7440-31-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Tin
• Synonyms: Tin Powder;C.I.77860;C.I. Pigment Metal 5;G-Sn;Metallic tin;PO 1;PO 2;SNE 06PB;SilverMatt Powder;Sn-HWQ;Sn-S 200;Sn-S-HWQ;TEGO 30;TEGO 60;Tin Flake;Tin Paste62-1177;Tin element;W-Sn;Wang;Tin granular;AT-SN
• CAS NO: 7440-31-5
• Molecular Formula: Sn
• Molecular Weight: 118.71
• EINECS: 231-141-8
• Mol File: 7440-31-5.mol
• Article Data: 856

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 231.9-233℃
• Boiling Point: 2270 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 2270°C
• Appearance: silver-white to grey powder or lump
• Density: 7.3 g/cm³
• Water Solubility: H2O: soluble
• CAS DataBase Reference: Tin(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Tin(7440-31-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Tin(7440-31-5)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi:刺激性物质‖F
• Statements: R37/38:对呼吸道和皮肤有刺激作用‖R36/37/38
• Safety Statements: S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7440-31-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

InChI:InChI=1/Sn

Synthetic route

2C6H18NSi2(1-)*C12H22N2Si2(2-)*2Sn(2+) + tin(ll) chloride → tin (7440-31-5) + {((CH3)3Si)2NSnCl2NSi(CH3)3}2C6H4 (157201-33-7)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; benzene-d6 7 d at 20°C;	A n/a B 100%

tin(IV) oxide → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Al2O3; reaction of SnO2 and Al to Sn and Al2O3 after passing in over a blower flame;;	96%
With Al In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Al2O3; reaction of SnO2 and Al to Sn and Al2O3 after passing in over a blower flame;;	96%
With carbon monoxide In neat (no solvent) intermediate formation of solid SnO at reduction with CO at 600-850°C;;

calcium metastannate → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
With iron In not given pptn.; no Sb, no As, 0.16% Fe, 0.053% Al;	95%
With Fe In not given pptn.; no Sb, no As, 0.16% Fe, 0.053% Al;	95%
With hydrogenchloride; aluminium In hydrogenchloride leaching (HCl soln.) at ambient temp.; pptn. (Al plates); washing; melting; content: 0.89% Sb, 0.036% As, 0.022% Fe, 0.024% Al;	94.5%
With HCl; Al In hydrogenchloride leaching (HCl soln.) at ambient temp.; pptn. (Al plates); washing; melting; content: 0.89% Sb, 0.036% As, 0.022% Fe, 0.024% Al;	94.5%

stannous fluoride → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chromium In melt byproducts: CrF2;	95%
In hydrogen fluoride Electrolysis; Pt cathode, Sn anode; 29-30°C, 1 A/dm**2 with different additives;
With lithium fluoride In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Li3VF6; formation of Sn and Li3VF6 in a mixture with LiF with metallic V;;

sodium stannate(II) + tin(II) oxide → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 40℃; for 16h; Temperature;	95%

vanadocene + dibutyltin dibenzoate (5847-54-1) → tin (7440-31-5) + 2C5H5(1-)*2V(3+)*4OCOC6H5(1-) = [(C5H5)V(OCOC6H5)2]2 + (Benzoyloxy)tributylstannan (4342-36-3) + dibutyltin (1191-48-6) + cyclopenta-1,3-diene (542-92-7)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene molar ratio Cp2V/Sn-compound 1/2, sealed ampoule, 20°C, 24 h;	A n/a B 94% C n/a D n/a E 84%

3,4-dimercaptotoluene (496-74-2) + tin(II) dimethylamide (55853-40-2) → tin (7440-31-5) + [Me2NH2]2[Sn(toluene-3,4-dithiolato)3]

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran a soln. of Sn compd. added to a soln. of ligand at room temp.; filtered, crystd. at room temp. for 1 h; elem. anal.;	A n/a B 94%

1,2-dimethoxyethane (110-71-4) + ytterbium + diphenyltin(IV) dichloride (1135-99-5) → tin (7440-31-5) + YbCl2(tetrahydrofuran)2 (145447-65-0) + Yb2Cl2(CH3OCH2CH2OCH3)6(2+)*2((C6H5)3Sn)3Sn(1-)={Yb2Cl2(CH3OCH2CH2OCH3)6}{((C6H5)3Sn)3Sn}2

