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intermediate changes of imide salt receptors. Besides, the
double basic site of the cation with amino group interacts
with imidazole anion under the basic condition. Firstly,
when imidazole anion contacts with active methylene,
carbon anion intermediate is formed, and the condensa-
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tion. Then, the electrophilic addition reaction between
imidazole anion and aldehyde group yielded Canizalo
intermediate, and the redox reaction with condensation
product under the action of alkali yielded Canizalo prod-
uct. Finally, Canizalo product was esterified to produce
CS-12.[43] Particularly, BSILs can not only be recycled in
each step of the reaction, but also act as both basic cata-
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For the first time, a series of the functionalized
thermoregulated phase-transfer bibasic sites ionic liquids
catalysts (e.g., [HDBU]IM, [Aemim]IM, [TMG]IM,
[Aemim]Pro, [Aemim]Gly, [HDBU]Pro and [HDBU]Gly)
were synthesized successfully and applied in the synthe-
sis of CS-12 at homogeneous catalysis-liquid/liquid sepa-
ration system (BSILs/H2O-IBD). Remarkably, after
simple phase separation, the separated BSILs/H2O cata-
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14 times without noticeable drop in yield. [Aemim]IM,
selected as the model catalyst, exhibited high yield of
72.2%. Bibasic sites in BSILs were explicated by two endo-
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The H-bonding between [Aemim]IM and water, the
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synthesize CS-12 reaction to ensure “low temperature
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by grant from National Natural
Science Foundation of China (NSFC21978141) and doc-
toral foundation of Shandong province (ZR2019BB010).
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