Silicon dioxide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Silicon dioxide
• CAS No.: 7631-86-9
• Deprecated CAS: 108727-71-5,11139-72-3,11139-73-4,12125-13-2,122985-48-2,125623-17-8,126879-14-9,126879-30-9,126879-49-0,12737-36-9,12753-63-8,12765-74-1,127689-16-1,12774-28-6,127831-27-0,1340-09-6,136881-80-6,137263-03-7,139074-73-0,145686-91-5,146585-72-0,149779-02-2,152787-33-2,155552-25-3,155575-05-6,179046-03-8,185461-90-9,188357-77-9,206770-31-2,207868-97-1,37220-24-9,37241-25-1,37334-65-9,37340-45-7,37380-93-1,39336-66-8,39372-58-2,39409-25-1,39443-40-8,39456-81-0,50813-13-3,50926-93-7,50935-83-6,51542-57-5,51542-58-6,52350-43-3,53468-64-7,55599-33-2,56645-27-3,56731-06-7,60572-11-4,61673-46-9,62655-73-6,67167-16-2,70536-23-1,70563-35-8,78207-17-7,83589-56-4,83652-92-0,87501-59-5,89493-21-0,9049-77-8,97343-62-9,97709-14-3,107497-59-6,113384-41-1,136303-13-4,138860-82-9,145537-54-8,145808-77-1,152206-35-4,171264-18-9,172306-09-1,173299-41-7,184654-53-3,191289-29-9,203526-86-7,217643-58-8,231629-15-5,247900-77-2,250579-70-5,250579-78-3,264907-28-0,330152-64-2,341028-71-5,368432-40-0,402735-49-3,402828-37-9,402828-39-1,402828-40-4,70536-61-7,98226-40-5,98253-25-9,150633-20-8,761458-29-1,781662-69-9,865611-44-5,942129-91-1,1004994-79-9,1006727-26-9,1007355-41-0,1151767-34-8,1354383-62-2,1365618-91-2,1373553-98-0,1377807-27-6,1396528-08-7,573986-27-3,574743-92-3,636575-18-3,871110-01-9,895163-77-6,900794-70-9,910556-60-4,916674-46-9,102381-58-8,1065194-86-6,1262535-72-7,1364664-19-6,1367454-14-5,1384115-98-3,1431704-97-0,1431704-98-1,1431705-01-9,1675960-65-2,1678497-74-9,1844839-43-5,1848955-43-0,1933499-98-9,2098352-97-5,2098352-98-6,2098352-99-7,2098354-30-2,2135813-99-7,2148930-88-3,2170638-70-5,2174974-17-3,2174974-56-0,2215023-93-9,2215943-42-1,2226478-11-9,1206890-01-8,1259281-12-3,1474086-62-8,173358-69-5,2067262-90-0,2095803-93-1,2300155-82-0,2409669-48-1,2412595-05-0,2412795-58-3,2413104-54-6,2435623-01-9,2454600-76-9,736175-62-5,2699030-77-6,105269-70-3,1317-48-2,122304-48-7,122304-49-8,12425-26-2,1317-79-9,70594-95-5,87347-84-0,12414-70-9,1317-94-8,119573-97-6,37224-34-3,37224-35-4,55126-05-1,221007-06-3,942229-17-6,1355213-18-1,1417404-62-6,67256-35-3,1004994-79-9,1006727-26-9,1007355-41-0,107497-59-6,11139-72-3,11139-73-4,113384-41-1,1151767-34-8,12125-13-2,122985-48-2,125623-17-8,126879-14-9,126879-30-9,126879-49-0,12737-36-9,12753-63-8,12765-74-1,127689-16-1,12774-28-6,127831-27-0,1340-09-6,1354383-62-2,136303-13-4,1365618-91-2,136881-80-6,137263-03-7,1373553-98-0,1377807-27-6,138860-82-9,139074-73-0,1396528-08-7,145537-54-8,145686-91-5,145808-77-1,146585-72-0,149779-02-2,150633-20-8,152206-35-4,152787-33-2,155552-25-3,155575-05-6,171264-18-9,172306-09-1,173299-41-7,179046-03-8,184654-53-3,185461-90-9,188357-77-9,191289-29-9,203526-86-7,206770-31-2,207868-97-1,217643-58-8,231629-15-5,247900-77-2,250579-70-5,250579-78-3,264907-28-0,330152-64-2,341028-71-5,368432-40-0,37220-24-9,37241-25-1,37334-65-9,37340-45-7,37380-93-1,39336-66-8,39372-58-2,39409-25-1,39443-40-8,39456-81-0,402735-49-3,402828-37-9,402828-39-1,402828-40-4,50813-13-3,50926-93-7,50935-83-6,51542-57-5,51542-58-6,52350-43-3,53468-64-7,55599-33-2,56731-06-7,573986-27-3,574743-92-3,60572-11-4,61673-46-9,62655-73-6,636575-18-3,67167-16-2,70536-23-1,70536-61-7,70563-35-8,761458-29-1,781662-69-9,78207-17-7,83589-56-4,83652-92-0,865611-44-5,871110-01-9,87501-59-5,89493-21-0,895163-77-6,900794-70-9,9049-77-8,910556-60-4,916674-46-9,942129-91-1,97343-62-9,97709-14-3,98226-40-5,98253-25-9
• Molecular Formula: SiO2
• Molecular Weight: 60.0843
• Hs Code.: 2811221000
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-545-4,234-368-0,921-597-2,927-048-3
• UNII: ETJ7Z6XBU4
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID1029677
• Nikkaji Number: J43.598H
• Wikipedia: Silica,Silicon dioxide,Onyx
• Wikidata: Q116269
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C29853,C44441,C791
• RXCUI: 9771,314826,1426646
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL3188292
• Mol file: 7631-86-9.mol

