Chemical Property of meso-Cystine
Chemical Property:
- Appearance/Colour:White crystalline powder
- Melting Point:>240 °C (dec.)(lit.)
- Refractive Index:-222.5 ° (C=1, 1mol/L HCl)
- Boiling Point:468.2 °C at 760 mmHg
- PKA:1.0, 2.1, 8.02, 8.71(at 25℃)
- Flash Point:237 °C
- PSA：177.24000
- Density:1.571 g/cm3
- LogP:0.59220
- Storage Temp.:Store at RT.
- Solubility.:1 M HCl: 100 mg/mL
- Water Solubility.:0.112 g/L (25 ºC)
- XLogP3:-6.3
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:4
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:8
- Rotatable Bond Count:7
- Exact Mass:240.02384922
- Heavy Atom Count:14
- Complexity:192
- Purity/Quality:
-
98% *data from raw suppliers
L-Cystine
≥99.7% (TLC) *data from reagent suppliers
Safty Information:
- Pictogram(s):
Xi
- Hazard Codes:Xi,Xn
- Statements:
36/37/38-22
- Safety Statements:
26-36-24/25
- MSDS Files:
-
SDS file from LookChem
Useful:
- Chemical Classes:Biological Agents -> Amino Acids and Derivatives
- Canonical SMILES:C(C(C(=O)O)N)SSCC(C(=O)O)N
- Isomeric SMILES:C([C@H](C(=O)O)N)SSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
- Recent NIPH Clinical Trials:Perioperative oral administration of Cystine and Theanine enhances recovery after thoracoscopic esophagectomy
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Structure and Properties
Cystine is a vital amino acid derived from cysteine, appearing as a white, solid substance with low solubility in water. It forms a dimeric amino acid structure through disulfide bonds (-S-S-).
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Functions and Roles
Acts as a precursor in cellular processes, including the synthesis pathways of glutathione and taurine.
Contributes to crosslinking due to its sulfur-rich nature and is a constituent of proteins such as keratin and hydrophobins.
Utilized in nutritional products, acne treatments, creams for healing cervical injuries or inflammation, and as a flour treatment agent.
Plays roles in metabolism, promoting hair growth, combating skin aging effects, aiding post-surgical healing, protecting against radiation damage, and potentially assisting in fat burning and muscle gain.
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Metabolism and Cellular Processes
Serves as a rate-limiting precursor for glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, and can act as an antioxidant itself.
Can be synthesized through de novo biosynthesis or recycled through protein degradation.
Extracellular cystine is quickly oxidized from cysteine and has a higher concentration than extracellular cysteine.
Some cancer cells can effectively take up extracellular cysteine or cystine, depending on environmental conditions.
Cystine starvation results in glutathione depletion in cells and can induce oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Pharmacologic blockade of cystine uptake induces a form of cell death termed ferroptosis, highlighting the role of cystine in cell survival under oxidative stress conditions.
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Regulation and Mechanisms
Extracellular cystine is imported into the cell through specific transporters like SLC7A11 and converted to cysteine in the cytosol.
Cystine starvation-induced downregulation of GPX4 protein is mediated by protein translation suppression rather than mRNA transcription or protein stability reduction.
