10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127635
The research aimed to synthesize and evaluate a series of octahedral homoleptic tin(IV) compounds derived from tridentate ONS dithiocarbazate Schiff bases for their potential cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines. The key chemicals used in the synthesis included tin(II) chloride, dithiocarbazate Schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and various substituted benzyl groups. The compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, and 119Sn), and X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to validate the experimental findings. The study concluded that five of the synthesized tin(IV) compounds exhibited higher cytotoxicity against HT29, MCF7, and MIA cancer cell lines compared to the reference drug cisplatin, suggesting their potential as chemotherapeutic agents. The research highlights the significance of ligand modification in enhancing the bioactivity of metal-based compounds for cancer therapy.
10.1021/jm00053a010
The study investigates a novel class of phenylenediamine-thiol-thioether (PhAT) ligands and their technetium-99m (???Tc) complexes for potential use as functional brain imaging agents. The ligands react with Na-???TcO? and SnCl? to form single, stable, neutral, and lipophilic ???Tc complexes. These complexes were evaluated for brain uptake and retention in rats, with several showing significant results. The study explores the structure-activity relationship of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl thioether derivatives, finding that the ethyl, allyl, and propargyl derivatives had high initial brain uptake and good retention. The research aims to identify a suitable brain perfusion imaging agent that accurately reflects regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
10.1246/cl.1994.941
The study reports the first synthesis of bisgermylene and bisstannylene with an acyclic structure. The synthesis was achieved through one-pot, two-step ligand substitution reactions starting from germanium and tin dichlorides. The key chemicals involved include 1,4-dioxane complexes of germanium dichloride (la) and tin dichloride (1b), lithium amide compounds derived from amines such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane and N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-p-phenylenediamine. These lithium amides played crucial roles in the ligand substitution steps. The products, bisgermylene (5a) and bisstannylene (5b), were isolated by crystallization from diethyl ether and were found to be stable at ambient temperatures under an inert atmosphere. The study also explored the oxidative addition of these compounds to organic halides like ethyl iodide and ethyl bromide, yielding products 6a and 6b, which were characterized by their melting points and NMR spectra. The research aims to extend the understanding of organometallic chemistry involving germanium and tin compounds and their potential applications in polymer synthesis and other organometallic reactions.
10.1002/chem.201404071
The research investigates the synthesis and properties of intramolecularly stabilized Group 10 metal stannyl and stannylene complexes, focusing on the reactions of [PdClMe(P^N)2] and [PtClMe(P^N)2] with SnCl2 and RSnCl3 (R=Me, Bu, Ph). The study aims to understand the formation and reactivity of these complexes, which are relevant to palladium- and platinum-catalyzed processes using SnCl2 as a co-catalyst. Key findings include the formation of methylstannylene species for Pd and both kinetic (methylplatinum) and thermodynamic (methylstannylene) products for Pt. The research also explores the influence of different P^N ligands on the reactivity and structure of the resulting complexes. The study concludes that the addition of SnCl2 leads to activation of the Pd–C or Pt–Cl bond, resulting in stannylene complexes, and proposes a pathway for the activation of tin reagents. The results suggest that the role of SnCl2 as a co-catalyst may involve alkyl transfer from the metal center to tin, which could have implications for improving the selectivity of Group 10 metal-catalyzed reactions.
10.1039/c2cc33740a
The research focuses on the synthesis and structural analysis of 1,4,5,8-tetraethynylnaphthalene derivatives (4a–c), which were synthesized for the first time. The study aimed to understand the steric repulsion reduction mechanisms in these overcrowded molecules with acetylene linkages. The experiments involved the use of various reactants, including lithium (trimethylsilyl)acetylide, 5,8-dibromo-1,4-naphthoquinone, SnCl2, and (trimethylsilyl)acetylene, among others, to synthesize the target compounds through a series of reactions like Sonogashira coupling. The synthesized compounds were characterized using X-ray crystallographic structure analysis, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra, and DFT calculations to elucidate their structures and conformational behaviors. The analyses revealed three different modes of distortion—expanding of substituents, twisting of the naphthalene skeleton, and bending of acetylene units—to reduce steric repulsion, with the crystal structures being stabilized by intermolecular C–H?π interactions.
10.1021/ol400318z
The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a new class of fully conjugated indenofluorenes, specifically indeno[2,1-c]fluorene derivatives, which contain an antiaromatic as-indacene core. The purpose of this study is to explore these molecules for their potential use in organic electronic devices due to their high electron affinities and broad absorption spectra that reach into the near-IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The researchers synthesized three derivatives of the indeno[2,1-c]fluorene scaffold, denoted as 5a-c, through nucleophilic attack on a dione precursor with aryl or ethynyl lithiate, followed by reductive dearomatization with anhydrous SnCl2. The resulting compounds were green in solution and displayed strong absorbances in the higher energy range with a broad, low energy absorbance extending into the near-IR region. The study concluded that these new molecules, due to their ease of manufacture, high electron affinities, and small HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, are attractive candidates for application in various organic electronic devices, particularly as n-type organic semiconducting materials with low threshold voltages.
