Xi:刺激性物质‖F;
7440-31-5Relevant articles and documents
Gutmann, V.
, (1955)
Bimodal microstructure and reaction mechanism of Ti2SnC synthesized by a high-temperature reaction using Ti/Sn/C and Ti/Sn/TiC powder compacts
Li, Shi-Bo,Bei, Guo-Ping,Zhai, Hong-Xiang,Zhou, Yang
, p. 3617 - 3623 (2006)
High purity of titanium tin carbide (Ti2SnC) powder was fabricated by pressureless sintering two types of mixtures of Ti/Sn/C and Ti/Sn/TiC powders under different conditions. A bimodal microstructure of Ti2SnC with plate-like and rod-like forms was first observed, which is determined by the grain growth rate in different planes, the C particle's size, and the growth environment. Based on the microstructure observation, a reaction model was proposed to understand the reaction mechanism for the formation of Ti2SnC. Further investigation of the thermal stability of Ti2SnC demonstrates that Ti2SnC decomposes to TiC and Sn in vacuum atmosphere at 1250 C.
Electrochemical nitriding of Sn in LiCl-KCl-Li3N systems
Goto, Takuya,Ito, Yasuhiko
, p. 418 - 421 (2005)
Electrochemical nitriding of a liquid phase tin metal has experimentally been confirmed by using the oxidation of nitride ions in molten LiCl-KCl-Li 3N melts according to the following reactions:N3-=Nads+3e-Nads+Sn= SnNx From the XPS analysis, N 1s signal and Sn 3d signals are observed, which corresponds to the formation of SnNx, after conducting argon ion sputtering for 1000 s. This showed that a thick and stable nitride film was formed by electrochemical nitriding.
Thermolysis specifics of Tin(IV) and Tin(II) complex derivatives: Thermolysis of (Acac)2SnX2 (X = Cl, N3), (CO)5MSnCl2(thf) (M = Cr, Mo, W), (CO) 5MSn(Acac)2, (CO)5MSn
Dobrokhotova,Koroteev,Novotortsev,Egorov,Nefedov
, p. 1109 - 1119 (2007)
Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry are used to study the thermolysis of following complexes: (Acac)2Sn(N3)Cl (1); (Acac)2SnCl2 (2); (CO)5MSn(Acac) 2 with M = Cr (3) or W
Development of lead free pulse electrodeposited tin based composite solder coating reinforced with ex situ cerium oxide nanoparticles
Sharma, Ashutosh,Bhattacharya, Sumit,Das, Siddhartha,Fecht,Das, Karabi
, p. 609 - 616 (2013)
Pure Sn and Sn-CeO2 nanocomposite films have been pulse electrodeposited from an aqueous electrolyte containing stannous chloride (SnCl2-2H2O) and triammonium citrate (C6H 17N3O7). The codeposition is achieved by adding different amounts of ball milled CeO2 nanopowders (1-30 g/L) with a mean particle size of ～30 nm to the electrolyte. Microstructural characterizations have been carried out by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructural observations show that a uniform microstructure is obtained at a concentration of ～6 wt% CeO 2 in the deposits corresponding to 15 g/L CeO2 in electrolyte. Thus, incorporation of an optimum amount of CeO2 in a composite provides better mechanical, and wear and friction properties, without sacrificing the electrical resistivity significantly.
Electrodeposited tin coating as negative electrode material for lithium-ion battery in room temperature molten salt
Fung,Zhu
, p. A319-A324 (2002)
A new room temperature molten salt (RTMS) [1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium/AlCl3/SnCl2 (3:2:0.5)] was developed for depositing tin on a copper electrode. Different tin crystallites were deposited at different temperatures, giving widely different performances of the assembled lithium cell [Sn (Cu)/LiCl buffered MEICl-AlCl3 RTMS/lithium]. Tin film deposited at 50°C or higher gave a more desirable crystal structure and an improved performance than films obtained at lower temperatures. Both cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling show the formation of three major lithium-tin alloy phases corresponding to the phase transition of LiSn/Li7Sn3, Li13Sn5/Li7Sn2, and Li7Sn2/Li22Sn5. Increases in the charging and discharging capacities were found with the deposition of higher lithium-rich tin alloys, though at the degradation of the irreversible capacity at the first cycle. The discharging capacity decreased rapidly, producing loose, expanded, and irregular crystallites upon cycling at a high current density (cd) (1.0 mA/cm2). However, an average capacity of 140 mAh/g, coulombic efficiency around 85%, and more than 200 cycles were obtained at a low cd (0.4 mA/cm2). The improvement is attributed to the deposition of small and regular tin crystallites that allows reversible insertion and removal of lithium from a more stable crystal structure without a significant volume change during cycling.
