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Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium trichloride at 170℃; Irradiation; | |
With aluminum tri-bromide at 170℃; Irradiation; | |
With aluminium(III) iodide at 170℃; Irradiation; | |
With aluminium trichloride in einem elektrischen Feld von 8000 V; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methylene chloride; chlorine im UV-Licht; | |
With diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate; chlorine im UV-Licht; | |
With ammonium chloride; chlorine im UV-Licht; |
delta-lindane
A
LINDANE
B
beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
C
α-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
γ-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
δ-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With TEA In benzene at 20 - 25℃; Quantum yield; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; |
beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
A
LINDANE
B
α-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
γ-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
δ-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With TEA In benzene at 20 - 25℃; Quantum yield; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; |
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
A
delta-lindane
B
LINDANE
C
beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
D
α-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
γ-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
δ-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With TEA In benzene at 20 - 25℃; Quantum yield; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; |
LINDANE
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; chlorine |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; chlorine |
aluminium trichloride
delta-lindane
A
LINDANE
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 140℃; |
tetrachloromethane
α-3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorocyclohex-1-ene
chlorine
A
LINDANE
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
mit Gluehlampenlicht.Irradiation; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 170℃; |
Molecular Formula: C6H6Cl6
Molar mass: 290.83 g/mol
EINECS: 200-401-2
Density: 1.59 g/cm3
Flash Point: 157.5 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.532
Boiling Point: 288 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.00416 mmHg at 25°C
Melting point: 113-115 °C(lit.)
Storage temp: 0-6°C
Appearance: White powder
Stable: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents
Product categories of lindane (58-89-9): Fluoroelastomer;Insectcide;Organics
Structure of lindane (58-89-9):
XLogP3-AA: 3.8
H-Bond Donor: 0
H-Bond Acceptor: 0
IUPAC Name: 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
Canonical SMILES: C1(C(C(C(C(C1Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H
InChIKey: JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
lindane (58-89-9) is used for the prevention and treatment of vermin ofof rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, vegetables, fruit, tobacco, forest, granaries and others .
In A, B, C, D and other conformational isomers (ie, α-, β-, γ-, δ-body, etc.) of 666, only the gamma has strong insecticidal property. Lindane's industrial production is based on 666 different isomers at different temperatures in methanol, and the different solubility and various isomers of differences to be extracted.They need an appropriate amount of methanol and the extraction temperature .
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat | LD50 | oral | 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) | "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 72, 1982. | |
cat | LDLo | unreported | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Pharmacology and Toxicology. English translation of FATOAO. Vol. 22, Pg. 273, 1959. |
child | TDLo | oral | 111mg/kg (111mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 25, Pg. 374, 1972. |
child | TDLo | oral | 180mg/kg (180mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS | "Clinical Memoranda on Economic Poisons," U.S. Dept. HEW, Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, GA, 1956Vol. -, Pg. 1, 1956. |
dog | LD50 | oral | 40mg/kg (40mg/kg) | Special Publication of the Entomological Society of America. Vol. 78-1, Pg. 11, 1978. | |
dog | LDLo | intravenous | 7500ug/kg (7.5mg/kg) | Tieraerztliche Umschau. Vol. 5, Pg. 61, 1950. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 127mg/kg (127mg/kg) | Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 6, Pg. 386, 1947. | |
hamster | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 640mg/kg (640mg/kg) | Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 58, Pg. 152, 1986. | |
hamster | LD50 | oral | 360mg/kg (360mg/kg) | European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 7, Pg. 159, 1974. | |
human | LDLo | oral | 840mg/kg (840mg/kg) | Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 34, Pg. 1232, 1992. | |
mammal (species unspecified) | LD50 | unreported | 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 17(3), Pg. 32, 1973. | |
man | TDLo | skin | 20mg/kg/6W-I (20mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: VISUAL FIELD CHANGES: EYE CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES | American Journal of Diseases of Children. Vol. 141, Pg. 125, 1987. |
mouse | LCLo | inhalation | 120mg/m3/6H (120mg/m3) | BLOOD: CHANGES IN OTHER CELL COUNT (UNSPECIFIED) BLOOD: CHANGES IN LEUCOCYTE (WBC) COUNT | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 8(10), Pg. 55, 1964. |
mouse | LD50 | intracrebral | 60mg/kg (60mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | Toxicology Letters. Vol. 60, Pg. 289, 1992. |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 125mg/kg (125mg/kg) | Soviet Genetics. English translation of GNKAA5. Vol. 2, Pg. 80, 1966. | |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 44mg/kg (44mg/kg) | Journal of Economic Entomology. Vol. 65, Pg. 632, 1972. | |
rabbit | LD50 | oral | 60mg/kg (60mg/kg) | Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Immunology. Vol. 22, Pg. 115, 1978. | |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | Quarterly Bulletin--Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States. Vol. 16, Pg. 3, 1952. |
rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 4500ug/kg (4.5mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 92, Pg. 140, 1948. |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 35mg/kg (35mg/kg) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 212, Pg. 463, 1951. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 76mg/kg (76mg/kg) | Special Publication of the Entomological Society of America. Vol. 78-1, Pg. 11, 1978. | |
rat | LD50 | skin | 414mg/kg (414mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 55(7), Pg. 87, 1990. | |
rat | LD50 | unreported | 125mg/kg (125mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 28(8), Pg. 29, 1963. |
women | TDLo | skin | 19mg/kg/1H-I (19mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" | Annals of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 972, 1994. |
NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man , 5 (1974),p. 47.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man , 20 (1979),p. 195.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed); No Evidence: mouse, rat NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD 20014) No. NCI-CG-TR-14 (1977). . EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List.
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. A human systemic poison by ingestion. Also a poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: convulsions, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. See also BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE and other benzene hexachloride entries. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl−, HCl, and phosgene.
Hazard Codes: T,N,F,Xn,Xi
Risk Statements:
11: Highly Flammable
20: Harmful by inhalation
21: Harmful in contact with skin
22: Harmful if swallowed
23: Toxic by inhalation
24: Toxic in contact with skin
25: Toxic if swallowed
38: Irritating to the skin
39: Danger of very serious irreversible effects
48: Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure
50: Very Toxic to aquatic organisms
53: May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment43: May cause sensitization by skin contact
62: Possible risk of impaired fertility
64: May cause harm to breast-fed babies
65: Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed
67: Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness
Safety Statements:
9: Keep container in a well-ventilated place
16: Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking
29: Do not empty into drains
33: Take precautionary measures against static discharges
36: Wear suitable protective clothing
37: Wear suitable gloves
45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible)
60: This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste
61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet
62: If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label
OSHA PEL: TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
DFG MAK: 0.1 mg/m3; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinoge
For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Aldrin and Lindane, 5502.
lindane (58-89-9) also can be called Kwell ; alpha-HCH ; Beta-HCH ; Aalindan ; Hexachlorane ; Jacutin ; gamma-HCH ; Beta-Lindane .