527-07-1

Basic information

• Product Name: Sodium gluconate
• Synonyms: Developer,partB;glonsen;gluconatodisodio;monosodiumgluconate;monosodiumsalt,d-gluconicaci;pasexon100t;pmpsodiumgluconate;SODIUM D-GLUCONATE
• CAS NO: 527-07-1
• Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₁O₇*Na
• Molecular Weight: 218.14
• EINECS: 208-407-7
• Product Categories: Biochemistry;Glucose;Sugar Acids;Sugars;Dextrins、Sugar & Carbohydrates;stabilizer
• Mol File: 527-07-1.mol
• Article Data: 22

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 206 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 673.6 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 375.2 °C
• Appearance: White to light beige/Crystalline Powder
• Density: 1.763 g/cm³
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
• Water Solubility: Very soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• Merck: 14,4456
• BRN: 3919651
• CAS DataBase Reference: Sodium gluconate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium gluconate(527-07-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium gluconate(527-07-1)

Safety Data

• Safety Statements: 24/25
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: LZ5235000
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 527-07-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Sodium gluconate is the organic sodium salt of gluconic acid. Sodium gluconate is a chelator that forms stable complexes with various ions and ultimately prevents these ions from engaging in chemical reactions. Gluconates are naturally occurring substances that freely dissociate to the gluconate anion and its respective cations. Being fully biodegradable and non-toxic, it represents an environment friendly alternative to the common chelating agents used in cosmetics such as EDTA. In addition to this, sodium gluconate has a low acute toxicity to aquatic organisms.

Chemical Properties

Sodium gluconate is a white to tan, granular to fine, practically odourless crystalline powder. It is very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether.

Originator

JUNGBUNZLAUER INC.

Uses

Sodium gluconate is used as a natural preservative. It prevents the growth of microbes in our products to keep them safe for our consumers. It also works as a skin-conditioning agent and a chelating agent which helps cleansing products to foam better in hard water. You can often find sodium gluconate in soap, sunscreen, shampoo, toothpaste, hair products, makeup, and a variety of other personal care products.Sodium gluconate has been used as a component of recording buffer used in two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) recording in Xenopus laevis oocytes. It has also been used as a control for sodium.

Definition

ChEBI: Sodium gluconate is an organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion. It has a role as a chelator. It contains a D-gluconate.

Production Methods

Sodium gluconate is manufactured by the fermentation of carbohydrate containing the raw material glucose syrup derived from maize. After a crystallisation step, sodium gluconate is separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation, the crystals are dried and then sieved to guarantee the desired granulation. Based on the production process as well as the raw materials used, sodium gluconate is not synthetic natural.

Therapeutic Function

Electrolyte replenisher

Biochem/physiol Actions

Ingestion of sodium gluconate is known to stimulate the production of intestinal butyrate. It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical paper and textile industry. It acts as a chelating agent. Sodium gluconate serves as a detergent in bottle washing formulation.

Safety Profile

Low toxicity by intravenous route. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Synthesis

The calcium gluconate is added into the reaction kettle. Add sulfuric acid aqueous solution while stirring. After mixing for one hour, let it stand for a while and then get it filtered. The filter residue is CaSO4 and gets it removed. The filtrate is added into the neutralization kettle, and a proper amount of Na2CO3 aqueous solution is added to neutralize it. Finally get sodium gluconate through concentration, filtration and drying.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from a small volume of H2O (solubility is 59g/100mL at 25o), or dissolve it in H2O and add EtOH since it is sparingly soluble in EtOH. It is insoluble in Et2O. It forms a Cu complex in alkaline solution and a complex with Fe in neutral solution. [cf p 639, Sawyer & Bagger J Am Chem Soc 81 5302 1959, Beilstein 3 I 188.]

Regulations

In Europe, sodium gluconate is listed as a generally permitted food additive (E576) and may be added to all foodstuffs, following the "quantum satis" principle, as long as no special regulation restricts the use.The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) assigned sodium gluconate the “generally recognised as safe” (GRAS) status and permitted its use in food without limitation other than current good manufacturing practice.Sodium gluconate is exempted from the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) by means of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 987/2008 of 8 October, 2008 (amending Annex IV). As a consequence thereof, there is no need to register sodium gluconate.