Deventer, J. S. J. van
, p. 109 - 118 (1988)
Gibb, T.,Greenwood, N. N.,Mortimer, B.,McColm, I. J.
, p. 2819 - 2827 (1971)
The Chemical Preparation of Tin Organosol
Ichiba, Sumio,Ono, Hiroaki,Kawasaki, Shunji,Nakagawa, Sakae,Yamada, Masaaki
, p. 2837 - 2838 (1983)
A stable colloidal tin suspension in an organic solvent was prepared by the chemical reduction of tin(II) chloride with sodium tetrahydridoborate in the presence of a protective agent.The tin organosol was examined by means of the Moessbauer absorption spectra of 119Sn in the frozen solution and by means of an electron microscope.
Gauzzi, F.,Verdini, B.,Maddalena, A.,Principi, G.
, p. 1 - 8 (1985)
Chemical interaction of Cu-In, Cu-Sn, and Cu-Bi solid solutions with liquid Ga-In and Ga-Sn eutectics
Ancharov,Grigorieva,Tsybulya,Boldyrev
, p. 1058 - 1064 (2006)
The reactions of copper-based Cu-In, Cu-Sn, and Cu-Bi solid solutions with liquid Ga-In and Ga-Sn eutectics have been studied in situ by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the dynamics of the process and the phase composition, grain
Organic compounds for preparing lustrous tin coatings
Medvedev,Makrushin,Dubenkov
, p. 1799 - 1803 (2002)
Organic compounds for preparing lustrous tin coatings were selected taking into account their ionization potential. The best electrolyte composition for plating these coatings was determined.
Deseda, M. A.,Hume, D. N.,Glamm, A. C.,Ford, D. D. de
, p. 983 - 984 (1953)
MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY OF ELECTRODEPOSITED TIN-NICKEL ALLOYS AND THERMALLY PREPARED Ni3Sn2, NiSn, and Ni3Sn4.
Leidheiser Jr.,Czako-Nagy,Varsanyi,Vertes
, p. 204 - 208 (1979)
Stoichiometric mixtures equivalent to Ni//3Sn//4, NiSn, and Ni//3Sn//2 were prepared from the melt. The value of the isomer shift, characteristic of the s-electron density at the tin nucleus, was a linear function of the tin concentration, decreasing with increase in nickel concentration. Electrodeposited NiSn yielded a Moessbauer spectrum similar to the thermally prepared material. Alloys containing more than 50 atomic percent (a/o) tin electrodeposited on copper substrates yielded Moessbauer spectra in which elemental tin, a nickel-tin alloy, and a copper-tin alloy were detected. The relative amounts of the constituents varied with the composition of the deposit. No copper-tin intermetallic compound is observed when the deposited alloy had compositions approximating NiSn.
Shmirous, K.
, (1954)
Photoionization mass spectrometric study of neutral species from pulsed laser ablation of SnO2
Reid
, p. 517 - 523 (1999)
We report the application of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) to probe neutral species generated in the 532 nm laser ablation of sintered SnO2 targets. The major (>90%) Sn containing species are of composition (SnO)x (x=1,2,3), with near-natural abundance isotopic distributions. The translational energy distribution was determined for each product and compared to a Maxwellian velocity distribution. The utility of VUV PIMS as a universal probe of neutral species produced in laser ablation is discussed.
Physicochemical and functional peculiarities of metal oxide whiskers
Goodilin,Pomerantseva,Semenenko,Kocherginskaya,Itkis,Kulova,Skundin,Leonova,Dobrovol'Skii, Yu. A.,Rumyantseva,Gas'Kov,Balakhonov,Churagulov,Tretyakova, Yu. D.
, p. 1042 - 1053 (2008)
Practical aspects of preparation and prospects for practical use of a series of the metal oxide whiskers were studied. The procedures for the synthesis were proposed, and the phase composition, micromorphology, and electrochemical and sensor characteristics of the macroscopic (up to 5-10 mm long) whiskers in the Ba-V-O, Ba-Mn-O, and Sn-O systems were analyzed. The electroconducting BaV8O21-δ whiskers were prepared by the hydrothermal treatment. These whiskers possess stable electrochemical characteristics appropriate for the development of novel secondary current sources. The protonated form of the Ba6Mn24O48 whiskers produced by the isothermal vaporization of chloride fluxes is a mixed conductor with the proton and electron conductivity at a level of mS units at 25 °C. A new procedure by the thermal disproportionation of tin(ii) oxide under nitrogen was proposed for the growth of SnO2 whiskers of various morphology. The produced whiskers have substantial sensor sensitivity toward a series of toxic components of the gaseous medium, such as nitrogen dioxide.
