Refernces
10.1021/jo034719b
The research explores the chemoselectivity of electron-poor indoles in [4 + 2] cycloadditions, focusing on the competition between Diels-Alder (DA) and hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reactions. The study aims to demonstrate the influence of electronic and structural parameters on the reactivity of indoles, leading to either DA or HDA products. The researchers used various indole derivatives, such as indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-glyoxalate, and N-substituted indole-3-glyoxamides, along with dienes like 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and Danishefsky diene. The reactions were activated thermally, under high pressure, or with the aid of Lewis acids like zinc chloride and europium tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionate) (EuFOD). The conclusions highlight the ability to modulate the reactivity of the indole dienophile to favor either the classical DA process or the HDA reaction, with the products strongly depending on the type of electron-withdrawing substituent on the indole, the diene used, and the activation method. The study also reveals a remarkable reversal of chemoselectivity based on the number and nature of substituents on the acyclic nitrogen atom of the indole-3-glyoxamides.
10.1246/cl.1992.1843
The research aimed to develop an efficient method for the synthesis of selenocarbonyl compounds, including selenoaldehydes, selenoketones, and selenoamides, by treating carbonyl compounds with bis[1,5-cyclooctanediylboryl] selenide (reagent 1). The study focused on achieving a one-step conversion of carbonyl compounds to selenocarbonyl compounds, which is significant in organic chemistry due to the potential of B-Se bonds to react with oxygen functionalities. The researchers found that reagent 1 exhibited excellent selenating activity, particularly with benzaldehyde and sterically crowded ketones, leading to the efficient synthesis of selenocarbonyl compounds. Key chemicals used in the process included bis[1,5-cyclooctanediylboryl] selenide, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene for trapping selenoaldehydes and selenoketones, and various carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid derivatives. The conclusions drawn from the study indicated that the strong electronic interaction between the boron atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom played a substantial role in controlling the reactions, while steric factors had a less significant impact. The research also hinted at further synthetic expansions of reagent 1 to tellurium-transfer reagents and the application of diselenides in chiral auxiliaries for asymmetric syntheses, which are ongoing in the laboratory.
10.1002/chem.200903419
The research investigates the gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1-epoxy-1-alkynylcyclopropanes to produce a diverse array of complex oxacyclic products. Key chemicals involved in this study include cis-epoxides 1a and 1b, as well as their trans isomers 3a and 3b, which were used as substrates to illustrate the effect of epoxy substituents on the gold-catalyzed oxacyclization process. Gold(III) chloride (AuCl3) served as the catalyst, while water was used as a co-reagent. The study also utilized various dienes, such as 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, and enones like pent-1-en-3-one and oct-1-en-3-one, to achieve [4+2] cycloaddition reactions with the generated 1-oxyallyl cations. The resulting products, including bicyclic oxacyclic alcohols 2a and 2b, tricyclic compounds 5a and 6a, and other oxacyclic compounds like 7a–7d and 8, were characterized using techniques such as 1H NOE spectroscopy. The research highlights the stereoselectivity and diastereoselectivity of the gold-catalyzed reactions, particularly noting the high stereoselectivity observed with cis-epoxides compared to their trans analogues.