InChI:InChI=1/C14H14O3.C6H12O7.Na/c1-8(2)7-11(15)12-13(16)9-5-3-4-6-10(9)14(12)17;7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h3-6,8,12H,7H2,1-2H3;2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+1/p-1/t;2-,3-,4+,5-;/m.1./s1

Synthetic route

β-D-glucose (492-61-5) → fructopyranose (6347-01-9) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + sodium D-arabino-hexulosonate (23846-32-4) + sodium D-xylo-5-hexulosonate (28538-09-2) + D-glucaric acid disodium salt

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; air; Pd-Bi on charcoal at 39.9℃; for 2.58333h; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. time, var. catalyst ratio, var. catalyst;	A 0.2% B 99.4% C n/a D n/a E n/a

D-glucose (50-99-7) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; sodium carbonate In water at 20℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Time;	90.9%
With silver-graphite; oxygen; sodium hydroxide In water at 55℃; for 3.5h; pH=8.5; Reagent/catalyst;	51.5%
With sodium hydroxide; potassium bromide Electrolysis.durch elektrolytische Oxydation;

D-glucose (50-99-7) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + sodium tartrate (868-18-8) + D-glucaric acid disodium salt

Conditions	Yield
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; sodium hypochlorite; sodium bromide In water at 5℃; pH=11.7;	A n/a B n/a C 90%
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; sodium hypochlorite; sodium bromide In water at 5℃; pH=11.2; Product distribution; Further Variations:; pH-values; Reaction partners;	A n/a B n/a C 64%
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl; sodium hypochlorite; sodium bromide In water at 5℃; pH=9.5;

D-glucose (50-99-7) → sodium formate (141-53-7) + sodium acetate (127-09-3) + sodium glycolate (25289-18-3, 105938-46-3, 2836-32-0) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen; sodium hydroxide at 150℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave;	A 5.67% B 7.7% C 9.83% D 38.14%

D-Glucose (2280-44-6) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium bromide at 25℃; Rate constant; Kinetics; electrochemical oxidation; var. glucose and NaBr conc., var. potential range;
With glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus sp.; C44H28ClFeN4O12S4; sodium chloride; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h; pH=7; Enzymatic reaction;
With GDH; oxygen; sodium chloride; catalase; 7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,10-ethyleneisoalloxazinium chloride In water at 20℃; for 2h; pH=7; Catalytic behavior; Time; Enzymatic reaction;	> 99 %Spectr.
With gold-ceria nanoparticle; dihydrogen peroxide; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Irradiation;

6-deoxy-D-glucose (488-79-9) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; oxygen; Pd-Bi on charcoal In water at 50℃; for 6h;	1.4 g

D-glucose (50-99-7) → disodium meso-tartrate (526-94-3, 868-18-8, 4504-50-1, 14475-11-7, 21106-15-0, 21348-52-7, 21595-79-9, 22476-77-3, 25817-08-7, 51307-92-7, 60131-40-0, 64183-71-7, 109175-69-1) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + disodium DL-tartrate (526-94-3, 868-18-8, 4504-50-1, 14475-11-7, 21106-15-0, 21348-52-7, 21595-79-9, 22476-77-3, 25817-08-7, 51307-92-7, 60131-40-0, 64183-71-7, 109175-69-1) + D-glucaric acid disodium salt

Conditions	Yield
With 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl; sodium hypochlorite; sodium bromide In sodium hydroxide at 0 - 5℃; for 1h; pH=11.4 - 11.6; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents; Solvents; reagent concentration;	A n/a B 4 % Spectr. C n/a D 90 % Spectr.

D-Glucose (2280-44-6) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + D-glucaric acid disodium salt

Conditions	Yield
With 1 weight% Au on SiO2; dihydrogen peroxide; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 0.25h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time;

D-Glucose (2280-44-6) → D-Fructose (57-48-7) + D-Mannose (3458-28-4) + D-sorbitol (50-70-4) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + D-glucaric acid disodium salt + D-maltose (69-79-4)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; sodium hydroxide In water at 50 - 60℃; Sealed tube;

β-D-glucose (492-61-5) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: β-D-glucose With glucose dehydrogenase; 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanone; laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila; NAD In aq. buffer at 30℃; pH=7; Enzymatic reaction; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In aq. buffer pH=7;

gluconic acid (526-95-4) → sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
With pyrographite; sodium hydroxide In water at 40℃; for 3h; pH=9-10;

D-Glucose (2280-44-6) → sodium2-deoxy-d-gluconate + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water; sodium 3-(3-sulfonatobenzoyl)benzene-1-sulfonate; sodium hydroxide at 20℃; for 2.5h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation;	A 48 %Spectr. B 12 %Spectr.

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + octadecyldimethyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (27668-52-6) → sodium (3R,4S,5S,6R)-1-(3-(heptadecyldimethylammonio)propyl)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,8,9-trioxa-1-silabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3-carboxylate chloride

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 145℃;	99%

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + N-(3-(diethoxyphosphoryl)propyl)-N,N-dimethyloctadecan-1-ammonium bromide → C27H59NO3P(1+)*C6H11O7(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 60℃; for 24h;	89%

C14H30NO2(1+)*Br(1-) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → C14H30NO2(1+)*C6H11O7(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol at 60℃; for 24h;	86%

sodium succinate (150-90-3) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → trisodium 2-[(D-gluconate)-2-O-yl]butanedioate

Conditions	Yield
With lanthanum(III) chloride In water for 10.25h; Heating;	69.6%

Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate + N,N’-bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N’-bis[carboxymethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol dihydrochloride (1035818-07-5) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + potassium hydroxide → 6K(1+)*3NO3(1-)*10H2O*C58H65Fe4N4O34(3-)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol for 4h; Reflux;	55%

trimethylplatinum(IV) sulphate tetrahydrate + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → [Pt(Me)3(D-gluconate)]2SO4

Conditions	Yield
In water soln. of carbohydrate in water added to soln. of Pt complex in water, stirred for 1 h, solvent removed in vac. (not exceeding 30°C bath temp.), solid dissolved in MeOH; filtered, solvent evapd. in vac., dried in air, elem. anal.;	47%

rhodium(III) chloride trihydrate + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → (R,S,R,R)-(+)-Rh2{{CH2(OH)(CH(OH))4}COO}4

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; water soln. of Rh salt added to soln. of the acid in 90% aq. EtOH (N2), refluxed (3 h, N2, color change from red to green), cooled (room temp.); ppt. filtered off, evapd.; elem. anal.;	38%

acetic anhydride (108-24-7) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → penta-O-acetyl-D-gluconic acid (17430-71-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; zinc(II) chloride at 0 - 20℃;	35%
With hydrogenchloride; zinc(II) chloride at 5 - 20℃; Acetylation;	8.8 g

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → methyl hexanoate (106-70-7) + methyl 6-hydroxycaproate (4547-43-7) + 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one

Conditions	Yield
With rhenium oxide and palladium co-loaded on activated carbon at 109.84℃; for 24h;	A 30% B 13% C 24%

butanoic acid anhydride (106-31-0) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-penta(butanoyloxy)hexanoic acid

Conditions	Yield
With perchloric acid at 0 - 40℃; for 2h;	19%

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → sodium oxalate (62-76-0)

Conditions	Yield
durch Aspergillus mutatus;

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → 6-deoxy-D-gluconolactone

Conditions	Yield
With cation exchange resin (BioRad W-X8) In water for 0.25h;	930 mg

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → D-Arabinose (10323-20-3) + D-erythrose (583-50-6)

Conditions	Yield
In water at 25 - 40℃; for 12h; electrolysis; max. specific power consumption: 43 kWh kg-1; total current 17 A, pH 5.6; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → 5-keto-d-gluconic acid

Conditions	Yield
bei der Einw.von Bact.gluconicum aus Kombucha;

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → D-Arabinose (10323-20-3) + methylammonium carbonate (15719-64-9, 15719-76-3, 97762-63-5) + D-arabino-<2>hexulonic acid

Conditions	Yield
Zeitlicher Verlauf der elektrochemischen Oxydation (Platin-Anode);

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) + acetic acid (64-19-7) → D-gluconic acid δ lactone

Conditions	Yield
at 60℃;

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → sodium 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

Conditions	Yield
With transformed E.coli BL21 In water at 37℃; pH=8.5; Product distribution / selectivity; Microbiological reaction;

sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → stannous gluconate (10343-42-7, 35984-19-1)

Conditions	Yield
With stannous chloride
With hydrogenchloride; tin(ll) chloride In water

boric acid (11113-50-1) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → Tetranatrium-bis-{D-gluconato-(3-)-O(5),O(6)-dihydroxy}-borat(2-)

Conditions	Yield
at pH 14;

boric acid (11113-50-1) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → Dinatrium-dihydrogen-bis-{D-gluconato-(3-)-O(5),O(6)-dihydroxy}-borat(2-)

Conditions	Yield
at pH 5;

boric acid (11113-50-1) + sodium D-gluconate (527-07-1) → Trinatrium-hydrogen-bis-{D-gluconato-(3-)-O(5),O(6)-dihydroxy}-borat(2-)

Conditions	Yield
at pH 8-9;

Upstream product

• 50-99-7 D(+)-Glucose 
• 526-95-4 Gluconic acid 
• 299-28-5 Calcium gluconate 
• 497-19-8 Sodium carbonate 

Downstream Products

• 299-28-5 Calcium gluconate 
• 4468-02-4 Zinc gluconate 
• 527-09-3 D-Gluconic acid copper(II) salt 
• 16037-91-5 ANTIMONY SODIUM GLUCONATE 

Recommend Products

• 50-99-7  D-glucose 
• 62-76-0  sodium oxalate 
• 2280-44-6  D-Glucose 
• 6347-01-9  fructopyranose 
• 23846-32-4  sodium D-arabino-hexulosonate 
• 28538-09-2  sodium D-xylo-5-hexulosonate 
• 492-61-5  β-D-glucose 
• 488-79-9  6-deoxy-D-glucose 
• 10323-20-3  D-Arabinose 
• 583-50-6  D-erythrose 
• 15719-64-9  methylammonium carbonate 
• 868-18-8  sodium tartrate 
• 526-94-3  disodium meso-tartrate 
• 526-94-3  disodium DL-tartrate