Paper
RSC Advances
metal ion (Cu2+, Ag+, AuCl4ꢀ, Co2+ and Ni2+)/NaBH4 systems
were employed to in situ form metal nanoparticles, and to
detailedly investigate the catalytic reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP by
9 N. C. Sharma, S. V. Sahi, S. Nath, J. G. Parsons, J. L. Gardea-
Torresdey and T. Pal, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2007, 41, 5137–
5142.
NaBH4 which was used as the model reaction. The effects of 10 A. Gangula, R. Podila, M. Ramakrishna, L. Karanam,
concentration of NaBH4, metal ions, and 4-NP on the catalytic
reduction system were systematically studied. The activation
C. Janardhana and A. M. Rao, Langmuir, 2011, 27, 15268–
15274.
energies of the metal ion/NaBH4 systems towards catalytic 11 Y. Lu, Y. Mei, M. Drechsler and M. Ballauff, Angew. Chem.,
reduction reaction of 4-NP have also been investigated. These Int. Ed., 2006, 45, 813–816.
catalytic reduction systems show some merits, for instance, (i) 12 B. Baruah, G. J. Gabriel, M. J. Akbashev and M. E. Booher,
the operation procedure is simple; (ii) it does not require to Langmuir, 2013, 29, 4225–4234.
synthesize metal nanoparticles in advance, which could over- 13 M. Liang, L. Wang, R. Su, W. Qi, M. Wang, Y. Yu and Z. He,
come the shortcoming of intrinsic aggregation or oxidation of Catal. Sci. Technol., 2013, 3, 1910–1914.
metal nanoparticles during storage, since storing up metal ions 14 Y. Sun, L. Xu, Z. Yin and X. Song, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1,
solutions is more facile than that of metal nanoparticles solu- 12361–12370.
tions; (iii) a series of metal ion/NaBH4 systems could be 15 K. B. Narayanan and N. Sakthivel, Bioresour. Technol., 2011,
demonstrated the good catalytic performance towards nitro- 102, 10737–10740.
aromatic compounds, indicating the diversity of this catalytic 16 Y.-C. Chang and D.-H. Chen, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 165,
system. In situ formed metal nanoparticles in the metal ion/ 664–669.
NaBH4 catalytic systems towards the reduction reaction of 4-NP 17 J. Zhang, G. Chen, M. Chaker, F. Rosei and D. Ma, Appl.
were probed by XRD and TEM, and catalytic reduction reaction Catal., B, 2013, 132–133, 107–115.
was facilely tracked by employing UV-vis absorption spectros- 18 J. Guo and K. S. Suslick, Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 11094–
copy. The reduction of series of other nitroaromatic 11096.
compounds by NaBH4 including 2-NP, 3-NP, 2,4-dNP, 2,5-dNP, 19 P. Pachfule, S. Kandambeth, D. D. Dıaz and R. Banerjee,
3,4-dNP, 2,4,6-tNP and 2,4,6-tNT could also be achieved by Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 3169–3172.
employing these metal ion/NaBH4 catalytic systems. This study 20 J. Chen, P. Xiao, J. Gu, D. Han, J. Zhang, A. Sun, W. Wang and
is expected to not only afford a robust and simple strategy for T. Chen, Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 1212–1214.
the catalytic reduction of one-, two-, and tree-nitro group con- 21 J.-R. Chiou, B.-H. Lai, K.-C. Hsu and D.-H. Chen, J. Hazard.
a
´
taining aromatic compounds, but also be helpful for developing
novel bimetal nanomaterial catalytic systems.
Mater., 2013, 248–249, 394–400.
22 B. Mu, Q. Wang and A. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1,
7083–7090.
23 S. Panigrahi, S. Basu, S. Praharaj, S. Pande, S. Jana, A. Pal,
S. K. Ghosh and T. Pal, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 4596–
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science 24 F. Lin and R. Doong, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115, 6591–6598.
Foundation of China (Grants no. 21005076 and 21377124), by 25 J. Zeng, Q. Zhang, J. Chen and Y. Xia, Nano Lett., 2010, 10,
Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (Grant no.
30–35.
2013A610034), by Science and Technology Project in Xiamen 26 S. Jana, S. K. Ghosh, S. Nath, S. Pande, S. Praharaj,
(Grant no. 3502Z20132012), and by National Key Technology
Support Program (Grant no. 2012BAC25B04).
S. Panigrahi, S. Basu, T. Endo and T. Pal, Appl. Catal., A,
2006, 313, 41–48.
27 N. Sahiner, H. Ozay, O. Ozay and N. Aktas, Appl. Catal., B,
2010, 101, 137–143.
28 N. Sahiner, H. Ozay, O. Ozay and N. Aktas, Appl. Catal., A,
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