10.1002/hlca.200290026
The research focuses on the development of an efficient and convergent enantioselective synthesis of the bengamides, a family of antitumor agents derived from a common polyol thioester intermediate. The study involves consecutive aldol condensations to construct the protected polyol thioester side chain, which is then coupled to the bengamides. A novel chiral-phase-transfer-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation step is employed to synthesize the caprolactams necessary for more complex bengamide family members. The research utilizes various reactants, including polyol acids, chiral auxiliaries, and different protecting groups, and employs a range of analytical techniques such as NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry to monitor the progress and confirm the structures of the synthesized compounds. The experiments are designed to optimize the synthesis route, improve yields, and ensure the enantiomeric purity of the final products, which are crucial for their potential as therapeutic agents against drug-resistant solid tumors.
10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.047
The study focuses on the optimization of biaryl benzamides as selective HDAC1&2 inhibitors (SHI-1:2), which are potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. These inhibitors show a preference for HDAC1 and HDAC2 over other class I and II HDAC enzymes, which is hypothesized to be due to the binding of a pendant aromatic group in the internal cavity of HDAC1&2 enzymes. The chemicals used in the study include biaryl-phenol 1, which was identified as a potent HDAC1 enzyme inhibitor during high-throughput screening, and a series of synthesized biaryl benzamide derivatives such as SHI-1:2 2a and its analogs. These compounds were designed to minimize strong metal binding moieties and leverage structural data to enhance potency and selectivity. The purpose of these chemicals was to serve as starting points for structure-activity relationship (SAR) development, leading to the creation of potent and selective inhibitors with reduced off-target activity. The study also tested these compounds for their ability to inhibit tumor growth in a HCT-116 xenograft model, providing a foundation for the development of more effective and tolerable cancer therapeutics.
10.1021/jo00021a014
The research focuses on the modification of the Bischler-Napieralski reaction for the synthesis of 3-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines. The purpose of this study was to address the inefficiencies of the traditional Bischler-Napieralski reaction in synthesizing 3-arylisoquinolines, which are important intermediates for the synthesis of various isoquinoline alkaloids and potential medicinal agents. The researchers successfully developed a method that avoids the elimination of the amide group as a nitrile via the retro-Ritter reaction by converting it to an N-acyliminium intermediate with oxalyl chloride-FeCl3. This modification resulted in the formation of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines in moderate to high yields. The chemicals used in the process include (1,2-diphenylethyl)amides, oxalyl chloride, FeCl3, and various amide derivatives such as formamide, acetamide, benzamide, and phenylacetamide. The study concluded that this new method offers a highly effective synthetic route for the asymmetric synthesis of natural products and medicinal agents containing the 3-arylisoquinoline ring system and provides an alternative, mild method for the preparation of simple 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines.
10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00650
This research investigates the reactivity of organolithium reagents with various carbonyl compounds, specifically esters, amides, and ketones, using Rapid Injection NMR (RINMR) techniques. The purpose is to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and intermediates involved, as well as to understand the unusual reactivity patterns observed in these reactions. The study found that alkyllithium reagents react unexpectedly fast with amides compared to esters and ketones. Key chemicals used include 4-fluorophenyllithium (ArLi), n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), methyl benzoate (ester), and benzamide (amide). The researchers identified two reactive intermediates in the reaction of ArLi with esters: a homodimer of the tetrahedral intermediate and a mixed dimer with ArLi. They concluded that the ArLi dimer, rather than the monomer, is the reactive species in these reactions. The study also explored the potential synthetic applications of these findings, though limitations were noted due to the specific conditions required for the reactions to proceed efficiently.
10.1021/acs.joc.1c01090
The study presents a novel method for the regioselective ortho-alkenylation of primary benzamides with activated olefins using a Ru(II) catalyst. The key innovation lies in the use of a simple and weakly coordinating primary amide group as the directing group, which allows for the controlled introduction of olefin motifs at the ortho-position of benzamides without forming cyclized products. The reaction conditions were finely tuned to achieve excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity, and the protocol demonstrated good functional group tolerance and a wide substrate scope. The study also included detailed mechanistic investigations, suggesting that the reaction proceeds via a base-assisted internal electrophilic-type substitution (BIES) step. The developed method is cost-effective, as it uses an inexpensive Ru(II) salt and does not require preinstallation or removal of bulky auxiliaries, making it a sustainable and practical approach for organic synthesis.
10.1016/S0040-4020(01)91553-4
The research focuses on the alkylation reactions of carboxylate salts using sulfonium salts, with a particular emphasis on the influence of copper salts on these reactions. The study aims to understand the reactivity and selectivity of various alkyl groups attached to the sulfur in sulfonium salts and how the presence of copper(I) salts can significantly accelerate and enhance the selectivity of the reaction, especially favoring unsaturated residues. The researchers found that allylic sulfonium salts, in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper bromide, exclusively produce tertiary esters, indicating a strong influence of copper salts on the reaction's selectivity. The chemicals used in this process include various sulfonium salts, carboxylate salts, and copper(I) salts, with reactions often carried out in solvents such as acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of alkylation reactions and the role of copper salts in modulating reaction pathways, which could have implications for organic synthesis and mechanistic studies.