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| CAS No.: | 7447-40-7 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Potassium chloride |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | KCl |
| Molecular Weight: | 74.54 |
| Synonyms: | Klotrix;Chlorvescent;Potassium monochloride;Potassium muriate;Acronitol;Dipotassium dichloride;Durules-K;Kaon Cl;Kaon Cl-10;Potassium Cl; |
| EINECS: | 231-211-8 |
| Density: | 1.984 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 770 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 1420 °C |
| Flash Point: | 1500°C |
| Solubility: | soluble in glycerol, alkalies, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether |
| Appearance: | white crystalline solid |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xi,  C,  F
|
| Risk Codes: | 36-34-11 |
| Safety: | 24/25-39-26-22-23-45-36/37/39-16 |
| PSA: | 0.00000 |
| LogP: | -2.99600 |
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Specification
Potassium chloride (KCl) is the chemical compound which is a white or colorless vitreous crystal. Potassium chloride is not in general strongly reactive. There will be a violent reaction with BrF3 and with a mixture of sulfuric acid potassium permanganate mixture. Meanwhile, it can react with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fumes of hydrogen chloride. What's more, its IUPAC name is potassium chloride. Besides, it is white crystals or powder, which should be stored in ventilated, dry place at 2-8 °C.
Properties about Potassium chloride are: The chemical is stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. In addition, it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. You must protect it from moisture since it is hygroscopic. Potassium chloride is toxic in excess. If ingestion of high doses can cause cardiac arrest and rapid death. Therefore the aforementioned use as the third and final drug delivered in the lethal injection process.
Preparation of Potassium chloride: Potassium chloride can be extracted from sylvinite. In addition, it is also extracted from salt water. Meanwhile, it can be manufactured by crystallization from solution, flotation or electrostatic separation from suitable minerals. Potassium chloride is a by-product of the making of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and hydrochloric acid. What's more, using carnolite as raw material, you can also gain Potassium chloride. Firstly, you should crush it and mixed with 75% H2O. After that let the mixture toegangens superheated cream. Finally, you can gain the substance via refrigeration.
Uses of Potassium chloride: Potassium chloride is used in photography and in buffer soln, electrode cells. In addition, it is also used as a fertilizer. It can be used as a salt substitute for food, but due to its weak, bitter, unsalty flavour, it is usually mixed with ordinary salt (sodium chloride) for this purpose to improve the taste. Since the growth of many plants is limited by their potassium intake, the majority of the potassium chloride produced is used for making fertilizer. As a chemical feedstock, it is used for the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal. It is also used in medicine (including lethal injection), scientific applications, food processing, and as a sodium-free substitute for table salt (sodium chloride). Potassium chloride was once used as a fire extinguishing agent, used in portable and wheeled fire extinguishers. Along with sodium chloride and lithium chloride, potassium chloride is used as a flux for the gas welding of aluminium.
When you are using Potassium chloride please be cautious about it as the following: Potassium chloride may destroy living tissue on contact and may cause burns. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Whenever you will contact it, please wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). You should tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs before using Potassium chloride, or if you have: kidney disease; heart disease or high blood pressure; a blockage in your stomach or intestines; or chronic diarrhea (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease).
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Cl-].[K+]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/ClH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
(3)InChIKey: WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Toxicity of Potassium chloride:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| frog | LDLo | subcutaneous | 2120mg/kg (2120mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
| guinea pig | LDLo | intraarterial | 130mg/kg (130mg/kg) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928. | |
| guinea pig | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 900mg/kg (900mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 35, Pg. 1, 1929. |
| guinea pig | LDLo | intravenous | 77mg/kg (77mg/kg) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928. | |
| guinea pig | LDLo | oral | 2500mg/kg (2500mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 35, Pg. 1, 1929. |
| guinea pig | LDLo | parenteral | 40mg/kg (40mg/kg) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928. | |
| guinea pig | LDLo | subcutaneous | 2550mg/kg (2550mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
| infant | LDLo | oral | 938mg/kg/2D (938mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 240, Pg. 1339, 1978. |
| man | LDLo | oral | 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) | CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) BLOOD: CHANGE IN CLOTTING FACTORS GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Lancet. Vol. 2, Pg. 919, 1980. |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 620mg/kg (620mg/kg) | Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 256, Pg. 1043, 1963. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 117mg/kg (117mg/kg) | European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 8, Pg. 188, 1975. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) | Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 21, Pg. 257, 1990. | |
| pigeon | LDLo | subcutaneous | 2210mg/kg (2210mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 660mg/kg (660mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 597, 1965. | |
| rat | LD50 | intravenous | 142mg/kg (142mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 14, Pg. 1128, 1964. |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 2600mg/kg (2600mg/kg) | "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 8, 1972. | |
| women | TDLo | oral | 60mg/kg/D (60mg/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING BLOOD: CHANGE IN CLOTTING FACTORS | Lancet. Vol. 2, Pg. 919, 1980. |