Synthesis and stability of Sn(II)-containing perovskites: (Ba,SnII)HfIVO3 versus (Ba,SnII)SnIVO3
Broughton, Rachel,Gabilondo, Eric A.,Jones, Jacob L.,Maggard, Paul A.,O'Donnell, Shaun
, (2021)
While Sn(II)-containing perovskite oxides have long drawn attention as Pb(II) substitutes in technologically-relevant dielectric materials, they are also highly thermodynamically unstable and potentially impossible to prepare. Investigations into the new flux-mediated syntheses of metastable Sn(II)-containing hafnate and stannate perovskites were aimed at understanding the key factors related to their synthesizability. The BaHfO3 perovskite was reacted with SnClF from 250 to 350 ?°C for 12–72 ?h, yielding an unprecedented Sn(II) concentration on the A-site of up to ~70 ?mol%, i.e., (Ba0.3Sn0.7)HfO3 in high purity. Elemental mapping using EDS shows the Sn(II) cations diffuse gradually throughout the crystallites, with two reaction cycles needed to give a nearly homogeneous distribution. In contrast, similar reactions with BaSnO3 and as little as 10 ?mol% Sn(II) result in decomposition to SnO, SnO2, and BaSnO3. The (Ba1-xSnx)HfO3 compositions exhibit a primary cubic perovskite structure (Pm3ˉm; for x ?= ?1/3, 1/2 and 2/3) by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, with the Sn(II) cations substituted on the A-site. Total energy calculations show the thermodynamic instability versus the ground state (i.e., metastability) for (Ba1-xSnx)HfO3 increases with Sn(II) substitution, reaching a maximum of ~446 ?meV atom?1 at ~70 ?mol% Sn(II). The decomposition pathway of (Ba1/3Sn2/3)HfO3 was probed by ex situ XRD as well as in situ electron microscopy methods. An onset of thermally-induced decomposition begins at ~350–400 ?°C to give the more stable oxides which are found to segregate out in surface layers. These results help to elucidate the factors underpinning the synthesizability of highly metastable Sn(II)-containing perovskites, which increases with their cohesive energy and with the absence of lower-energy polymorphs or other ground states that can be reached without significant ion diffusion.
Electrodeposition of mesoporous tin films
Whitehead, Adam H.,Elliott, Joanne M.,Owen, John R.,Attard, George S.
, p. 331 - 332 (1999)
Mesoporous metallic tin has been electrodeposited, from the homogeneous hexagonal mesophase of a series of amphiphilic non-ionic surfactants, with a controllable repeat structure in the range of 5-10 nm.
An unexpected dependence on the SnII base; Reactions of Sn(NR2)2 with aromatic dithiols
Melen, Rebecca L.,McPartlin, Mary,Wright, Dominic S.
, p. 1649 - 1651 (2011)
Unexpectedly, the reactions of the SnII base Sn(NMe 2)2 with 1,2-benzodithiols [L(SH)2] do not give the stannylenes, L(S)2Sn, which are generated with Sn{N(SiMe 3)2}2, instead the ion-separated Sn IV compounds [Sn{L(S)2}]2- 2[R 2NH2]+ are formed in high yields.
Structural and morphological modifications of a nanosized 62 atom percent Sn-Ni thin film anode during reaction with lithium
Mukaibo, Hitomi,Momma, Toshiyuki,Mohamedi, Mohamed,Osaka, Tetsuya
, p. A560-A565 (2005)
Nanosized electrodeposited 62 atom % Sn-Ni alloy was tested to highlight the effects of volume changes on the cycling life of the electrode during lithiation and delithiation. X-ray diffraction showed that the Ni 3Sn4 was the main phase of the as-deposited alloy. A unique feature of the 62 atom % Sn-Ni is that it exhibited a capacity recovery upon cycling. When cycled galvanostatically, the Sn62Ni38 offers low capacity fade while reversibly incorporating lithium up to 600 mAh/g. At the first charge LiSn alloy phases are formed. This led to volume expansion of the electrode causing the formation of cracks. At the following cycles the Ni3Sn4, phase was restored and preserved over extensive cycling revealing the reversibility of the reaction between Ni 3Sn4, and Li+. As to the reasons of the capacity recovery noticed with this alloy, scanning electron microscopy images provided evidence of modifications of the surface condition accompanying a volume change during cycling. The chemical diffusion coefficient (D Li) value determined from electrochemical impedence spectroscopy measurements during lithium insertion was within 10-9 to 10 -10 cm2 s-1.
