Amino Acids and proteins
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins and play essential roles in various physiological processes within organisms. Structurally, amino acids consist of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain (R group) that varies among different amino acids, imparting unique properties to each. When amino acids link together through peptide bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, they form polypeptide chains. Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of one or more polypeptide chains folded into specific three-dimensional shapes. Proteins are critical for the structure, function, and regulation of cells and tissues, serving roles as enzymes, structural components, transporters, hormones, antibodies, and more. The sequence and arrangement of amino acids in proteins determine their structure and function, influencing biological processes and contributing to the diversity and complexity of living organisms.
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