1
288
MAZURKEVICH, KOBASA
which suggests that V5+ and W6+ may be present in a
separate phase and that the active sites may be blocked.
2
. Noguchi, T. and Mizuno, M., Phase Changes in the
ZrO –TiO System, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1968, vol. 41,
no. 12, pp. 2895–2899.
2
2
3+
Doping of ZrO –TiO with Al ions (rAl3+ = 0.57 Å)
2
2
3
. Lopato, P.M. and Shevchenko, A.V., Phase Diagrams of
Refractory Oxide Systems with Application to the
Development of Materials with Improved Physicochem-
ical Properties, in Fazovoe ravnovesie, struktura i
svoistva splavov (Phase Equilibria, Structure, and Prop-
erties ofAlloys), Kiev: Inst. Problem Materialovedeniya,
reduces the photocatalytic activity of the samples over
the entire range of dopant concentrations (Table 2) owing
to the formation of a substitutional solid solution, which
reduces the concentration of structural defects [15]. This
finding was used to prepare photostable Al-modified
ZrO –TiO materials. However, fine-particle doped
1
990, pp. 25–32.
2
2
materials cannot be prepared by impregnation, which
reduces the specific surface as a result of particle aggre-
gation in water and during heat treatment. In view of this,
we developed a technique for doping TiO and TiO -
based materials via high-temperature hydrolysis of dis-
solved metal salts in air–hydrogen flames [17].
4. Shevchenko, A.V., Lopato, P.M., Maister, I.M., and Gor-
bunov, O.S., System ZrO2–TiO2, Zh. Neorg. Khim.,
1980, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 2496–2499.
5. Yamaguchi Osamu and Mogi Hiroschi, Formation of
Zirconia Titanate Solid Solution from Alkoxides, J. Am.
Ceram. Soc., 1989, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 1065–1066.
2
2
6
. Mazurkevich, Ya.S., Kobasa, I.M., and Zozulya, N.I., A
Method for Testing Photocatalysts for the Production of
Additive Printed Circuits, Obmen Opytom Radioprom–
sti., 1985, no. 5, pp. 62–63.
. Mazurkevich, Ya.S., Zozulya, N.I., Rotaru, V.K., et al.,
USSR Inventor’s Certificate no. 1688778, Byull. Izo-
bret., 1991, no. 40, p. 58.
. Pamfilov, A.V. and Mazurkevich, Ya.S., Photocatalytic
Activity of Anatase and Rutile, Ukr. Khim. Zh. (Russ.
Ed.), 1962, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 289–294.
. Mazurkevich,Ya.S., Smogorzhevskii, A.V., Fedotova, I.M.,
and Ermolaeva, T.A., Magnetic Susceptibility and Pho-
tocatalytic Activity of Titania, Lakokras. Mater. Ikh Pri-
men., 1971, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 22–27.
The materials thus obtained have a high specific sur-
face (Table 3). By introducing different impurities and
adjusting the process parameters, we can obtain mate-
rials with a high photocatalytic activity, potentially
attractive as photocatalysts and photosensitive compo-
nents of insulators in photoadditive printed circuit man-
ufacture, as well as materials with zero photocatalytic
activity, which can be used as stable white pigments for
UV-reflecting coatings.
7
8
9
The ZrO –TiO materials precalcined at 1070 K in
2
2
air exhibit no catalytic activity for the photoreduction
of methylene blue to a leuco form or chemical metalli-
zation of composites. Heat treatment in a reducing
atmosphere between 770–870 K has no effect on their
catalytic and photocatalytic properties, while the sam-
ples calcined in hydrogen at 1070 K exhibit high cata-
lytic activity and can be used as efficient photocata-
lysts. The χ of such materials is one order of magnitude
higher than that of as-prepared samples.
1
1
0. Mazurkevich, Ya.S. and Kobasa, I.M., Magnetic Suscepti-
bility and Photocatalytic Activity of the TiO –ZnO Sys-
2
tem, Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1999, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 82–87.
1. Kozub, G.M., Zarko, V.I., Antonova, L.S., and Pavlov, V.I.,
Effect of Composition and Preparation Conditions on the
Electrical Conductivity of Doped Titania, Ukr. Khim. Zh.
(Russ. Ed.), 1982, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 827–830.
Using the most active materials, we fabricated a set
of catalyzed textolites and metallized their surfaces by 12. Gray, H., Investigation of the Semiconducting, Photo-
the additive method. The high catalytic activity and
small particle size of the materials prepared by high-
temperature heat treatment ensured good adhesion both
in total plating and photopatterning of the insulator. The
use of the materials containing 1.0 and 5.0 wt % TiO2
electric, and Other Electronic Properties of Catalysts, in
Eksperimental’nye metody issledovaniya katalizatora
(
Experimental Methods for Catalyst Characterization),
Moscow: Mir, 1972, pp. 291–319.
1
3. Mazurkevich,Ya.S. and Kobasa I.M., Ceramic Materials
Based on Modified Pyrogenic Titania and Titania–Silica,
Neorg. Mater., 1997, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1403–1404 [Inorg.
Mater. (Engl. Transl.), vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1192–1193].
(
with and without Al additions) as pigments makes it
possible to obtain extremely weatherproof and ther-
mally stable coatings.
1
4. Mazurkevich, Ya.S. and Kobasa, I.M., TiO –ZnO
2
Ceramics, Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1998, vol. 41, no. 4,
pp. 59–61.
CONCLUSION
1
5. Kofstad, P., Nonstoichiometry, Diffusion, and Electrical
Conductivity in Binary Metal Oxides, New York: Wiley,
The electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of
ZrO –TiO materials were studied. The effects of dif-
ferent modifiers were examined, and procedures for the
preparation of high-activity photocatalysts and photo-
stable pigments were developed.
2
2
1
972. Translated under the title Otklonenie ot stekhi-
ometrii, diffuziya i elektroprovodnost’ v prostykh
okislakh metallov, Moscow: Mir, 1975.
1
1
6. Pamfilov, A.V., Bondar’, P.G., and Mazurkevich, Ya.S.,
Modification Effects on the Work Function of Titania, Ukr.
Khim. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1965, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 768–771.
7. Mazurkevich, Ya.S., Borisov, M.B., Zozulya, N.I., et al.,
USSR Inventor’s Certificate no. 1637299, Byull. Izo-
bret., 1991, no. 11, p. 193.
REFERENCES
1
. Simpson, F.H., High Temperature Structural Ceramics,
Mater. Eng., 1960, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 16–18.
INORGANIC MATERIALS Vol. 37 No. 12 2001