Hydrogen Peroxide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Hydrogen Peroxide
• CAS No.: 7722-84-1
• Deprecated CAS: 218625-72-0,37355-84-3,66554-50-5,8007-30-5,97929-73-2,37355-84-3,66554-50-5
• Molecular Formula: H2O2
• Molecular Weight: 34.0147
• Hs Code.: 2847.00
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-765-0
• ICSC Number: 0164
• NSC Number: 19892
• UN Number: 2015,2014,2984
• UNII: BBX060AN9V
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID2020715
• Wikipedia: Hydrogen peroxide,Hydrogen_peroxide
• Wikidata: Q171877,Q1088474
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C28156
• RXCUI: 5499
• Pharos Ligand ID: 2448
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL71595
• Mol file: 7722-84-1.mol

Synonyms:Hydrogen Peroxide;Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2);Hydroperoxide;Oxydol;Perhydrol;Peroxide, Hydrogen;Superoxol

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Chemical Property of Hydrogen Peroxide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: colourless liquid
• Vapor Pressure: 23.3 mm Hg ( 30 °C)
• Melting Point: -11 °C
• Refractive Index: 1.414
• Boiling Point: 150.2 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 11.5(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 107 °C
• PSA: 40.46000
• Density: 1.444 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.01740
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: diethyl ether: soluble
• Water Solubility.: miscible
• XLogP3: -0.9
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 34.005479302
• Heavy Atom Count: 2
• Complexity: 0
• Transport DOT Label: Oxidizer Corrosive,Oxidizer

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn,C,O
• Hazard Codes: Xn,C,O
• Statements: 22-41-37/38-34-20/22-8-35-5
• Safety Statements: 26-39-45-36/37/39-28A-17-28-1/2

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Oxidizers
• Canonical SMILES: OO
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Evaluation of Aerosol in a Dental Clinic
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Randomised phase II trial testing efficacy of intra-tumoural hydrogen peroxide as a radiation sensitiser in patients with locally advanced/recurrent breast cancer
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Verification of effective tongue cleaning method for patients with gastrointestinal cancer in oral health care
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. The vapour is severely irritating to the respiratory tract. Ingestion may cause strong foam formation with risk of asphyxiation and aspiration. Exposure to this substance may produce oxygen bubbles (embolism) in the blood, resulting in shock.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: Repeated or chronic inhalation of the vapour may cause chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure. The substance may have effects on the hair. This may result in bleaching.
• Uses: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a purified form is explosive. In a dilute form in water, it is used as an antiseptic and oxidizing agent. Antiinfective, topical. hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching and oxidizing agent, detergent, and antiseptic. It is generally recognized as a safe preservative, germ killer, and skin bleacher in cosmetics. If used undiluted, it can cause burns of the skin and mucous membranes. Hydrogen peroxide is used for bleaching silk, fabrics, feathers, and hairs; in refining oils and fats; for cleaning metals surfaces; as an antiseptic; and in rocket propulsion (90% solution). It is marketed as an aqueous solution of 3-90% by weight. Synthesized hydrogen peroxide is approximately 60% H2O2 by weight and is distilled tohigher concentrations and diluted to lower concentrations for intended purposes. Food grade hydrogen peroxide comes in 35% and 50% concentrations. It is usedfor disinfecting purposes and also as an ingredient in cosmetics, shampoos, and medications.Reagent hydrogen peroxide for chemical and medical laboratories has a concentration of 30%.Standard grades of 35%, 50%, 60%, and 70% are used for industrial bleaching. Generalhousehold hydrogen peroxide is 3% H2O2 and 6% is used by beauticians for hair coloring.Very high grades such as 90% are used as oxidizers in rocket propulsion. Hydrogen peroxide has a number of environmental uses. Hydrogen peroxide has a number of environmental uses. These include water treatment, odorcontrol, oxidation of pollutants, and corrosion control. Hydrogen peroxide is used to removeiron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide from water supplies and wastewater. The oxidation ofsubstances such as hydrogen sulfide reduces odors. Because H2O2 decomposes into oxygen andwater, it has the added advantage of lowering the biological oxygen demand of wastewater.ese include water treatment, odorcontrol, oxidation of pollutants, and corrosion control. Hydrogen peroxide is used to removeiron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide from water supplies and wastewater. The oxidation ofsubstances such as hydrogen sulfide reduces odors. Because H2O2 decomposes into oxygen andwater, it has the added advantage of lowering the biological oxygen demand of wastewater. Hydrogen peroxide is used in chemical synthesis and can function as both an oxidizing andreducing agent. Caro’s acid (H2SO5) is made using H2O2. Peracetic acid (C2H4O3) is producedby reacting acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide and is used as a disinfectant. Solid bleachingagents such as perborates and percarbonates are made using H2O2. It is used in epoxida tionand hydroxylation reactions. Epoxidation reactions involve the breaking of double bondsin alkenes, with the carbons then bonding to the same oxygen atom to form an epoxide ring.
• Description: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used extensively in industry and medicine. It is usually available as aqueous solutions in concentrations of 3, 30 or 90 percent by weight. The 3 percent solution is used as a topical antiseptic and cleansing agent, and as a constituent in mouthwashes, dentifrices and sanitary lotions; the 30 percent as an effective bleaching agent and for other industrial uses; and the 90 percent as a vigorous oxidizer of rocket fuels. The anhydrous form is a colorless, bittertasting liquid with an ozone-like odor. In the absence of stabilizing agents (e.g., phosphates, tin), hydrogen peroxide solutions are unstable and decompose upon standing, agitation, exposure to light, or heating. Hydrogen peroxide reacts vigorously with many oxidizing as well as reducing agents. Concentrated solutions are highly caustic to the skin. In addition to its effectiveness as a bleach, hydrogen peroxide has proved to be a useful antimicrobial agent. This latter property has been utilized in some countries as a preservative of milk and whey.
• Physical properties: Colorless liquid; pure compound or 90% solution unstable; bitter taste; den-sity 1.463 g/mL; boils at 150.2°C; freezes at -0.43°C; vapor pressure 9.9 torrat 50°C and 121.5 torr at 100°C; viscosity 1.245 centipoise at 20°C; surfacetension 80.4 dyn/cm at 20°C; miscible with water in all proportions; soluble inether; densities of 30%, 70%, and 90% H2O2solutions are 1.1081, 1.2839 and1.3867 g/mL, respectively, at 25°C; freezing points at these concentrations are-25.7°C, -40.3°C and -11.5°C, respectively; and their boiling points are106.2°C, 125.5°C and 141.3°C, respectively; decomposed by many organic sol-vents; pKaat 25°C is 11.62.