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran absence of air; stirring (room temp., 12 h), evapn. (vac.), dissoln. in DME, then 10 h (room temp.); crystn. (-10°C, 24 h); elem. anal.;	A 81.94% B 92.54% C 75.39%

phenyltin trichloride (1124-19-2) + ytterbium → tin (7440-31-5) + bis(triphenylstannyl)tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)ytterbium + YbCl2(tetrahydrofuran)2 (145447-65-0)

Conditions	Yield
With THF In tetrahydrofuran absence of air; stirring (room temp., 30 h); filtration off of YbCl2(THF)2 and Sn, evapn. (vac.), washing (hexane), recrystn. (THF);	A 52.75% B 65.59% C 89.53%

bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Sn (68757-81-3) → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: pentamethylcyclopentadiene; a stoich. amt. of cut-up K was added under Ar to a soln. of stannocene in THF, mixt. was stirred at room temp. for 45 min; no initial stannocene was observed after the reaction; solvent was evapd., residue was extd. with petroleum ether, ext. was analyzed for remaining stannocene by (1)H NMR, insoluble material was treated with MeOH, elemental Sn was filtered and dried, soln. was examined for C5Me5H spectroscopically;	89%
With sodium In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: pentamethylcyclopentadiene; a stoich. amt. of cut-up Na was added under Ar to a soln. of stannocene in THF, mixt. was stirred at room temp. for 25 h; no initial stannocene was observed after the reaction; solvent was evapd., residue was extd. with petroleum ether, ext. was analyzed for remaining stannocene by (1)H NMR, insoluble material was treated with MeOH, elemental Sn was filtered and dried, soln. was examined for C5Me5H spectroscopically;	81%
With lithium In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: pentamethylcyclopentadiene; a stoich. amt. of cut-up Li was added under Ar to a soln. of stannocene in THF, mixt. was stirred at room temp. for 7 d; 63% of initial material remained unchanged; solvent was evapd., residue was extd. with petroleum ether, ext. was analyzed for remaining stannocene by (1)H NMR, insoluble material was treated with MeOH, elemental Sn was filtered and dried, soln. was examined for C5Me5H spectroscopically;	<1

sodium tetraphenyl borate (143-66-8) + tin(ll) chloride → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane Irradiation (UV/VIS); under Ar; mole ratio NaBPh4 : SnCl2 = 2 : 1; irradn. (254 nm) for 8 h gave deposition of Sn; deposit sepd., washed with acetone and water, and dried in vac. to give pure Sn;	80%

stannous fluoride + silicon (7440-21-3) → tin (7440-31-5) + silicon tetrafluoride (7783-61-1)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of Si with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Si=2.00) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.00 h at 250°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 76.8% B n/a

trimethyltin(IV)chloride (1066-45-1) → tin (7440-31-5) + hexamethyldistannane (661-69-8) + trimethylstannane (1631-73-8)

Conditions	Yield
With NdI2; THF In tetrahydrofuran Me3SnCl in THF added under stirring at -60°C to NdI2 in THF; warmed to room temp.; stirred for 30 min; filtered off; dried; dissolved in water again; analyzed by GLC;	A 74% B 11% C 7%

tin(II) dimethylamide (55853-40-2) + 1,2-benzenedithiole (17534-15-5) → tin (7440-31-5) + [Me2NH2]2[Sn(benzene-1,2-dithiolato)3]

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran a soln. of Sn compd. added to a soln. of ligand at -78°C; filtered, evapd. (vac.), dissolved in MeCN, crystd. at room temp. for 1 h; elem. anal.;	A n/a B 72%

vanadocene + dibutyltin dibenzoate (5847-54-1) → tin (7440-31-5) + 2C5H5(1-)*2V(3+)*4OCOC6H5(1-) = [(C5H5)V(OCOC6H5)2]2 + (Benzoyloxy)tributylstannan (4342-36-3) + cyclopenta-1,3-diene (542-92-7)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene molar ratio Cp2V/Sn-compound 1/1, sealed ampoule, 20°C, 24 h; ppt. of V-complex washing (toluene), drying; elem. anal.; solvent removal, fractioning;	A n/a B 67% C 28% D 37%

stannous fluoride + zirconium (7440-67-7) → tin (7440-31-5) + zirconium(IV) fluoride (851363-60-5, 7783-64-4)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of Zr with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Zr=2.10) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.50 h at 240°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 66.5% B n/a

tetraethyltin (597-64-8) → tin (7440-31-5) + ethane (74-84-0) + ethene (74-85-1) + n-butane (106-97-8)

