographic purity, water, residual solvents, inorganic impurities). The exact value can be found on the certificate. Produced by PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG

Anticancer Research

Fisetin is a plant polyphenol from the flavonoid group. It occurs in fruits and vegetablesincluding persimmons, strawberries, onions, cucumbers, and apples. It is anantioxidant, exerts anticarcinogenic effects in HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma)cells, and modulates protein kinase and lipid kinase pathways (Wang et al. 2012).Fisetin alter signaling pathway like MAPK, NF-κB, activators of transcription(JAK/STAT), Janus kinase/signal transducers, phosphoinositide-3-kinase-proteinkinase (PI3K/Akt), Wnt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), therebyleading to cell cycle arrest in HL-60 cells (human acute promyelocytic leukemiacells) (Singh et al. 2016b). Thus, it exhibits inhibitory effects on adhesion, migration,invasion, and multidrug resistance (Suh et al. 2009).

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 528-48-3 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,2 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 528-48:
(5*5)+(4*2)+(3*8)+(2*4)+(1*8)=73
73 % 10 = 3
So 528-48-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C15H10O6/c16-8-2-3-9-12(6-8)21-15(14(20)13(9)19)7-1-4-10(17)11(18)5-7/h1-6,16-18,20H

528-48-3 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
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  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (T0121)  Fisetin  >96.0%(HPLC)

  • 528-48-3

  • 100mg

  • 290.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (T0121)  Fisetin  >96.0%(HPLC)

  • 528-48-3

  • 1g

  • 1,350.00CNY

  • Detail
  • TCI America

  • (T0121)  Fisetin  >96.0%(HPLC)

  • 528-48-3

  • 5g

  • 4,900.00CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (L14207)  3,3',4',7-Tetrahydroxyflavone, 96%   

  • 528-48-3

  • 250mg

  • 656.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (L14207)  3,3',4',7-Tetrahydroxyflavone, 96%   

  • 528-48-3

  • 1g

  • 1883.0CNY

  • Detail

528-48-3SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name fisetin

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:528-48-3 SDS

528-48-3Synthetic route

2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one
58544-90-4

2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron tribromide In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere;100%
With trimethylsilyl iodide In methanol at 35℃; for 96h; Inert atmosphere;
3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-chalcone
487-52-5, 21849-70-7

3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-chalcone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate buffer solution; potassium hydrogen sulfate complex In dichloromethane; acetone at 20℃; for 21h;96.7%
3,3′,4′,7-tetraacetoxyflavone
114840-33-4

3,3′,4′,7-tetraacetoxyflavone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium dithionite; water; sodium hydroxide In methanol at 20℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere;65%
Fisetin 3',4'-dimethyl ether
93322-61-3

Fisetin 3',4'-dimethyl ether

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen iodide; acetic anhydride
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; air for 20h; Heating;
3.3'.4'-trimethoxy-7-acetoxy-flavone

3.3'.4'-trimethoxy-7-acetoxy-flavone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen iodide
fisetin-3'.4'-dimethyl ether-7-ethyl ether

fisetin-3'.4'-dimethyl ether-7-ethyl ether

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen iodide
fisetin-7.3'.4'-trimethyl ether-3-acetate

fisetin-7.3'.4'-trimethyl ether-3-acetate

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen iodide
fisetin-7.3'.4'-trimethyl ether

fisetin-7.3'.4'-trimethyl ether

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen iodide
2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-7-methoxymethoxy-chromen-4-one
109688-49-5

2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-7-methoxymethoxy-chromen-4-one

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: acetic acid; aqueous sulfuric acid
2: acetic acid anhydride; aqueous hydriodic acid
View Scheme
L-tyrosine
60-18-4

L-tyrosine

A

p-Coumaric Acid
7400-08-0

p-Coumaric Acid

B

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside at 30℃; for 48h; Reagent/catalyst; Microbiological reaction;
L-tyrosine
60-18-4

L-tyrosine

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside / 24 h / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
2: isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside / 3 h / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside / 24 h / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
2: isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
3: isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside / 18 h / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
View Scheme
liquiritigenin
578-86-9

liquiritigenin

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside at 30℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Microbiological reaction;
resokaempferol
2034-65-3

resokaempferol

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside at 30℃; for 18h; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Microbiological reaction;
2'-hydroxy-3,4,4'-trimethoxychalcone
57601-14-6

2'-hydroxy-3,4,4'-trimethoxychalcone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: sodium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide / ethanol; water / 20 °C
2: boron tribromide / dichloromethane / 48 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone
552-41-0

1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol / 20 °C
2: sodium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide / ethanol; water / 20 °C
3: boron tribromide / dichloromethane / 48 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
120-14-9

