10.1016/j.mcat.2018.06.001
This study investigated the use of cerium or zinc oxides as promoters to improve the yield of furfuryl alcohol in the hydrogenation of furfural using an inexpensive copper-based catalyst supported on a mixed layer of cerolite/magnesium-montmorillonite. It was found that high copper loadings (15-30 wt.% copper) maintained high furfural conversions above 80 mol% after 5 h at 210 °C, while the addition of cerium oxide (CeO) or zinc oxide (ZnO) as promoters, while reducing furfural conversion, significantly improved the selectivity of furfuryl alcohol, reaching a maximum yield of above 80% after 5 h at 190 °C. The effects of copper content and the presence of promoters on the catalytic performance were also investigated, with the results indicating that moderate copper loadings favored the formation of 2-methylfuran, while higher loadings and the addition of cerium oxide (CeO) or zinc oxide (ZnO) improved the selectivity of furfuryl alcohol. The study concluded that the addition of CeO2 or ZnO changes the electron density of the active phase, thereby improving the selectivity of furfuryl alcohol and reducing the deactivation due to carbonaceous deposition.