Conditions	Yield
byproducts: H2; 400°C for 4 h in closed tube;	A n/a B 57% C 4% D 21.5%
other Radiation; X-ray;
Irradiation (UV/VIS); 80°C;

tin(II) oxide → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium stannate(II) at 20℃; for 120h;	54%
With sodium hydroxide In sodium hydroxide Electrochem. Process; Sn electrodeposition from soln. of SnO in 4 M NaOH on Sn working electrode; Pt counter electrode, Ag/AgCl/satd. KCl reference eelctrode;
With silicon In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; redn. of SnO by Si;;

sodium tetraphenyl borate (143-66-8) + tin(ll) chloride + copper(ll) bromide (7789-45-9) → tin (7440-31-5) + copper (12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane Irradiation (UV/VIS); under Ar; mole ratios NaBPh4 : SnCl2 : CuBr2 = 4 : 1 : 1; irradn. (254 nm) for 14 h gave deposition of Co and Cu;	A 49% B 49%

tri-n-butyl-tin hydride (688-73-3) + 13,13-Dimethyl-1,10-diphenyl-13-silatricyclo<8.2.1.0Δ2,9>trideca-11-en (86840-61-1) → tin (7440-31-5) + bis(tri-n-butyltin) (813-19-4) + tetra-n-butyltin(IV) (1461-25-2) + (tri(n-butyl)stannyl)dimethylsilane (27490-31-9)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); 2.5 h at 200°C; dissolved (C6D6); Sn septd.; not isolated; detected by NMR; gas chromatography;	A 14% B 10% C <1 D 45%

carbon oxide sulfide (463-58-1) + bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)tin(II) (55147-78-9) → tin (7440-31-5) + Sn4(μ4-O)(μ2-OSiMe3)5(η1-N=C=S) (1257217-06-3)

Conditions	Yield
In hexane byproducts: ((CH3)3Si)2NH, (CH3)3SiOSi(CH3)3, (CH3)3SiNCS; (Ar); soln. of tin complex in hexane was placed in bomb at -100°C, OCS was added, stirred and warmed to 25°C, stirred overnight; cooled to -78°C excess OCS was removed in vac., filtered, washed with pentane, crystal were obtained from filtrate, elem. anal.;	A n/a B 39%

stannous fluoride + vanadium (7440-62-2) → tin (7440-31-5) + vanadium(III) fluoride (10049-12-4)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of V with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:V=2.68) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.50 h at 240°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 21.6% B n/a

stannous fluoride + niobium → tin (7440-31-5) + niobium pentafluoride (7783-68-8)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of Nb with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Nb=6.42) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.50 h at 240°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 19.8% B n/a

stannous fluoride + titanium (7440-32-6) → tin (7440-31-5) + titanium(IV) fluoride (7783-63-3)

Conditions	Yield
In melt Kinetics; placing of mixt. of Ti with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Ti=4.04) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.00 h at 230°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 13.8% B n/a

tantalum + stannous fluoride → tin (7440-31-5) + tantalum pentafluoride (7783-71-3)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of Ta with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Ta=1.46) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.00 h at 240°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 9.2% B n/a

chromium(0) hexacarbonyl (199620-14-9, 13007-92-6) + [2.2.2]cryptande (23978-09-8) + tin(ll) chloride → tin (7440-31-5) + 2K(1+)*2C18H36N2O6*Cl2Sn(Cr(CO)5)2(2-)={K(C18H36N2O6)}2(Cl2Sn(Cr(CO)5)2) + 2K(1+)*2C18H36N2O6*Sn6(Cr(CO)5)6(2-)={K(C18H36N2O6)}2Sn6(Cr(CO)5)6

Conditions	Yield
With KC8 In tetrahydrofuran add. of Cr(CO)6 to a suspension of KC8 under Ar at -70°C, stirring (-70°C, 1 h; 0°C, 2 h), addn. of anhydr. SnCl2 at -70°C, addn. of cryptand after 0.5 h stirring, warming to 0°C; filtn. through Kieselgur, concg. in high-vac., layering (15°C, Et2O, pentane), after 7 days Sn seperates;	A n/a B n/a C 7%

stannous fluoride + chromium (7440-47-3) → tin (7440-31-5) + chromium(III) fluoride (7788-97-8)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of Cr with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Cr=2.05) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.75 h at 230°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 6.8% B n/a

cassiterite → tin (7440-31-5)