Electrodeposition of Ni, Sn and Ni-Sn alloy coatings from pyrophosphate-glycine bath
Lacnjevac,Jovic,Jovic
, p. D310-D318 (2012)
In this work the electrodeposition of Ni, Sn and Ni-Sn alloy from the solution containing pyrophosphate andor glycine has been investigated by cyclic voltammmetry (CV), potentiostatic pulse and polarization curve measurements on two substrates, Ni and GC.
Superconducting proximity effect in single-crystal Sn nanowires
Liu, Haidong,Ye, Zuxin,Zhang, Hong,Wu, Wenhao,Luo, Zhiping,Rathnayaka,Naugle
, p. 1542 - 1543 (2008)
An in situ template-based electrochemical method was used to fabricate single-crystal Sn nanowires, of 6 μm in length and 30-200 nm in diameter, in contact with two bulk film electrodes of Au, Sn, or Pb. Superconductivity in these Sn nanowires was found t
Colin, R.,Drowart, J.
, p. 1120 - 1125 (1962)
Structure and applications of organotin complex based on trimethyltin cation and quinaldic acid
El-bendary, Mohamed M.,Etaiw, Safaa El-din H.
, (2018)
The reaction between aqueous solution of Me3SnCl and acetonitrile solution of quinaldic acid (quinH) at room temperature affords a new organotin complex, [Me3Sn(quinH)(quin)]?6H2O (1). Complex 1 was structurally characterized using infrared, UV–visible and NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The network structure of 1 is developed by a limitless number of discrete mononuclear molecules forming a one-dimensional chain via hydrogen bonds. Extensive hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking associate the one-dimensional chains creating a two-dimensional array. The two-dimensional arrays are additionally associated via hydrogen bonds through the water molecules and the methyl groups forming a three-dimensional network. The cytotoxic impact of 1 on the viability of MCF-7 cells was also examined using MTT assay, exhibiting great inhibiting action against MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the catalytic degradation performance of 1 towards methylene blue dye in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant was investigated. The reaction is first order with respect to methylene blue dye.
Acid–Base Interaction Enhancing Oxygen Tolerance in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Li, Pengsong,Lu, Xu,Malpass-Evans, Richard,McKeown, Neil B.,Sun, Xiaoming,Wang, Hailiang,Wu, Yueshen,Wu, Zishan
supporting information, p. 10918 - 10923 (2020/04/27)
Hybrid electrodes with improved O2 tolerance and capability of CO2 conversion into liquid products in the presence of O2 are presented. Aniline molecules are introduced into the pore structure of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity to expand its gas separation functionality beyond pure physical sieving. The chemical interaction between the acidic CO2 molecule and the basic amino group of aniline renders enhanced CO2 separation from O2. Loaded with a cobalt phthalocyanine-based cathode catalyst, the hybrid electrode achieves a CO Faradaic efficiency of 71 percent with 10 percent O2 in the CO2 feed gas. The electrode can still produce CO at an O2/CO2 ratio as high as 9:1. Switching to a Sn-based catalyst, for the first time O2-tolerant CO2 electroreduction to liquid products is realized, generating formate with nearly 100 percent selectivity and a current density of 56.7 mA cm?2 in the presence of 5 percent O2.
Synthesis, characterization of active Sn(0), and its application in selective propargylation of aldehyde at room temperature in water
Chatterjee, Paresh Nath,Paul, Dipankar,Sawkmie, Micky Lanster,Sinha, Arun Kumar,Khatua, Snehadrinarayan
supporting information, p. 29 - 36 (2019/01/10)
Active Sn(0) particles are synthesized in high yields by the chemical reduction of the blue-black stannous oxide using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as reducing agent at 40 °C and 60 °C. The Sn(0) particles are characterized using powder XRD, SEM, and DSC. The as-synthesized Sn(0) particles are applied as reagent for the regioselective synthesis of homopropargyl alcohols from propargyl bromide and aldehydes in distilled water at room temperature (in 50%-84% yields). No assistance of heat, microwave, ultrasound, organic co-solvent, co-reagent, or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The propargylation reaction is highly chemoselective towards aldehyde over other less electrophilic carbonyl functional groups such as ketone, amide, and carboxylic acid. Our in-house synthesized homopropargyl alcohols can be used to synthesize conjugated 1,3-diynes.