Synonyms:Silicon dioxide, chemically prepared;Silica (SiO2);Amorphous silica;Silica slurry;Silica, amorphous, fumed;Silicon dioxide (amorphous);

Chemical Property of Silicon dioxide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: white crystals or powder
• Vapor Pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
• Melting Point: >1600 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.46
• Boiling Point: >100oC(lit.)
• PKA: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
• Flash Point: 2230 °C
• PSA: 34.14000
• Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
• LogP: -0.61840
• Storage Temp.: Refrigerator (+4°C)
• Sensitive.: Hygroscopic
• Solubility.: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
• Water Solubility.: insoluble
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 59.966755773
• Heavy Atom Count: 3
• Complexity: 18.3

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Silica gel 60 (0.063-0.200 mm) for column chromatography (70-230 mesh ASTM) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn, Xi
• Hazard Codes: Xn,Xi
• Statements: 36/37/38-36/37-22-43-52/53-36/38
• Safety Statements: 26-37/39-36-36/37/39-36/37-61

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Mineral Dusts -> Other Mineral Dusts
• Canonical SMILES: O=[Si]=O
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Efficacy and Safety of Neosil on Chronic Effluvium
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Phase II, Double-blind, randomized, 1-way cross-over, to investigate the effectiveness of the combination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherol (vitamin E) versus placebo for the treatment of depressive disorders in elderly
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Clinical trials on efficacy and safety of 3 novel combinations of Nobiletin, Kaempferia parviflora and Peucedanum japonicum for urine storage disorder
• Uses: ▼▲ Industry Application Role/benefit Food Powdered foods, such as salt, many spices, etc. Ant-caking agent/ when added to a mixture, prevents its ingredients from binding together Nutritional health food supplements Source of silicon/maintain healthy strong bones and joints and minimizes aluminum effects on the body Wine, beer and juice Fining agent Chemical manufacture Manufacture of silicon compounds and sodium silicate Raw material Construction Production of portland cement Raw material Sand casting Main ingredient/high melting point Glass High purity silica glass Raw material/high temperature and corrosion resistance Domestic glass and optical devices Essential component Ceramics Manufacture of ceramic glaze Main constituents/forms glass when heated to bind others ingredients together Metallurgy Manufacture of silicon alloys Raw material or additive Pharmaceutical Drug tablets making Flow agent/aids powder flow when tablets are formed Preventing Alzheimer’s disease Effective components/minimizes aluminum effects on the body which may cause Alzheimer’s disease Electronics Fiber optic cables Raw material/high level of heat conductivity and low rate of transmission loss Wire insulation Raw material/high melting point and good insulating property Semi-conductors Source of silicon Piezoelectric transducer Main component/can convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice-versa Others Refractory materials Main component/high melting point and high shock resistance Rubber and plastics Additive/improves wearing capacity DNA Extraction Source of silicon/has binding properties which help to isolate the strands of DNA Manufacture of silica gel Source of silicon/hygroscopic property Defoaming Defoamer component Silica-based aerogel Source of silicon Hydraulic fracturing Thickening agent silica is also known as silicone dioxide. Silica has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency. It can also function as an abrasive. In addition, it can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel. Spherical silica is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight. A typical claim associated with silica is oil control. It is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations. It has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations. Silica (SiO2) (RI: 1.48) is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur). This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes. They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings. They are relatively expensive. Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed. Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications. Synthetic silicon dioxides are used as a rheology control agent in plastics. It is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones. Functionalized RAFT agent for controlled radical polymerization; especially suited for the polymerization of styrene; acrylate and acrylamide monomers. Azide group can be used to conjugate to a variety of alkyne-functionalized biomolecules. Chain Transfer Agent (CTA). SDS mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly of sodium lauryl sulfate manufacture of glass, water glass, refractories, abrasives, ceramics, enamels; decolorizing and purifying oils, petroleum products, etc.; in scouring- and grinding-compounds, ferrosilicon, molds for castings; as anticaking and defoaming agent.

Technology Process of Silicon dioxide

There total 942 articles about Silicon dioxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 25.5%

aluminium carbide (1299-86-1) → aluminum oxide (1333-84-2,1344-28-1) + gibbsite + silica gel (112926-00-8,7631-86-9)

Guidance literature:

at low temp. formed amorphous Al4C3;

Reference yield:

indium(III) oxide + tetrachlorosilane (10026-04-7,53609-55-5) → silica gel (112926-00-8,7631-86-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Guidance literature:

780-800°C in vac.; Two-fold vacuum sublimation with prior distilling off SiCl4.;

Reference yield:

tetrachlorosilane (10026-04-7,53609-55-5) + neodymium(III) oxide → neodymium trichloride (10024-93-8) + silica gel (112926-00-8,7631-86-9)

Guidance literature:

1000°C in vac.; distilling;

upstream raw materials:

tetrachlorosilane

water

tetramethylorthosilicate

ethenyltrimethylsilane

Downstream raw materials:

4-(3-oxo-propyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester

caprolactam

2-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)cyclohexan-1-one

(R)-3-hydroxy-1,5-diphenyl-pentan-1-one

Refernces

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of a well-defined rhodium siloxide complex immobilized on silica

10.1002/anie.200704362

The research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of a well-defined rhodium siloxide complex immobilized on silica. The study explores the properties of siloxide as an ancillary ligand in TM-O-Si systems, particularly for catalysis in reactions such as polymerization, olefin metathesis, epoxidation of alkenes, and dehydrogenative coupling of silanes. The researchers synthesized a rhodium siloxide complex by reacting the molecular rhodium siloxide precursor [{Rh(μ-OSiMe3)(cod)}2] with aerosil silica. The resulting surface organometallic complex was characterized using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, revealing the presence of (μ-SiO)Rh(H)SiMe2Ph surface organometallic complexes. The catalytic activity of the complex was tested in hydrosilylation reactions of 1-alkenes and vinylsiloxanes using heptamethylhydrotrisiloxane as a model of (poly)hydrosiloxanes. The catalysts demonstrated high effectiveness and stability, maintaining activity even after multiple recycling tests. The research suggests that the silanol groups in the complex contribute to the high stability of the heterogeneous catalyst, allowing for reuse without a decrease in yield or selectivity.