Conditions	Yield
In melt in presence of WO3;	1.5%
In melt in presence of WO3;	1.5%
With anthracite 850-900°C;

stannous fluoride + aluminium (7429-90-5) → tin (7440-31-5) + aluminum(III) fluoride (7784-18-1)

Conditions	Yield
In melt placing of mixt. of Al with SnF2 (molar ratio SnF2:Al=1.65) in Fluoroplast-4 ampule, closing by screwed stopper, exposition for 1.00 h at 250°C; various product ratio yields for various conditions; cooling, stirring up in water, collection, drying;	A 1.5% B n/a

oxygen (80937-33-3) + tin(II) oxide → tin (7440-31-5) + tin(IV) oxide

Conditions	Yield
SnO was oxidized at 612-1030 K;	A 1% B n/a

tin (7440-31-5) + methyl bromide (74-83-9) → tetramethylstannane (594-27-4)

Conditions	Yield
With {(C2H5)4N}Br In acetonitrile Electrolysis; Sn-cathode, 50°C;	100%
With {(C2H5)4N}Br In acetonitrile Electrolysis; Sn-cathode, 50°C;	100%
In water; acetonitrile Electrolysis; Sn-cathode, Pt-anode, 0.25 M Et4NClO4 in MeCN/water=7:1, 25°C, 10mA/cm**(-2); gas chromy.;

tin (7440-31-5) + nickel (7440-02-0) + sulfur (7704-34-9) + 1,2-diaminopropan (78-90-0, 10424-38-1) → [Ni(1,2-diaminopropane)3]2Sn2S6*2H2O

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) High Pressure; prepd. under solvothermal conditions; reactants weighted in ratio of 1 Ni:1 Sn:3 S, heated in sealed Teflon-lined steel autoclave in pure 1,2-diaminopropane for 7 d at 140°C; elem. anal.;	100%

selenium (7782-49-2) + tin (7440-31-5) + caesium selenide + phosphorus → P4Se12Sn(4-)*4Cs(1+)

Conditions	Yield
at 250 - 650℃; for 20h; Sealed tube;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.4Sn0.4Sb0.13Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0286Sn0286In0143Sb0143Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.72Sn0.08In0067Sb0067Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.24Sn0.56In0067Sb0067Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.08Sn0.72In0067Sb0067Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.4Sn0.4In0067Sb0067Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.35Sn0.35In0.1Sb0.1Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.5Sn0.5InSbTe4

Conditions	Yield
at 550 - 950℃; for 240h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → GeSnInSbTe5

Conditions	Yield
at 350 - 950℃; for 240h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Sn0.8Sb0.13Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

indium (7440-74-6) + antimony (7440-36-0) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Sn0.8In0067Sb0067Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

germanium (7440-56-4) + indium (7440-74-6) + tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium → Ge0.4Sn0.4In0.13Te

Conditions	Yield
at 590 - 900℃; for 120h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

bismuth (7440-69-9) + tin (7440-31-5) + lithium sulfide + sulfur (7704-34-9) → Li0.97Sn2.06Bi4.97S10

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: bismuth; tin; lithium sulfide; sulfur at 800℃; under 0.00150015 Torr; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Sealed tube; Stage #2: at 800℃; for 26h;	100%

tin (7440-31-5) + 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tribromide (1337952-48-3) → 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tribromidostannate(II)

Conditions	Yield
at 125℃; for 72h; Schlenk technique;	100%

tin (7440-31-5) + n-Butyl chloride (109-69-3) → dibutyltin chloride (683-18-1) + tributyltin chloride (1461-22-9)