3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: sodium hydroxide / ethanol / 20 °C
2: sodium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide / ethanol; water / 20 °C
3: boron tribromide / dichloromethane / 48 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
quercetol
117-39-5

quercetol

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: pyridine / 3 h / 80 °C
2: boron trifluoride diethyl etherate / 1,4-dioxane / 6 h / 80 °C
3: 2,6-dimethylpyridine / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
4: Pd(OH)2/C, 20%; triethylamine; hydrogen / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C
5: sodium dithionite; sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 4 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
3,5,7-triacetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one
1064-06-8

3,5,7-triacetoxy-2-(3,4-diacetoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: boron trifluoride diethyl etherate / 1,4-dioxane / 6 h / 80 °C
2: 2,6-dimethylpyridine / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
3: Pd(OH)2/C, 20%; triethylamine; hydrogen / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C
4: sodium dithionite; sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 4 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
4-(3,7-diacetoxy-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-1,2-phenylene diacetate
7251-37-8

4-(3,7-diacetoxy-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-1,2-phenylene diacetate

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 2,6-dimethylpyridine / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
2: Pd(OH)2/C, 20%; triethylamine; hydrogen / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C
3: sodium dithionite; sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 4 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
3,3′,4′,7-tetraacetoxy-5-triuoromethylsufonyloxyflavone

3,3′,4′,7-tetraacetoxy-5-triuoromethylsufonyloxyflavone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: Pd(OH)2/C, 20%; triethylamine; hydrogen / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 °C
2: sodium dithionite; sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 4 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere
View Scheme
2',4'-dihydroxy-4-acetophenone
89-84-9

2',4'-dihydroxy-4-acetophenone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: potassium carbonate / butanone / 12 h / Reflux
2: potassium hydroxide / ethanol / 20 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere
3: palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / ethyl acetate
4: sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate buffer solution; potassium hydrogen sulfate complex / dichloromethane; acetone / 21 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
2,4-bis(benzyloxy)acetophenone
22877-01-6

2,4-bis(benzyloxy)acetophenone

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: potassium hydroxide / ethanol / 20 h / Reflux; Inert atmosphere
2: palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / ethyl acetate
3: sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate buffer solution; potassium hydrogen sulfate complex / dichloromethane; acetone / 21 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

3,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2,5,6-D3)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-8-D

3,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2,5,6-D3)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-8-D

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron trifluoride; [D3]phosphoric acid In water-d2 at 55℃; for 24h; deuteration;78%
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

UDP-glucuronic acid
2616-64-0

UDP-glucuronic acid

Fisetin 7-O-glucuronide

Fisetin 7-O-glucuronide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With UGT88D4 In aq. buffer at 30℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Enzymatic reaction;68%
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

nicotinamide
98-92-0

nicotinamide

C15H10O6*2C6H6N2O*0.5C2H6O

C15H10O6*2C6H6N2O*0.5C2H6O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 20℃;58%
for 24h;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

2-(bromomethyl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine
79074-45-6

2-(bromomethyl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine

2-(3,4-bis((3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3,7-bis((3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-methoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one

2-(3,4-bis((3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-3,7-bis((3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)-methoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; acetone for 2h; Inert atmosphere;48%
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 75℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;48%
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

5-deoxy-3-hydroxyhydnocarpin-D

5-deoxy-3-hydroxyhydnocarpin-D

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With silver carbonate In acetone; benzene at 60℃; for 36h;27%
isonicotinamide
1453-82-3

isonicotinamide

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

C15H10O6*C6H6N2O

C15H10O6*C6H6N2O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol at 20℃;20%
In methanol for 24h; Solvent;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

3,3',4',7-tetra-O-methylfisetin
17093-86-6

3,3',4',7-tetra-O-methylfisetin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Yield given;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

acetic anhydride
108-24-7

acetic anhydride

3,3′,4′,7-tetraacetoxyflavone
114840-33-4

3,3′,4′,7-tetraacetoxyflavone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine9 mg
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

dimethyl sulfate
77-78-1

dimethyl sulfate

3,3',4',7-tetra-O-methylfisetin
17093-86-6

3,3',4',7-tetra-O-methylfisetin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