10.1139/V08-183
The research presents a comprehensive study on the syntheses, X-ray structures, and redox behavior of group 14 bis-boraamidinates, specifically focusing on the complexes M[PhB(m-N-t-Bu)2]2 (where M = Ge, Sn) and Li2M[PhB(m-N-t-Bu)2]2 (where M = Sn, Pb). The purpose of the study was to investigate the redox transformations of these complexes and to explore the possibility of accessing cation radicals {M[PhB(m-N-t-Bu)2]2}+ (M = Si, Ge, Sn) through mild oxidation of the corresponding neutral precursors. The researchers used a variety of chemicals in their experiments, including PhBCl2, GeCl4, SnCl4, SnCl2, PbI2, t-BuNH2, SO2Cl2, and LiN(H)-tBu, among others. The conclusions drawn from the research were that the germanium complex was inert towards oxidizing agents, while the tin complex could be oxidized to form a thermally unstable blue radical cation. The study also characterized the structural and fluctional behavior of the synthesized heterotrimetallic complexes, revealing novel polycyclic arrangements and unique bonding modes within these complexes. The findings provide valuable insights into the electronic structures and potential applications of these group 14 complexes, highlighting the differences in their redox properties compared to their isoelectronic group 13 counterparts.
10.1002/hlca.19700530639
The research aimed to synthesize 5-chloro-6-methyl-salicylic acid methyl ether, a degradation product of the antibiotic chlorothricin, starting from 2-nitro-5-hydroxy-toluene. The purpose was to confirm the structure of the degradation product through a definitive synthesis process. The researchers achieved this by undergoing a series of chemical reactions involving various intermediates, including 4-nitro-m-kresol, 2-brom-3-methyl-4-nitro-anisol, 2-brom-3-methyl-4-amino-anisol, and 2-brom-4-chlor-3-methyl-anisol, among others. The final product, 5-chloro-6-methyl-salicylsaure-methylather, was obtained through a Grignard reaction and subsequent reactions with carbon dioxide. The synthesized product was confirmed to be identical to the degradation product of chlorothricin through spectroscopic comparison with the actual degradation product. The chemicals used in this process included bromide, methylating agents, tin(II) chloride, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, copper(I) chloride, and magnesium, among others, along with various solvents and reagents necessary for the synthesis and purification steps.
10.1002/anie.200703409
The study focuses on the synthesis and properties of poly(anthrylenebutadiynylene)s (PABs), a new class of anthracene-based polymers. The researchers used a precursor-based approach involving reductive aromatization of dihydroacenediols to create these polymers. Monomers 2a–2d, derived from anthraquinones 1a–1d, were synthesized with various substituents to enhance polymer solubility and modify electronic properties. Homocoupling reactions catalyzed by palladium and copper, with benzoquinone as an oxidant, produced high-molecular-weight polymers 3a–3d. These precursors were then aromatized using tin(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid to yield PABs 4a–4d. The study found that PABs exhibit red-shifted absorption and emission spectra compared to conventional polymers, with band gaps as low as 1.5 eV for alkoxy-substituted polymer 4d. This polymer also showed unique redox behavior and high conductivity upon oxidation. The research highlights the potential of PABs for optoelectronic applications due to their low band gaps and stability.
10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.11.006
The research focuses on the development and evaluation of a series of bis-2,5-[4-guanidinophenyl]thiophenes as potential antiparasitic agents. The researchers synthesized these compounds through a five-step process starting from 2,5-bis[trimethylstannyl]thiophene, involving Stille coupling, reduction, and subsequent reactions to introduce guanidino groups. Key chemicals used in the synthesis include 4-bromonitrobenzene, stannous chloride, ethyl isothiocyanatoformate, and various amines for N-alkyl and N-aryl substitutions. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their DNA affinity and in vitro efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. b. r.), Plasmodium falciparum (P. f.), Leishmania donovani (L. d.), and Trypanosoma cruzi (T. c.), as well as in vivo efficacy against T. b. r. in a mouse model. The results showed that certain compounds exhibited promising in vitro activity against T. b. r. and P. f., with some demonstrating superior in vivo activity against T. b. r. compared to existing drugs like pentamidine and furamidine. The study concludes that these bis-2,5-[4-guanidinophenyl]thiophenes merit further investigation as potential new treatments for parasitic diseases due to their strong DNA affinity and effective antiparasitic activity.
Xi,
C
