10.1039/c8nj01223g
The research focuses on the green synthesis of gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles using sodium rhodizonate as a bifunctional reducing and stabilizing agent. The study involves the preparation of these nanoparticles in water through a single-step process and evaluates their catalytic efficiency in reducing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and in the dual-catalytic oxidation of formic acid followed by the reduction of methyl orange (MO). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements to determine their size, morphology, crystallinity, elemental composition, and surface charge. The catalytic activities of the nanoparticles were assessed through UV-Vis spectrophotometer monitoring of the absorbance changes at specific wavelengths, corresponding to the reactants and products in the reduction reactions.
10.1002/adfm.201103147
The research focuses on the development of a new family of cationic charged biocompatible hybrid hydrogels, based on arginine unsaturated poly(ester amide) (Arg-UPEA) and Pluronic diacrylate (Pluronic-DA), which were fabricated through UV photocrosslinking in an aqueous medium. The purpose of this study was to improve the cellular interactions of synthetic hydrogels for potential biomedical applications by introducing cationic Arg-UPEA, which possesses biocompatibility and cationic properties. The conclusions drawn from the research indicate that the incorporation of Arg-UPEA into Pluronic-DA hydrogels significantly enhanced cell attachment, proliferation, and viability of both Detroit 539 human fibroblasts and bovine aortic endothelial cells. The chemicals used in the process include Pluronic F127, acryloyl chloride, triethylamine, Irgacure 2959 (as a photoinitiator), L-arginine, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, fumaryl chloride, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and p-nitrophenol, among others. These chemicals were utilized in the synthesis of the hydrogel precursors and for the characterization of their physicochemical properties.
10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01074-6
The research aimed to synthesize and test the biological activity of glycosyl conjugates of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), a synthetic derivative of retinoic acid, on various tumor cell lines. The purpose was to investigate the potential antiproliferative effects and reduced toxicity of these conjugates compared to the parent compound, 4-HPR. The study focused on glucosyl, galactosyl, and mannosyl conjugates, which were synthesized through a five-step process involving the use of peracetylated monosaccharides, bismuth bromide as a catalyst, p-nitrophenol, Pearlman’s catalyst for nitro group reduction, and EDC/DMAP for coupling with RA. The synthesized compounds were then tested for their antiproliferative potential in vitro using four human cancer cell lines and their toxicity on normal cells. The results showed that all three conjugates were active on promyelocytic leukemia cell lines HL60 but were less potent than 4-HPR. Notably, the mannosyl analog (5c) demonstrated significantly lower toxicity than 4-HPR, with a selectivity index close to 15 on HL60 cells, indicating its potential as a less toxic and effective antiproliferative agent.
10.1016/0040-4039(96)00314-0
The research investigates the retro-ene type fragmentation of allylic dithiolcarbonates. The study found that the formation of 2-alkenyl alkyl sulfides from S-(2-alkenyl) S-alkyl dithiocarbonates, with the extrusion of COS, is effectively catalyzed by Lewis acids. Phenolic compounds, such as p-nitrophenol, also showed catalytic activity, promoting the reaction through an SNi'-type mechanism involving the attack of the alkylthio group on the β-carbon atom of the allylic system, with simultaneous double bond shift and COS elimination. The use of aluminum catalysts, like AlCl3 and Me2AlCl, resulted in significant rate enhancements, with the reaction proceeding smoothly at room temperature to yield sulfides in high quantities. The research also involved molecular orbital calculations on a model reaction pathway of S-allyl S-methyl dithiocarbonate (2A) to establish the reaction mechanism. The calculations indicated that the reaction barrier was lowered in the presence of AlCl3 and that the nature of the concerted reaction mechanism remained unchanged. The study demonstrated that the fragmentation reaction of allylic dithiolcarbonates falls into the category of retro-ene type reaction, a thermally allowed pericyclic reaction proceeding through a six-membered nonionic cyclic transition state.
10.1021/jo5025464
The research focuses on the development of a general method for the preparation of active esters through palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of aryl bromides. The study explores the use of various oxygen nucleophiles, including N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), pentafluorophenol (PFP), hexafluoroisopropanol (HFP), 4-nitrophenol, and N-hydroxyphthalimide, to synthesize active esters with high functional group tolerance and good to excellent isolated yields. The methodology was further extended to access a synthetic precursor to the HIV-protease inhibitor, saquinavir. The experiments involved the use of a Pd catalyst, ligands, and carbon monoxide (CO) under specific conditions to achieve the desired transformations. The analyses used to characterize the products included 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, and HRMS, providing detailed spectral data to confirm the structures of the synthesized active esters.
10.1021/jm00172a029
This research aimed to develop a series of propenyl carboxamide derivatives as antagonists of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF), a phospholipid mediator involved in allergic and inflammatory diseases. The researchers synthesized and evaluated these compounds, which were conformationally constrained analogues of potent aryl-pentadienecarboxamides. The chemicals used in the synthesis included various aldehydes,(carbomethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane, sodium hydroxide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-nitrophenol, and specific amines, among others. The research concluded that the position of methoxy groups and the nature of the linking unit "A" significantly influenced the oral bioavailability and activity of the compounds, providing valuable insights for the design of PAF antagonists.
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