Hydrogen

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Hydrogen
• CAS No.: 1333-74-0
• Molecular Formula: H2
• Molecular Weight: 2.01588
• European Community (EC) Number: 215-605-7
• ICSC Number: 0001
• NSC Number: 356464
• UN Number: 1049
• UNII: 7YNJ3PO35Z
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID9029643
• Wikipedia: Hydrogen,Dihydrogen
• Wikidata: Q3027893
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C84102
• Mol file: 1333-74-0.mol

Synonyms:Hydrogen;Hydrogen-1;Protium

Chemical Property of Hydrogen

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: Colorless gas
• Vapor Pressure: Critical temperature is - 239.9 °C; noncondensible above this temperature
• Melting Point: -259.2 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: -252.8 °C(lit.)
• PKA: 35(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: <-150°C
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 0.0899 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.00000
• Water Solubility.: 0.00017 g/100 mL
• XLogP3: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 2.0156500638
• Heavy Atom Count: 0
• Complexity: 0
• Transport DOT Label: Flammable Gas

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Hydrogen ≥99.99% ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F+
• Hazard Codes: F+
• Statements: 12
• Safety Statements: 9-16-33

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Simple Asphyxiants
• Canonical SMILES: [HH]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Single and Multiple Ascending Oral Doses of XEN1101.
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: An open-label study to evaluate the extended early bactericidal activity, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple doses (m.d.) of TMC207 oral solution (os) and isoniazid (JH), m.d. of TMC207 os and pyrazinamide (JZ), m.d. of TMC207 os and rifampin (JR) or m. oral d. of TMC207 os and isoniazid and pyrazinamide (JHZ), compared to the 3 principle drugs of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment (HRZ) in treatment-na?ve subjects with sputum-smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Evaluation of effectiveness and clarification of the mechanism of high concentration hydrogen water intake on systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome
• Inhalation Risk: On loss of containment this substance can cause suffocation by lowering the oxygen content of the air in confined areas.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: Asphyxiation. Exposure to cold gas could cause frostbite.
• Description: Hydrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless, flammable, and nontoxic. It exists as a gas at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressures. It is the lightest gas known, with a density approximately 0.07% that of air. Hydrogen is present in the atmosphere occurring in concentrations of only about 0.5 ppm by volume at lower altitudes.
• Physical properties: Hydrogen’s atom is the simplest of all the elements, and the major isotope (H-1) consists ofonly one proton in its nucleus and one electron in its K shell. The density of atomic hydrogenis 0.08988 g/l, and air’s density is 1.0 g/l (grams per liter). Its melting point is –255.34°C,and its boiling point is –252.87°C (absolute zero = –273.13°C or –459.4°F). Hydrogen hastwo oxidation states, +1 and –1.
• Uses: Hydrogen is an excellent reducing agent.Production of ammonia (NH3).Ethanol (ethyl alcohol made from grains).Hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Large quantities of hydrogen are produced on site or pipelined for use by refineries, petrochemical and bulk chemical facilities for hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, and hydrocracking. Smaller quantities of hydrogen are produced on site or pipelined for use in the chemical, metallurgical, fats and oils, glass, and electronic industries. Some of these smaller users have hydrogen delivered to their manufacturing location as gaseous hydrogen in cylinders or tube trailers, or by cascade into on-site storage cylinders. Certain smaller users have liquid hydrogen delivered into an on-site liquid hydrogen storage system. In oxy-hydrogen blowpipe (welding) and limelight; autogenous welding of steel and other metals; manufacture of ammonia, synthetic methanol, HCl, NH3; hydrogenation of oils, fats, naphthalene, phenol; in balloons and airships; in metallurgy to reduce oxides to metals; in petroleum refining; in thermonuclear reactions (ionizes to form protons, deuterons (D) or tritons (T)). liquid hydrogen used in bubble chambers to study subatomic particles; as a coolant.

Technology Process of Hydrogen

There total 2807 articles about Hydrogen which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 100.0%

methanol (67-56-1) → carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + hydrogen (1333-74-0)

Guidance literature:

With water; at 20 ℃; pH=4.5; Quantum yield; UV-irradiation; Inert atmosphere;

DOI:10.1007/s11164-015-2253-5

Reference yield: 78.0%

water (7732-18-5) + pyrographite (7440-44-0) + calcium oxide → ethane (74-84-0) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + hydrogen (1333-74-0) + calcium carbonate

Guidance literature:

at 650 ℃; for 2h; under 38002.6 Torr;

Reference yield: 78.0%

water (7732-18-5) + pyrographite (7440-44-0) + calcium oxide → hydrogen (1333-74-0) + calcium carbonate

Guidance literature:

at 600 - 800 ℃; under 2280.15 - 30402 Torr;

upstream raw materials:

methane

sodium tetrahydroborate

iodine

starch

Downstream raw materials:

methane

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(1'-phenyl-propyl)-2-pyrone

Refernces

Conclusive evidence for an S_N2-Si mechanism in the B(C ₆F₅)₃-catalyzed hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds: Implications for the related hydrogenation

10.1002/anie.200801675

The study provides conclusive evidence for an SN2-Si mechanism in the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds, which has implications for the related hydrogenation reactions. The researchers used a silane with a stereogenic silicon center as a stereochemical probe to investigate the transition state in the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed hydrosilylation of prochiral acetophenone. They found that the reaction proceeds through a concerted SN2-type displacement at silicon, involving a four-centered cyclic transition state, rather than through a free silylium ion intermediate. This mechanistic understanding is significant for the development of catalytic asymmetric approaches and could guide the design of novel processes in synthetic chemistry. The study also suggests that the efficiency of such reactions may depend on the asymmetric induction of a chiral nonracemic borane catalyst.

synthesis and Solid-State Structure of Substituted Arylphosphine Oxides

10.1021/jo00116a042

The research focuses on the synthesis and solid-state structure of substituted arylphosphine oxides, which are of interest due to their potential as second-order nonlinear optical materials. The study aimed to prepare and characterize new arylphosphine oxides with donor and acceptor substituents, exploring the influence of hydrogen bonding on their propensity to form acentric crystals, crucial for their use in nonlinear optical materials.

Kinetics of photolytic transformations of 4,4'-Bi(3-methyl-6-tert-butyl-o- benzoquinone)

10.1134/S1070363207120110

The research investigates the kinetics of photolytic transformations of 4,4'-Bi(3-methyl-6-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone) (Q-Q) in hydrocarbon solutions under light with wavelengths of 313 and 405 nm. The study aimed to determine the quantum yields and apparent rate constants of the photolysis process and suggest a probable scheme of photochemical reactions. The researchers identified two main pathways for Q-Q transformation under irradiation: reduction via abstraction of hydrogen atoms from a solvent molecule to form bi(5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-4-one-1-ylidene) (IA), and decarbonylation yielding 6-tert-butyl-4-(4-tert-butyl-2-methyl-3-oxocyclopenta-1,4-dienyl)-3-methyl-o-benzoquinone (IB).