Technology Process of Hydrogen Peroxide

There total 712 articles about Hydrogen Peroxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

dipotassium peroxodisulfate + sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) + water (7732-18-5) → potassium hydrogensulfate (7646-93-7) + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + oxygen (80937-33-3) + ozone (10028-15-6)

Guidance literature:

In water; investigations within the system K2S2O8-H2SO4-H2O at 100 °C, formation of O3 at higher concentrations of H2SO4, mechanism discussed;;

Reference yield:

water (7732-18-5) → Ammonium + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + ozone (10028-15-6)

Guidance literature:

With air; In water; Electrochem. Process; water was grounded through contact electrode at bottom of vessel; vesselwas closed by Teflon cork with orifices for introducing electrodes and tubes for blowing through gases (air); these tubes were closed; potentia l drop at 0.5 mA discharge was 10 kV; liquid was transferred into open vessel and held in air with periodic shaking for 2 h; determination of content H2O2 by titration with KMnO4 in acid medium; detection of NH4(1+) with use Nessler reagent; Kinetics;

Reference yield:

water (7732-18-5) → hydrogen (1333-74-0) + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + oxygen (80937-33-3)

Guidance literature:

With Ar or Kr or Xe; In water; Sonication; Ar or Kr or Xe saturated water was sonicated (200 kHz, 200 W) for 10 min. at 7 °C.; not isolated; Kinetics;

DOI:10.1246/cl.2001.142

upstream raw materials:

3,5-dimethyl-[1,2]dioxolane-3,5-diol

5-hydroperoxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolan-3-ol

Glycine anhydride

1,1-dimethoxyethane

Downstream raw materials:

3-hydroxy-2-pyrone

3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one

4-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one

3-ethyl-4-methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one

Refernces

• 1、 Zhang, Peng,Wang, Tuo,Chang, Xiaoxia,Zhang, Lei,Gong, Jinlong. "Synergistic Cocatalytic Effect of Carbon Nanodots and Co3O4 Nanoclusters for the Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation on Hematite". . p. 5851 - 5855. Retrieved 2016.
• 2、 Feng, Yongjun,He, Ting,Alonso-Vante, Nicolas. "Oxygen reduction reaction on carbon-supported CoSe2 nanoparticles in an acidic medium". . p. 5252 - 5256. Retrieved 2009.
• 3、 Ma, Zhong-Long,Jia, Rong-Li,Liu, Chang-Jun. "Production of hydrogen peroxide from carbon monoxide, water and oxygen over alumina-supported Ni catalysts". . p. 157 - 163. Retrieved 2004.
• 4、 Fu, Shaofang,Zhu, Chengzhou,Su, Dong,Song, Junhua,Yao, Siyu,Feng, Shuo,Engelhard, Mark H.,Du, Dan,Lin, Yuehe. "Porous Carbon-Hosted Atomically Dispersed Iron–Nitrogen Moiety as Enhanced Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Wide Range of pH". . . Retrieved 2018.
• 5、 Tatapudi,Fenton. "Synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in a proton exchange membrane electrochemical reactor". . p. L55-L57. Retrieved 1993.
• 6、 Geiger, Thomas,Anson, Fred C.. "Homogeneous Catalysis of the Electrochemical Reduction of Dioxygen by a Macrocyclic Cobalt(III) Complex". . p. 7489 - 7496. Retrieved 1981.
• 7、 Takacs, Gerard A.,Howard, Carleton J.. "Temperature Dependence of the Reaction HO2+HO2 at Low Pressures". . p. 687 - 690. Retrieved 1986.
• 8、 Nagaoka, Tsutomu,Sakai, Toshiaki,Ogura, Kotaro,Yoshino, Takashi. "Oxygen Reduction with Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones immobilized at Carbon Electrodes". . . Retrieved 1987.
• 9、 Sheriff, Tippu S.,Cope, Steven,Ekwegh, Mmaezi. "Calmagite dye oxidation using in situ generated hydrogen peroxide catalysed by manganese(ii) ions". . p. 5119 - 5122. Retrieved 2007.
• 10、 Nosaka, Yoshio,Yamashita, Yoshifumi,Fukuyama, Hiroshi. "Application of chemiluminescent probe to monitoring superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide in TiO2 photocatalysis". . p. 5822 - 5827. Retrieved 1997.