Conditions	Yield
With catalyst: dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6/n-C4H9I In N,N-dimethyl-formamide 120°C; 24 h; excess KI;; analyzed by GLC;;	A 99% B 1%
With catalyst: dibenzo-18-crown-6/n-C4H9I In N,N-dimethyl-formamide 120°C; 24 h; excess KI;; analyzed by GLC;;	A 98% B 2%
With catalyst: dibenzo-18-crown-6/n-C8H17I In N,N-dimethyl-formamide 120°C; 24 h; excess KI;; analyzed by GLC;;	A 98% B 2%

tin (7440-31-5) + iodine (7553-56-2) → tin(II) iodide

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water at 170℃; Inert atmosphere;	99%
1260°C;
I2 in H2 stream;

tin (7440-31-5) + trifluorormethanesulfonic acid (1493-13-6) + dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5) → tin(IV) triflate - dimethylsulfoxide (1/6.1)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide metal. Sn under O2 atm. treated with DMSO and triflic acid (4 equiv.) in3 portions, heated at 100°C for 24 h;	99%

tin (7440-31-5) + bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (82113-65-3) + dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5) → tin(IV) triflimidate - dimethylsulfoxide (1/7.9)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide metal. Sn under O2 atm. treated with DMSO and triflimidic acid (4 equiv.) in 3 portions, heated at 100°C for 7 h;	99%

selenium (7782-49-2) + tin (7440-31-5) + barium (7440-39-3) → Ba2SnSe5

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) mixt. of Ba, Sn, Se in stoich. ratio 2:1:5 was placed into fused silica tube; sealed under vac.; put into furnace; heated to 750°C within3 ds; kept at 750°C for 4 ds; cooled to 700°C within 10 m in; annealed at 650°C for 4 ds; cooled to room temp. within 4 ds;	99%
Stage #1: selenium; tin; barium at 750℃; for 150h; Sealed tube; Stage #2: at 650℃; for 100h;

samarium (7440-19-9) + tin (7440-31-5) + nickel (7440-02-0) → Sm2NiSn4

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of Sm, Ni, Sn loaded into Ta tube, heated at 970°C for 36 h, quenched in water, annealed at 700°C for 15 d;	99%
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixt. of Sm, Ni, Sn loaded into Nb tube, heated under dynamic vac. at 300°C for 1 d, heated at 950°C for 5 d, cooled to room temp.at 15°C/h;

tin (7440-31-5) + o-tetrachloroquinone (2435-53-2) + tetraethylammonium bromide (71-91-0) → N(C2H5)4(1+)*SnBr(O2C6Cl4)2(1-)={(C2H5)4N}{SnBr(O2C6Cl4)2}

Conditions	Yield
In toluene; acetonitrile under dry N2, finely divided metal and o-quinone refluxed in toluene (24 h), filtration, addn. of Et4NBr in minimum amount of CH3CN (light-brown solid deposit), stirred (2 h, room temp.), addn. of diethyl ether, pptn.; filtration, evapn.; elem. anal.;	99%

tin (7440-31-5) + o-tetrachloroquinone (2435-53-2) + tetraphenyl phosphonium chloride (2001-45-8) → P(C6H5)4(1+)*SnCl(O2C6Cl4)2(1-)={P(C6H5)4}{SnCl(O2C6Cl4)2}

Conditions	Yield
In toluene; acetonitrile under dry N2, finely divided metal and o-quinone refluxed in toluene (24 h), filtration, addn. of Ph4PCl in minimum amount of CH3CN (light-brown solid deposit), stirred (2 h, room temp.), addn. of diethyl ether, pptn.; filtration, evapn.; elem. anal.;	99%

tin (7440-31-5) + 2-methoxy-ethanol (109-86-4) → Sn(2+)*2OC2H4OCH3(1-)=Sn(OC2H4OCH3)2

Conditions	Yield
With lithium chloride In further solvent(s) Electrolysis; (N2 or Ar); using of Sn as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode; electrolysis for 1-1.5 h with soln. of electrolyte LiCl in MeOCH2CH2OH; removal of methyl cellosolve in vac., sepn. from LiCl by extn. with toluene; distn. in vac.; elem. anal.;	99%
Electrochem. Process; Dissolution of Sn anode at 110-220 V and 0.2-0.5 A.; Elem. anal.;

selenium (7782-49-2) + tin (7440-31-5) + caesium selenide + arsenic trisulfide → 2Cs(1+)*SnAs2Se9(2-)=Cs2SnAs2Se9