Preparation of nano silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate: As an efficient catalyst for the trimethyl, triethyl and t-butyldimethyl silylations of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols in solution and under solvent-free conditions

10.1002/jccs.201300586

The research focuses on the preparation and application of nano silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4.SiO2 (nano)) as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of silyl ethers from various alcohols and phenols under both solution and solvent-free conditions. The study introduces a new method using chlorosilanes instead of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), aiming to overcome drawbacks such as long reaction times, harsh conditions, and the use of toxic or expensive reagents associated with traditional silylation methods. The experiments involved the preparation of silyl ethers using NaHSO4.SiO2 (nano) and triethylamine (Et3N) with chlorosilanes as silylating agents. The reactants included a range of alcohols and phenols, which were subjected to trimethyl, triethyl, and t-butyldimethyl silylations. The analyses used to characterize the synthesized silyl ethers included physical constants, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. The study demonstrated that the new method could achieve high yields of silyl ethers in relatively short reaction times under mild conditions, with the added benefit of avoiding the need for solvents, thus simplifying the work-up procedure.

Deprotection of a silyl group with mesoporous silica

10.1248/cpb.55.861

The study focuses on the use of mesoporous silicas, specifically MCM-41, for the selective deprotection of silyl groups in organic synthesis. The researchers aimed to achieve an environmentally benign process by using a heterogeneous catalyst that simplifies the work-up process and can be recycled. The chemicals used in the study include various silyl ethers of dodecanol and 1,4-butanediol, as well as different mesoporous silicas such as MCM-41, FSM-16, and HMS. These silyl ethers serve as substrates for the deprotection process, while the mesoporous silicas act as solid acid catalysts to selectively remove the triethylsilyl (TES) group in the presence of a t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) group. The study also explored the recyclability of FSM-16 by re-calcination after each reaction cycle, demonstrating its potential for sustainable use in organic synthesis.

Ruthenium nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Highly effective catalytic system for hydrogenation processes

10.1016/j.molcata.2010.09.006

The study presents the preparation and evaluation of ruthenium nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (RuL-MWCNT) for their catalytic efficiency in hydrogenation reactions. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a ligand stabilization method and characterized by elemental analysis and transmission electronic microscopy. The catalytic performance of the supported RuL-MWCNT was compared with non-supported ruthenium nanoparticles and ruthenium nanoparticles supported on other materials like silica, alumina, and activated carbon. The study found that the RuL-MWCNT catalyst demonstrated superior activity and selectivity in converting various unsaturated substrates to fully hydrogenated products, maintaining its catalytic behavior even after recycling. The support's nature significantly influenced the catalytic activity, with MWCNT showing the best results among the tested supports. The study concludes that the RuL-MWCNT system is an effective catalyst for hydrogenation processes, offering high activity, selectivity, and recyclability.

Use of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves in the Production of Fine Chemicals: Preparation of Dihydroquinolinones of Pharmaceutical Interest from 2′-Aminochalcones

10.1002/cctc.201501403

The study investigates the use of mesoporous molecular sieves, particularly MCM-41, in the production of fine chemicals, focusing on the synthesis of dihydroquinolinones of pharmaceutical interest from 2’-aminochalcones. Dihydroquinolinones are six-membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds with significant biological activities, making them valuable for pharmaceutical applications. The synthesis typically involves the base or acid-catalyzed intramolecular aza-Michael cyclization of 2’-aminochalcones. The study explores various catalysts, including zeolites and mesoporous materials, to optimize the yield and catalyst life. It highlights the challenges of catalyst deactivation due to strong adsorption of reactants and products, and demonstrates that mesoporous aluminosilicates like MCM-41 with a Si/Al ratio of 15 offer high activity and selectivity, achieving excellent yields of dihydroquinolinones. Additionally, the study presents a one-pot synthesis process starting from 2’-nitrochalcones using a bifunctional metal–acid catalyst, achieving high yields and selectivity in a short reaction time.

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