A

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
99-50-3

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

B

4-hydroxysalicylic acid
89-86-1

4-hydroxysalicylic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 18-crown-6 ether In tetrahydrofuran; toluene Product distribution; -10 deg C, then room temp.;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

fisetin radical

fisetin radical

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With singlet oxygen In water at 20℃; Rate constant;
With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-α-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-p-tolyloxyl In ethanol at 20℃; Kinetics;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

fisetin radical

fisetin radical

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Ph2CHOO radical In chlorobenzene at 50℃; Rate constant;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

methyl iodide
74-88-4

methyl iodide

potassium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide

methanol
67-56-1

methanol

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

potash

potash

A

3,5-dihydroxyphenol
108-73-6

3,5-dihydroxyphenol

B

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
99-50-3

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Beim Schmelzen;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

nitric acid
7697-37-2

nitric acid

A

oxalic acid
144-62-7

oxalic acid

B

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
88-89-1

2,4,6-Trinitrophenol

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

alkali

alkali

A

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
99-50-3

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

B

recorcinol
108-46-3

recorcinol

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Bei Einw. von Luft;
3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

metaboric acid
13460-50-9

metaboric acid

oxalic acid
144-62-7

oxalic acid

acetic acid
64-19-7

acetic acid

compound C17H9BO10

compound C17H9BO10

sulfuric acid
7664-93-9

sulfuric acid

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

fisetinsulfonic acid-(x)

fisetinsulfonic acid-(x)

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
528-48-3

3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

fisetintetramethyl ether

fisetintetramethyl ether

528-48-3Relevant articles and documents

A synthesis method of fisetin

-

Paragraph 0017; 0051; 0062-0065; 0066; 0077-0080; 0081- 0155, (2019/04/10)

The invention provides a method for synthesis of fisetin, solves the fisetin synthetic method only is suitable for the laboratory, and the product yield and content can't problem. The synthetic method comprises the following steps: 1) using 2 - butanone, benzyl chloride, 2, 4 - dihydroxy acetophenone and anhydrous K2 CO3 Generating on the protecting group of the intermediate product; 2) under the protection of nitrogen, in the alkaline environment, the intermediate product and protocatechuic aldehyde condensation reaction, generating 3 ', 4' - dihydroxy - 7 - [...]; 3) the 3 ', 4' - dihydroxy - 7 - [...] reduction generating 3 ', 4', 7 - three hydroxy chalcone; 4) the 3 ', 4', 7 - three hydroxy chalcone is placed on in the alkaline environment of hydroxy, then in toluene sulfonic acid catalysis of a cyclization reaction, generating fisetin. The synthesis method can be used for industrial production; the synthetic method is simple in operation, raw materials are easy, and the production cost is low, and the resulting intermediate product and finally the yield of the product, the higher the purity, has good prospects for development.

Profiling of flavonol derivatives for the development of antitrypanosomatidic drugs

Borsari, Chiara,Lucian, Rosaria,Pozzi, Cecilia,Poehner, Ina,Henrich, Stefan,Trande, Matteo,Cordeiro-Da-silva, Anabela,Santarem, Nuno,Baptista, Catarina,Tait, Annalisa,Di Pisa, Flavio,Iacono, Lucia Dello,Landi, Giacomo,Gul, Sheraz,Wolf, Markus,Kuzikov, Maria,Ellinger, Bernhard,Reinshagen, Jeanette,Witt, Gesa,Gribbon, Philip,Kohler, Manfred,Keminer, Oliver,Behrens, Birte,Costantino, Luca,Nevado, Paloma Tejera,Bifeld, Eugenia,Eick, Julia,Clos, Joachim,Torrado, Juan,Jiménez-Antón, María D.,Corral, María J.,Alunda, José Ma,Pellati, Federica,Wade, Rebecca C.,Ferrari, Stefania,Mangani, Stefano,Costi, Maria Paola

, p. 7598 - 7616 (2016/09/04)

Flavonoids represent a potential source of new antitrypanosomatidic leads. Starting from a library of natural products, we combined target-based screening on pteridine reductase 1 with phenotypic screening on Trypanosoma brucei for hit identification. Flavonols were identified as hits, and a library of 16 derivatives was synthesized. Twelve compounds showed EC50 values against T. brucei below 10 μM. Four X-ray crystal structures and docking studies explained the observed structure-activity relationships. Compound 2 (3,6-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one) was selected for pharmacokinetic studies. Encapsulation of compound 2 in PLGA nanoparticles or cyclodextrins resulted in lower in vitro toxicity when compared to the free compound. Combination studies with methotrexate revealed that compound 13 (3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one) has the highest synergistic effect at concentration of 1.3 μM, 11.7-fold dose reduction index and no toxicity toward host cells. Our results provide the basis for further chemical modifications aimed at identifying novel antitrypanosomatidic agents showing higher potency toward PTR1 and increased metabolic stability.

Isolation and synthesis of flavonols and comparison of their antioxidant activity

Hasan, Aurangzeb,Sadiq,Abbas,Mughal,Khan, Khalid M.,Ali, Muhammad

experimental part, p. 995 - 1003 (2010/09/05)

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Astragalus beckari yielded four flavonol aglycones, namely kaempferol, quercetin, 5-deoxy kaempferol and fisitin. These isolated compounds were then synthesised in the laboratory using the Algar-Flyn-Oyamad reaction. Antioxidant activity of both the isolated and synthesised flavonoids was compared using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. The isolated flavonoids were found to be more active.

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