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) mixt. Cs2Se, Sn, As2S3, and Se was heated at 500°C for 4 days andthen cooled to 250°C at rate 5°C/h followeed by rapid coo ling to room temp.; products were washed with DMF and ether;	99%
In neat (no solvent) mixt. Cs2Se, Sn, As2S3, and Se was heated at 550°C for 4 days andthen cooled to 250°C at rate 5°C/h followeed by rapid coo ling to room temp.; products were washed with DMF and ether;

tin (7440-31-5) + tellurium + copper (12775-96-1, 15158-11-9, 15721-63-8, 16941-75-6, 17493-86-6, 19498-52-3, 20499-83-6, 20499-84-7, 20499-85-8, 20499-86-9, 20573-10-8, 20573-11-9, 21595-51-7, 21595-52-8, 22206-52-6, 26445-28-3, 28959-95-7, 37362-93-9, 39417-05-5, 54603-16-6, 54603-23-5, 54603-32-6, 54603-40-6, 54603-48-4, 54603-81-5, 54603-89-3, 56316-56-4, 95985-91-4, 122297-32-9, 7440-50-8) → Cu2SnTe3

Conditions	Yield
at 399.84 - 699.84℃; for 408h; Sealed tube;	98%
In melt sealed in evacuated quartz ampoule; placed in vertical furnace; heated to 1150°C at 40°C/h; kept for 24 h, cooled at 10°C/hto 800°C, at 1°C/h to 640°C, to 500°C at 5. degree.C/h, annealed for 120 h;
In neat (no solvent) vac; 1350 K;

tin (7440-31-5) + iodine (7553-56-2) + 2-Aminophenyl disulfide (1141-88-4) → Sn(SC6H4NH2-o)3I (369361-53-5)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene 1.5 equiv. of disulfide, 0.5 equiv. of I2 and Sn metal were refluxed in toluene for 4 h; mixt. was filtered through Celite, soln. was concd. in vac., cooled in ice-bath, solid was filtered off, washed with petroleum ether (60-80 °C), dried in vac., elem. anal.;	98%

Upstream product

• 18282-10-5 Stannic oxide 
• 1333-74-0 Hydrogen 

Downstream Products

• 301-10-0 Stannous octoate 
• 18282-10-5 Stannic oxide 
• 13356-08-6 Fenbutatin oxide 
• 41083-11-8 Azocyclotin 
• 70010-48-9 4-THIOPHEN-2-YLPHENYLAMINE 
• 21651-19-4 TIN(II) OXIDE 
• 26510-91-8 2,4,5-Trimethoxyaniline 
• 1000577-87-6 ethyl 2-(4-chloroquinazolin-7-yloxy)acetate 
• 13472-47-4 Metastannic acid 
• 1919-91-1 NAPHTHOL AS-BI PHOSPHATE 
• 173194-95-1 6-HYDROXY-2-NAPHTHALENEBORONIC ACID 
• 74230-08-3 4-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid 
• 1043-21-6 Pirenoxine 
• 13814-97-6 Tin fluoroborate 
• 7772-99-8 STANNOUS CHLORIDE 
• 10025-69-1 Stannous chloride dihydrate 
• 120-53-6 6-ETHOXY-2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE 
• 13755-29-8 Sodium tetrafluoroborate 
• 16405-99-5 4-(BROMOMETHYL)-2,1,3-BENZOTHIADIAZOLE 
• 2498-50-2 4-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride 
• 3453-33-6 6-Methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde 
• 4734-73-0 2,3,5-TRIMETHYL-1,4-BENZENE DIAMINE 
• 57583-35-4 Methyltin mercaptide 
• 615-66-7 2-Chloro-1,4-diaminobenzene 
• 639-58-7 Chlorotriphenyltin 
• 7488-55-3 Stannous sulfate 
• 7646-78-8 Tin tetrachloride 
• 818-08-6 Dibutyltin oxide 
• 90069-81-1 3,4-DIAMINOTHIOPHENE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 
• 90090-64-5 2-(Thien-2-yl)pyrrolidine 
• 944709-53-9 5,7-dichlorooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine 

Recommend Products

• 3002-01-5  dibenzyltin(IV) dichloride 
• 100-44-7  benzyl chloride 
• 191846-77-2  4-amino-5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde 
• 191846-76-1  5-methoxy-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde 
• 10026-06-9  tin tetrachloride hydrate 
• 7789-67-5  stannic bromide 
• 7726-95-6  bromine 
• 993-16-8  methyltin(IV) trichloride 
• 75-09-2  dichloromethane 
• 7783-62-2  tin(IV) fluoride 
• 7790-91-2  chlorine trifluoride 
• 12054-72-7  tin(IV) hydroxide 
• 7664-93-9  sulfuric acid 
• 7697-37-2  nitric acid